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大学英语语法与练习CollegeEnglishGrammarandExercise
基本句型BasicSentencePatternsSVC(主—动—主补)SV(主—动)SVO(主—动—宾)SVOiOd(主—动—间宾—直宾)SVOCo(主—动—宾—宾补)
主语(subject)名词与名词词组做主语代词、数词、不定式(短语)、动词ING形式、名词从句做主语“the+形容词/ed分词”也可作为名词词组做主语
谓语(predicate)动词/动词词组及其后续成分作谓语Hisgreatestpleasureishelpingothers(连系动词+主语补语)Thecrowdcheered.(不及物动词)Theburntchildfearsthefire.(及物动词+宾语)Theboygavemealetter.(及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语)Ithoughtthisactionunnecessary.(及物动词+宾语+宾主补语)Theyweresittingthefireplace.(及物动词+状语)Hewillhavereceivedtheletterbynow.(及物动词+宾语+状语)
SVC结构主语补语构成Necessityisthemotherofinvention.(名词词组)Who’sthis?It’sme.(代词)Onefromthreeistwo.(数词)Thefoodissweet.(形容词)Tomisnotin.(副词)Grannyisingoodhealth.(介词短语)Myintentionwastohelphim.(不定式短语)Theimportantthingisknowingwhattodo.(动词ING)Weareallconcernedabouthersafety.(分词短语)Thequestionunderdiscussionnowiswheretheyshouldbuildthefactory.(名词从语)
SVC结构连系动词(LinkVerb)become,come,fall,get,go,grow,run,turn等表示“变得”,“成为”的动词;Continue,hold,keep,lie,remain,stand,stay等表示“保持着某一状态”的动词;Appear,look,seem等表示“看起来”,“好象”的动词;Feel,smell,sound,taste等表示“实感”的动词;
EXERCISEFillintheblankswiththeappropriateverbsgiven:lookingremainsoundsbecameseemWhenyoulistencarefully,hisstory___true.Youshoulddresswarmlybecausethewetherwill____coldforthenextfewdays.Johnthinkshisnewneighbours___verypleasant.Afterhestoppedworking,hisphysicalcondition____worse.Thestudentinthebackrowwas____sleepy.
SV和SVO结构及物动词(transitiveverb)与不及物动词(intransitiveverb)enjoy,ignore,complete(vt.)arrive,struggle,vanish(vi.)e.g.Suddenlytheprocesstionstopped.(SV)Thepolicestoppedtheprocession.(SVO)
SVA与SVOA结构SV和SVO结构后跟有状语构成SVA与SVOAe.g.Thesunhasset.Thesunsetinthewest.e.g.Hashetakenaseat?Ishetakingthechairout?
几个词形相似容易混淆的动词及物动词lay(laid,laid,laying)e.g.Annlaidthebookonthedesk.raise(raised,raised,raising)e.g.Thefarmerraisedthepriceofvegetable.shine(shined,shined,shining)e.g.Ishinedmyshoesyesterday.不及物动词lie(lay,lain,lying)e.g.Thebookislyingonthedesk.rise(rose,risen,rising)e.g.Pricesarerising.shine(shone,shone,shining)e.g.Ipolishedmyshoestilltheyshone.
EXERCISECirclethecorrectoneofthetwowordsinthebracketsThedifficulty(laid,lay)inthelackoftime.Youcansitonthatbigrockthatis(lying,laying)onthebankoverthere.We(lay,laid)theblameonourselves.Ifhertemperature(rises,raises),callthedoctor.Ifthecostofliving(raises,rises),thecompanywill(raise,rise)thewages.Themoon(shined,shone)intomyroom.Heoften(shines,shone)hisshoesbeforegooingout.
SVOiOd结构SVOiOd结构的语序间接宾语后移时,必须在它的前面加to,for等介词;e.g.Anngaveabeautifuldolltoherdaughter.Annmadeabeautifuldollforherdaughter.2.直接宾语为代词,必须紧跟在动词后面;e.g.Themotherboughtitforthegirl.Themotherboughtitforher.3.少数动词只有一种语序e.g.Therepairmanchargedmetendollars.Therepairmanchargedtendollarstomyaccount.
SVOCo结构宾语补语的构成情况TheteamchoseTomcaptain.(名词)Heprovedherwrong.(形容词)Isupposedhimupstairs.(副词)Theyconsideredheraboveothers.(介词短语)WebeliveTomtobeafineplayer.(不定式)IfoundJohnsleeping.(ING形式)Shethoughtthehousedeserted.(分词)常用于SVOCo结构中的动词有:appoint,believe,call,catch,choose,consider,declare,elect,fancy,feel,find,hear,imagine,judge,keep,know,leave,make,name,need,nominated,prefer,prove,see,selct,suppose,think,vote…
EXERCISEFillineachblankwilanappropriatewordorpharsegivenbelow:medium,over,free,speechless,tobereliable,economicadviser,repairedimmediately,smokingintheplayground,mildDicksetthecagedanimals___.ThegrouphasappointedMrJonesas____.Iprefermysteak____.Thechairmanhasdeclaredthemeeting____.IknowJane_____.Theboy’ssharpremarklefttheteacher____.Ateachercaughtthem_____.Iwantthiswatch_____.Ifindtheclimateher____.