大学英语语法之基本结构 14页

大学英语语法与练习CollegeEnglishGrammarandExercise 基本句型BasicSentencePatternsSVC(主—动—主补)SV(主—动)SVO(主—动—宾)SVOiOd(主—动—间宾—直宾)SVOCo(主—动—宾—宾补) 主语(subject)名词与名词词组做主语代词、数词、不定式（短语）、动词ING形式、名词从句做主语“the+形容词/ed分词”也可作为名词词组做主语 谓语（predicate）动词/动词词组及其后续成分作谓语Hisgreatestpleasureishelpingothers(连系动词+主语补语)Thecrowdcheered.（不及物动词）Theburntchildfearsthefire.（及物动词+宾语）Theboygavemealetter.（及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语）Ithoughtthisactionunnecessary.（及物动词+宾语+宾主补语）Theyweresittingthefireplace.（及物动词+状语）Hewillhavereceivedtheletterbynow.（及物动词+宾语+状语） SVC结构主语补语构成Necessityisthemotherofinvention.（名词词组）Who’sthis?It’sme.（代词）Onefromthreeistwo.（数词）Thefoodissweet.（形容词）Tomisnotin.（副词）Grannyisingoodhealth.（介词短语）Myintentionwastohelphim.（不定式短语）Theimportantthingisknowingwhattodo.（动词ING）Weareallconcernedabouthersafety.（分词短语）Thequestionunderdiscussionnowiswheretheyshouldbuildthefactory.（名词从语） SVC结构连系动词（LinkVerb）become,come,fall,get,go,grow,run,turn等表示“变得”，“成为”的动词；Continue,hold,keep,lie,remain,stand,stay等表示“保持着某一状态”的动词；Appear,look,seem等表示“看起来”，“好象”的动词；Feel,smell,sound,taste等表示“实感”的动词； EXERCISEFillintheblankswiththeappropriateverbsgiven:lookingremainsoundsbecameseemWhenyoulistencarefully,hisstory___true.Youshoulddresswarmlybecausethewetherwill____coldforthenextfewdays.Johnthinkshisnewneighbours___verypleasant.Afterhestoppedworking,hisphysicalcondition____worse.Thestudentinthebackrowwas____sleepy. SV和SVO结构及物动词(transitiveverb)与不及物动词(intransitiveverb)enjoy,ignore,complete(vt.)arrive,struggle,vanish(vi.)e.g.Suddenlytheprocesstionstopped.(SV)Thepolicestoppedtheprocession.(SVO) SVA与SVOA结构SV和SVO结构后跟有状语构成SVA与SVOAe.g.Thesunhasset.Thesunsetinthewest.e.g.Hashetakenaseat?Ishetakingthechairout? 几个词形相似容易混淆的动词及物动词lay(laid,laid,laying)e.g.Annlaidthebookonthedesk.raise(raised,raised,raising)e.g.Thefarmerraisedthepriceofvegetable.shine(shined,shined,shining)e.g.Ishinedmyshoesyesterday.不及物动词lie(lay,lain,lying)e.g.Thebookislyingonthedesk.rise(rose,risen,rising)e.g.Pricesarerising.shine(shone,shone,shining)e.g.Ipolishedmyshoestilltheyshone. EXERCISECirclethecorrectoneofthetwowordsinthebracketsThedifficulty(laid,lay)inthelackoftime.Youcansitonthatbigrockthatis(lying,laying)onthebankoverthere.We(lay,laid)theblameonourselves.Ifhertemperature(rises,raises),callthedoctor.Ifthecostofliving(raises,rises),thecompanywill(raise,rise)thewages.Themoon(shined,shone)intomyroom.Heoften(shines,shone)hisshoesbeforegooingout. SVOiOd结构SVOiOd结构的语序间接宾语后移时,必须在它的前面加to,for等介词;e.g.Anngaveabeautifuldolltoherdaughter.Annmadeabeautifuldollforherdaughter.2.直接宾语为代词,必须紧跟在动词后面;e.g.Themotherboughtitforthegirl.Themotherboughtitforher.3.少数动词只有一种语序e.g.Therepairmanchargedmetendollars.Therepairmanchargedtendollarstomyaccount. SVOCo结构宾语补语的构成情况TheteamchoseTomcaptain.(名词)Heprovedherwrong.(形容词)Isupposedhimupstairs.(副词)Theyconsideredheraboveothers.(介词短语)WebeliveTomtobeafineplayer.(不定式)IfoundJohnsleeping.(ING形式)Shethoughtthehousedeserted.(分词)常用于SVOCo结构中的动词有:appoint,believe,call,catch,choose,consider,declare,elect,fancy,feel,find,hear,imagine,judge,keep,know,leave,make,name,need,nominated,prefer,prove,see,selct,suppose,think,vote… EXERCISEFillineachblankwilanappropriatewordorpharsegivenbelow:medium,over,free,speechless,tobereliable,economicadviser,repairedimmediately,smokingintheplayground,mildDicksetthecagedanimals___.ThegrouphasappointedMrJonesas____.Iprefermysteak____.Thechairmanhasdeclaredthemeeting____.IknowJane_____.Theboy’ssharpremarklefttheteacher____.Ateachercaughtthem_____.Iwantthiswatch_____.Ifindtheclimateher____.