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  • 2022-06-17 16:02:10 发布

高中英语语法九.简单句、并列句

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语法框架图一、句法:1、按使用目的分:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句.2、按其结构可以分:简单句五种基本句型并列句复合句定语从句状语从句名词性从句(主语、宾语、表语、同位语从句) 3、倒装句(全部倒装部分倒装)4、虚拟语气(三种基本结构以及错综条件句)5、非谓语动词(功能,尤其是现在分词与过去分词的用法)6、主谓一致 二、词法:7、名词结构(可数与不可数名词,不可数名词前加不定冠词的用法)8、动词的时态和语态(8种常用时态的熟练掌握,特别注意语境)9、情态动词(特别注意表推测和不表推测的情态动词的用法)10、代词(几组代词的比较)11、形容词与副词(相似形容词和副词的比较,倍数表达法) 句法知识 1.Realityisnotthewayyouwishthingstobe,northewaytheyappeartobe,butthewaytheyactuallyare.2.Inthesilenceforthepauses,wecouldheareachother’sbreathingandcouldalmostbearourownheartbeats.Step1分析下列句子 3.Polarbearslivemostlyonseaice,whichtheyuseasaplatformforhuntingseals.4.Thebiggestproblemformostplants,whichcan’tjustgetupandrunawaywhenthreatened,isthatanimalsliketoeatthem. Step2句子的种类(一)按使用目的可分为:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句.1)陈述句:说明一个事实或陈述一种看法.光比声速度快.这部电影很乏味.Lighttravelsfasterthansound.(说明事实)Thefilmisratherboring.(说明看法) 2)疑问句:提出问题,有以下四种:A.一般疑问句:你能按时完成工作吗?B.特殊疑问句:什么使得你如此伤心?你怎么知道那件事?C.选择疑问句:你是要茶还是要咖啡?D.反意疑问句:他不认识她,对不对?Canyoufinishtheworkintime?Howdoyouknowthat?Doyouwantteaorcoffee?Hedoesn"tknowher,doeshe?Whatmadeyousoupset? 3)祈使句:提出请求,建议或发出命令,省略主语you的句子。Workhard,andyouwillsucceed.4)感叹句:表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪.由how和what引导好好干,你就会成功的。多好的消息啊!Whatgoodnewsitis!Howgoodthenewsis! (二)句子按其结构可以分为:简单句、并列句、复合句.判断下列句式BothmywifeandIarefromBeijing.Myfatherandmothergotoworkat7inthemorning.HelikesplayingbasketballwhileIlikeplayingvolleyball.Remembertowritetoyourparentsassoonasyougetthere.简单句简单句 简单句简单句简单句e.Peterreceivedaletterjustnowsayinghisgrandmawouldcometoseehimsoon.f.Nopersonshallsmokeorcarryalightedcigarette,cigarorpipeinthisarea.”g.Thechildrenwenthomefromthegrammarschool,theirlessonsfinishedfortheday. (二)句子按其结构可以分为:简单句、并列句、复合句.1)简单句:只含一个主谓结构.她喜欢集邮.2)并列句:含两或两个以上主谓结构,句间由并列连词或分号连接.食物很精美,但他却没什么胃口.3)复合句:含一个主句和一个或几个从句,从句由从属连词引导.我们到达电影院的时候,电影已经开演了.Sheisfondofcollectingstamps.Thefoodwasgood,buthehadlittleappetite.Thefilmhadbegunwhenwegottothecinema. 简单句 1)主+动(SV)2)主+系+表(SVP)3)主+动+宾(SVO)4)主+动+间宾+直宾(SVOiOd)5)主+动+宾+补(SVOC)6)Therebe句型六种基本句型 Youaresittingonthetrainhome.Therecomesthebus!Theego’spotentialforexpansionislimitless.BreckenridgehoststheinternationalSnowSculptureChampionships.Thereexistedanationintheocean.Ourneighborsgaveusababybirdyesterday.Wethinkitourdutytostudywell.主+动(SV)主+动(SV)主+系+表(SVP)主+动+宾(SVO)Therebe句型主+动+间宾+直宾(SVOiOd)主+动+宾+补(SVOC)判断下列句子属于何种句式. ExercisesWhatlovelychildrenare!Whatafineweatheritis!Thereusedtohaveanoldtempleoverthere.Comehereamoment,doyou?Totrysomeofthisjuice---perhapsyou’lllikeit.Mayyouhappy!Tom,cleansthewindowthisafternoon.Helookedsadatme.改错:theyare!bewillbehappy!cleansadly (三)基本句型:英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由以下五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的:1)主+动(SV)Iwork.2)主+系+表(SVP)Thingsaregettingbetter.Sheturneddoctor.表状态存在的系动词:be,seem,appear,prove,look,smell,taste,sound,feel表状态延续:remain,stay,keep,continue表状态变化:become,grow,get,come,go,turn 3)主+动+宾(SVO)ShestudiesEnglish.4)主+动+间宾+直宾(SVOiOd)Mymothermademeanewdress.双及物动词有:give,send,teach,bring,show,tell,make,sing,sell,readetc. 5)主+动+宾+补(SVOC)Isawhimcomeintothehouseyesterday.能带宾补的动词:1)感官动词:see,watch,lookat,observe,notice,feel,find,hear,listento2)使让动词:have,make,let,get,force3)其它:want,wishexpect,allow,permit,forbid,ask,order,adviseetc. 1英语句子必须有谓语动词。他像他爸爸。这本书值得一读。我反对你的意见。五种基本句型的推导:2一个句子内有且只有一个动词充当谓语(并列谓语除外),其余动词应为非谓语或从句的谓语。他给我一些水喝。Heislikehisfather.Thebookisworthreading.I’magainstyou.Hegavemesomewatertodrink. 3英语的任何句子都由五种基本句型构成。它是我们判断句子正确与否的标准,是英语写作、阅读的基础。4注意基本句型与习惯表达。今天我玩得很开心。时间不够了。TodayIplayedhappily.Ihadagoodtimetoday.Timewasnotenough.Wehadnotenoughtime. Homework1).Whatmakesastudyscientificisnot,ofcourse,thenatureofthethingswithwhichitisconcernedbutthemethodbywhichitdealswiththesethings.2).WhenMr.Jonesgotback,heimmediatelywenttosleeponthelivingroomsofawiththe“Newofworld”overhisface.Analyzethesentences. Revision 1.把下列简单句按基本句型分类:Nobodyishere./2.Hepassedmeacupoftea./3.Tomdoesn’tknowthepopstar./4.Mymotherstaysathome./5.Themilktastesgood./6.Thecarcaughtfire./7.Theteacherhastoldmethefact./8.Heisreadingabook./9.Hegavemealectureyesterday./10.Sheisveryfriendly./11.Icanswim./12.Ihavehadagoodtime/13.Ifoundhimtalking./14.ThisEnglishbookisveryinteresting.主+谓:()主+谓+宾:()主+系+表:()主+谓+双宾:()主+谓+宾+宾补:()4,11,3,6,8,121,5,10,142,7,913 2.更正下列句子的错误1.Hecametheroom.2.Themusicsounds.3.Ihaveseen.4.Hegaveapenme.5.Thebossmadetheboytoworkhard.6.Myfatherboughtabooktome.1.Hecameintotheroom2.Themusicsoundswonderful3.Ihaveseenthefilm.4.Hegaveapentome.5.Thebossmadetheboyworkhard.6.Myfatherboughtabookforme. 3.翻译下列句子并分析句子结构:1.我经常在早晨读英语。2.玛丽是个聪明的学生。3.我的老师交给我一封信4.我母亲经常叫我努力学习。5.我们叫我们的老师王先生6.他正在房里做家庭作业。1.IoftenreadEnglishinthemorning.2.Maryisacleverstudent.3.Myteachergavemealetter.4.Mymotheroftenasksmetostudyhard.5.WecallourteacherMr.Wang.6.Heisdoinghishomeworkintheroom.主+谓+宾主+系+表主+谓+双宾主+谓+宾+宾补主+谓+宾+宾补主+谓+宾 并列句把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来的句子。 四种类型1.由and,notonly…butalso…,neither…nor…,then…连接;表同等概念。Notonlydothenurseswantapayincrease,butalsotheywantreducedhours.2.由either…or…,or,otherwise等连接;表选择EithersheleavesorIwill.3.由but,still,yet,however,while,when,whereas,nevertheless等连接;表转折。Mymotherlikescoffeewhilemyfatherlikestea.4.由so,for,therefore等连接;表因果。Hefounditdifficulttoread,forhiseyeswerefailing. 注意逻辑关系1.Givehimaninchhe’lltakeanell.A.butB.andC.forD.so2.didthestudentsdance,theirteachersang.A.Neither…or…B.Either…or…C.Both…and…D.Notonly…butalso…3.Feathersfalltothegroundslowlystonesfallmuchfaster.A.andB.whileC.butD.yet4.Wemustgetupearlytomorrow,we’llmissthefirstbustotheGreat.A.howeverB.butC.orD.so 6.Ithoughtwe’dbelatefortheconcert,______weendedupgettingthereaheadoftime.7.SearchthewebsiteoftheFireDepartmentinyourcity,_____youwilllearnalotaboutFirefighting.8.Theyweresurprisedthatachildshouldworkouttheproblem_____theythemselvescouldn’t.butandwhile5.Heworkedhard,hefailed.A.whileB.andC.soD.yet9.Iwasjustabouttoliedowntorest_______Isawasnakeinthegrass.when 句子的连接和标点符号 1、句号连接两个并列句子,第二个句子的首字母大写。MynameisTom.Iamfive.2、分号连接两个并列分句,第二个句子的首字母不大写。Tomisfive;hestudiesinaprimaryschool.3、引号前用逗号而不用冒号,英语中没有书名号。Tomsaid,“ThemovieTitaniciswonderful!” 重点:逗号的运用。1、逗号连接内部结构,即句子的状语(从句),定语(从句),同位语(从句)插入语等。1).Sinceheisillheisabsent.2).Tosaveclasstimeourteacherhasusstudentsdohalfoftheexercisesinclass.3).Polarbearslivemostlyonseaicewhichtheyuseasaplatformforhuntingseals.4).Theworkersmostofthemwomenarefromthecountry.请为下列句子加上逗号。,,,,, 2.逗号加连词相当于句号,连接两个并列句子。Iamfive,andIstudyinaprimaryschool. Translatethesentences(注意标点):我走进教室,看见他正在读书,我没有打扰他,拿了书就出了教室。WhenIcameintotheclassroom,Isawhimreading.Itookmybookandwentout,withoutinterruptinghim. Thankyou!