大学英语语法讲座_虚拟语气 4页

在虚拟条件句中：(一)三种基本形式：1)与现在事实相反的假设If…V.ed, ...wouldshouldmightcould+VIf  youkneweverythingnow,youwouldnotbesoangrywithhim.2)与将来事实相反的假设①If…V.ed, ...wouldshouldmightcould+V②Should+V…③Wereto+V…   Ifhehadenoughmoneynextyear,hemightgoabroadsoon.3)与过去事实相反的假设If…+had+V.ed, ...wouldshouldmightcould+have+V.edIfIhadknownhisnumber,Imighthavetelephonedhimyesterday. Forexamples:1.Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldnothavefailedintheexperimentsomanytimes.2.Theywouldhavegotsometicketsthatnightiftheyhadgottotheticketsofficeearly.3.Ifyouhadspokentohimlasttimeyousawhim,youwouldknowwhattodonow.4.IfIwereyou,Iwouldnothavemadesomanymistakeslastnight4 (二)几种特殊形式：1）．省略“if”引起倒装:将were/had/should提前1．IfIwereyou,Imightchoosethisone.WereIyou,Imightchoosethisone.2．IfIhadknownhisnumber,Imighthavetelephonedhimyesterday.HadIknownhisnumber,Imighthavetelephonedhimyesterday.2）．otherwise,butfor,without,butthat,exceptfor,only,but,or…1.Withoutelectricitywewoulddonothing.2.Butforyourhelp,wecouldnothavefinishedthetasksowell.3.Icaughtherbythehand.Otherwiseshewouldhavefallenintothesea.4．____hewasseriouslyill,Iwouldnothavetoldhimthetruth.a)IfIknew           b)ifIknow c) HadIknown       d)DidIknow5．            Wecouldnothavefulfilledthetaskintimeifit----------fortheirhelp.a)wasnot           b)isnot c)hadnotbeen   d)hasnotbeen3）．在表示祈愿的动词wish后：①对现在的虚拟要用V.ed；②对将来的虚拟要用could/might/would/should+V;③对过去的虚拟要用had+V.ed或could/　might/would/should　have　+V.ed；4 如：I　wish　I　had　bought　the　house.　I　wish　you　could　have　passed　the　test.　He　wishes　he　were　my　age.　We　wish　you　would　try　again.　Theboywisheshehadwings.Howshewishesshehadn’tlefthome!4）．在It’s(high)time结构后：V.edIt’shightimeyoulefthomeforwork.It’stimeforyoutoleavehometowork.5）．在‘drather后：wouldrather,wouldsooner,hadrather也用来表达主观愿望,谓语动词用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反。表示"宁愿做什么"或"对过去做的事的懊悔"。We’dratheryoulivedfarawayfromus.We’dratherwehadn’tbeentherebefore.6）．在表示祈愿的ifonly后：谓语动词用过去式或过去完成式(谓语动词与wish宾语从句的虚拟形式相同).If　only　you　hadn’t　told　Linda　what　I　said.IfonlyIknewhowtodoit.Ifonlytheyhadn’tmadesuchamistake.7）．在asif,asthough引导的从句中与wish后的从句基本相同Hetalkedaboutthemoonasthoughhehadbeenthere.8）在表示建议、命令、要求、忠告等动词的后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气……(should)V…..4 表示"要求"的：ask,desire,request,demand,require,beg表示"提议、劝告、建议"的：move,propose,suggest,recommend,advise,vote表示"决定、命令"的：decide,order表示"主张"的：maintain,urge表示"同意、坚持"的:insistThedoctorsuggestedthathe(should)trytolosehisweight.Heinsistedthatwe(should)tellhimthenews.9）．Itiswas+adj.p.p+that……(should)V…..necessary,desirable,essential,advisable,important,requested,suggested,insisted……TherewasasuggestionthatBrowns(should)bedroppedfromtheteam.It ismostdesirablethathe--------fortheinformationbyhimselfwithafewclicksonline.A.search   b.searched C.hassearched   d.willsearched10）．lest,forfearthat,incase引导的目的状语从句,表示"以防，以免"等意思，其谓语动词多由should＋动词原形构成，should也可省略。Pleasebringanumbrellawithyoulestit(should)rain.Sheputthecoatoverherdaughterforfearthatsheshouldcatchcold.4