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  • 2022-06-17 16:01:59 发布

大学英语语法讲座_虚拟语气

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在虚拟条件句中:(一)三种基本形式:1)与现在事实相反的假设If…V.ed, ...wouldshouldmightcould+VIf  youkneweverythingnow,youwouldnotbesoangrywithhim.2)与将来事实相反的假设①If…V.ed, ...wouldshouldmightcould+V②Should+V…③Wereto+V…   Ifhehadenoughmoneynextyear,hemightgoabroadsoon.3)与过去事实相反的假设If…+had+V.ed, ...wouldshouldmightcould+have+V.edIfIhadknownhisnumber,Imighthavetelephonedhimyesterday. Forexamples:1.Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldnothavefailedintheexperimentsomanytimes.2.Theywouldhavegotsometicketsthatnightiftheyhadgottotheticketsofficeearly.3.Ifyouhadspokentohimlasttimeyousawhim,youwouldknowwhattodonow.4.IfIwereyou,Iwouldnothavemadesomanymistakeslastnight4 (二)几种特殊形式:1).省略“if”引起倒装:将were/had/should提前1.IfIwereyou,Imightchoosethisone.WereIyou,Imightchoosethisone.2.IfIhadknownhisnumber,Imighthavetelephonedhimyesterday.HadIknownhisnumber,Imighthavetelephonedhimyesterday.2).otherwise,butfor,without,butthat,exceptfor,only,but,or…1.Withoutelectricitywewoulddonothing.2.Butforyourhelp,wecouldnothavefinishedthetasksowell.3.Icaughtherbythehand.Otherwiseshewouldhavefallenintothesea.4.____hewasseriouslyill,Iwouldnothavetoldhimthetruth.a)IfIknew           b)ifIknow c) HadIknown       d)DidIknow5.            Wecouldnothavefulfilledthetaskintimeifit----------fortheirhelp.a)wasnot           b)isnot c)hadnotbeen   d)hasnotbeen3).在表示祈愿的动词wish后:①对现在的虚拟要用V.ed;②对将来的虚拟要用could/might/would/should+V;③对过去的虚拟要用had+V.ed或could/ might/would/should have +V.ed;4 如:I wish I had bought the house. I wish you could have passed the test. He wishes he were my age. We wish you would try again. Theboywisheshehadwings.Howshewishesshehadn’tlefthome!4).在It’s(high)time结构后:V.edIt’shightimeyoulefthomeforwork.It’stimeforyoutoleavehometowork.5).在‘drather后:wouldrather,wouldsooner,hadrather也用来表达主观愿望,谓语动词用过去式表示现在或将来,用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反。表示"宁愿做什么"或"对过去做的事的懊悔"。We’dratheryoulivedfarawayfromus.We’dratherwehadn’tbeentherebefore.6).在表示祈愿的ifonly后:谓语动词用过去式或过去完成式(谓语动词与wish宾语从句的虚拟形式相同).If only you hadn’t told Linda what I said.IfonlyIknewhowtodoit.Ifonlytheyhadn’tmadesuchamistake.7).在asif,asthough引导的从句中与wish后的从句基本相同Hetalkedaboutthemoonasthoughhehadbeenthere.8)在表示建议、命令、要求、忠告等动词的后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气……(should)V…..4 表示"要求"的:ask,desire,request,demand,require,beg表示"提议、劝告、建议"的:move,propose,suggest,recommend,advise,vote表示"决定、命令"的:decide,order表示"主张"的:maintain,urge表示"同意、坚持"的:insistThedoctorsuggestedthathe(should)trytolosehisweight.Heinsistedthatwe(should)tellhimthenews.9).Itiswas+adj.p.p+that……(should)V…..necessary,desirable,essential,advisable,important,requested,suggested,insisted……TherewasasuggestionthatBrowns(should)bedroppedfromtheteam.It ismostdesirablethathe--------fortheinformationbyhimselfwithafewclicksonline.A.search   b.searched C.hassearched   d.willsearched10).lest,forfearthat,incase引导的目的状语从句,表示"以防,以免"等意思,其谓语动词多由should+动词原形构成,should也可省略。Pleasebringanumbrellawithyoulestit(should)rain.Sheputthecoatoverherdaughterforfearthatsheshouldcatchcold.4