高中英语语法九.简单句、并列句 36页

语法框架图一、句法：1、按使用目的分：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句.2、按其结构可以分:简单句五种基本句型并列句复合句定语从句状语从句名词性从句（主语、宾语、表语、同位语从句） 3、倒装句(全部倒装部分倒装）4、虚拟语气（三种基本结构以及错综条件句）5、非谓语动词（功能，尤其是现在分词与过去分词的用法）6、主谓一致 二、词法：7、名词结构（可数与不可数名词，不可数名词前加不定冠词的用法）8、动词的时态和语态（8种常用时态的熟练掌握，特别注意语境）9、情态动词（特别注意表推测和不表推测的情态动词的用法）10、代词（几组代词的比较）11、形容词与副词（相似形容词和副词的比较，倍数表达法） 句法知识 1.Realityisnotthewayyouwishthingstobe,northewaytheyappeartobe,butthewaytheyactuallyare.2.Inthesilenceforthepauses,wecouldheareachother’sbreathingandcouldalmostbearourownheartbeats.Step1分析下列句子 3.Polarbearslivemostlyonseaice,whichtheyuseasaplatformforhuntingseals.4.Thebiggestproblemformostplants,whichcan’tjustgetupandrunawaywhenthreatened,isthatanimalsliketoeatthem. Step2句子的种类（一）按使用目的可分为:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句.1）陈述句:说明一个事实或陈述一种看法.光比声速度快.这部电影很乏味.Lighttravelsfasterthansound.（说明事实）Thefilmisratherboring.（说明看法） 2）疑问句:提出问题,有以下四种:A.一般疑问句:你能按时完成工作吗？B.特殊疑问句:什么使得你如此伤心？你怎么知道那件事？C.选择疑问句:你是要茶还是要咖啡？D.反意疑问句:他不认识她,对不对？Canyoufinishtheworkintime?Howdoyouknowthat?Doyouwantteaorcoffee?Hedoesn"tknowher,doeshe?Whatmadeyousoupset? 3）祈使句:提出请求,建议或发出命令，省略主语you的句子。Workhard,andyouwillsucceed.4）感叹句:表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪.由how和what引导好好干，你就会成功的。多好的消息啊！Whatgoodnewsitis!Howgoodthenewsis! （二）句子按其结构可以分为:简单句、并列句、复合句.判断下列句式BothmywifeandIarefromBeijing.Myfatherandmothergotoworkat7inthemorning.HelikesplayingbasketballwhileIlikeplayingvolleyball.Remembertowritetoyourparentsassoonasyougetthere.简单句简单句 简单句简单句简单句e.Peterreceivedaletterjustnowsayinghisgrandmawouldcometoseehimsoon.f.Nopersonshallsmokeorcarryalightedcigarette，cigarorpipeinthisarea．”g.Thechildrenwenthomefromthegrammarschool,theirlessonsfinishedfortheday. （二）句子按其结构可以分为:简单句、并列句、复合句.1）简单句:只含一个主谓结构.她喜欢集邮.2）并列句:含两或两个以上主谓结构,句间由并列连词或分号连接.食物很精美,但他却没什么胃口.3）复合句:含一个主句和一个或几个从句,从句由从属连词引导.我们到达电影院的时候,电影已经开演了.Sheisfondofcollectingstamps.Thefoodwasgood,buthehadlittleappetite.Thefilmhadbegunwhenwegottothecinema. 简单句 1）主+动（SV）2）主+系+表（SVP）3）主+动+宾（SVO）4）主+动+间宾+直宾（SVOiOd）5）主+动+宾+补（SVOC）6）Therebe句型六种基本句型 Youaresittingonthetrainhome.Therecomesthebus!Theego’spotentialforexpansionislimitless.BreckenridgehoststheinternationalSnowSculptureChampionships.Thereexistedanationintheocean.Ourneighborsgaveusababybirdyesterday.Wethinkitourdutytostudywell.主+动（SV）主+动（SV）主+系+表（SVP）主+动+宾（SVO）Therebe句型主+动+间宾+直宾（SVOiOd）主+动+宾+补（SVOC）判断下列句子属于何种句式． ExercisesWhatlovelychildrenare!Whatafineweatheritis!Thereusedtohaveanoldtempleoverthere.Comehereamoment,doyou?Totrysomeofthisjuice---perhapsyou’lllikeit.Mayyouhappy!Tom,cleansthewindowthisafternoon.Helookedsadatme.改错：theyare!bewillbehappy!cleansadly （三）基本句型:英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由以下五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的:1）主+动（SV）Iwork.2）主+系+表（SVP）Thingsaregettingbetter.Sheturneddoctor.表状态存在的系动词：be,seem,appear,prove,look,smell,taste,sound,feel表状态延续：remain,stay,keep,continue表状态变化：become,grow,get,come,go,turn 3）主+动+宾（SVO）ShestudiesEnglish.4）主+动+间宾+直宾（SVOiOd）Mymothermademeanewdress.双及物动词有：give,send,teach,bring,show,tell,make,sing,sell,readetc. 5）主+动+宾+补（SVOC）Isawhimcomeintothehouseyesterday.能带宾补的动词：1）感官动词：see,watch,lookat,observe,notice,feel,find,hear,listento2）使让动词：have,make,let,get,force3）其它：want,wishexpect,allow,permit,forbid,ask,order,adviseetc. 1英语句子必须有谓语动词。他像他爸爸。这本书值得一读。我反对你的意见。五种基本句型的推导：2一个句子内有且只有一个动词充当谓语（并列谓语除外），其余动词应为非谓语或从句的谓语。他给我一些水喝。Heislikehisfather.Thebookisworthreading.I’magainstyou.Hegavemesomewatertodrink. 3英语的任何句子都由五种基本句型构成。它是我们判断句子正确与否的标准，是英语写作、阅读的基础。4注意基本句型与习惯表达。今天我玩得很开心。时间不够了。TodayIplayedhappily.Ihadagoodtimetoday.Timewasnotenough.Wehadnotenoughtime. Homework1).Whatmakesastudyscientificisnot,ofcourse,thenatureofthethingswithwhichitisconcernedbutthemethodbywhichitdealswiththesethings.2).WhenMr.Jonesgotback,heimmediatelywenttosleeponthelivingroomsofawiththe“Newofworld”overhisface.Analyzethesentences. Revision 1.把下列简单句按基本句型分类：Nobodyishere./2.Hepassedmeacupoftea./3.Tomdoesn’tknowthepopstar./4.Mymotherstaysathome./5.Themilktastesgood./6.Thecarcaughtfire./7.Theteacherhastoldmethefact./8.Heisreadingabook./9.Hegavemealectureyesterday./10.Sheisveryfriendly./11.Icanswim./12.Ihavehadagoodtime/13.Ifoundhimtalking./14.ThisEnglishbookisveryinteresting.主+谓：（）主+谓+宾：（）主+系+表：()主+谓+双宾：()主+谓+宾+宾补：()4,11,3,6,8,121,5,10,142,7,913 2.更正下列句子的错误1.Hecametheroom.2.Themusicsounds.3.Ihaveseen.4.Hegaveapenme.5.Thebossmadetheboytoworkhard.6.Myfatherboughtabooktome.1.Hecameintotheroom2.Themusicsoundswonderful3.Ihaveseenthefilm.4.Hegaveapentome.5.Thebossmadetheboyworkhard.6.Myfatherboughtabookforme. 3.翻译下列句子并分析句子结构：1.我经常在早晨读英语。2.玛丽是个聪明的学生。3.我的老师交给我一封信4.我母亲经常叫我努力学习。5.我们叫我们的老师王先生6.他正在房里做家庭作业。1.IoftenreadEnglishinthemorning.2.Maryisacleverstudent.3.Myteachergavemealetter.4.Mymotheroftenasksmetostudyhard.5.WecallourteacherMr.Wang.6.Heisdoinghishomeworkintheroom.主+谓+宾主+系+表主+谓+双宾主+谓+宾+宾补主+谓+宾+宾补主+谓+宾 并列句把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来的句子。 四种类型1.由and,notonly…butalso…,neither…nor…,then…连接；表同等概念。Notonlydothenurseswantapayincrease,butalsotheywantreducedhours.2.由either…or…,or,otherwise等连接；表选择EithersheleavesorIwill.3.由but,still,yet,however,while,when,whereas,nevertheless等连接；表转折。Mymotherlikescoffeewhilemyfatherlikestea.4.由so,for,therefore等连接；表因果。Hefounditdifficulttoread,forhiseyeswerefailing. 注意逻辑关系1.Givehimaninchhe’lltakeanell.A.butB.andC.forD.so2.didthestudentsdance,theirteachersang.A.Neither…or…B.Either…or…C.Both…and…D.Notonly…butalso…3.Feathersfalltothegroundslowlystonesfallmuchfaster.A.andB.whileC.butD.yet4.Wemustgetupearlytomorrow,we’llmissthefirstbustotheGreat.A.howeverB.butC.orD.so 6.Ithoughtwe’dbelatefortheconcert,______weendedupgettingthereaheadoftime.7.SearchthewebsiteoftheFireDepartmentinyourcity,_____youwilllearnalotaboutFirefighting.8.Theyweresurprisedthatachildshouldworkouttheproblem_____theythemselvescouldn’t.butandwhile5.Heworkedhard,hefailed.A.whileB.andC.soD.yet9.Iwasjustabouttoliedowntorest_______Isawasnakeinthegrass.when 句子的连接和标点符号 1、句号连接两个并列句子，第二个句子的首字母大写。MynameisTom.Iamfive.2、分号连接两个并列分句，第二个句子的首字母不大写。Tomisfive;hestudiesinaprimaryschool.3、引号前用逗号而不用冒号，英语中没有书名号。Tomsaid,“ThemovieTitaniciswonderful!” 重点：逗号的运用。1、逗号连接内部结构，即句子的状语（从句），定语（从句），同位语（从句）插入语等。1).Sinceheisillheisabsent.2).Tosaveclasstimeourteacherhasusstudentsdohalfoftheexercisesinclass.3).Polarbearslivemostlyonseaicewhichtheyuseasaplatformforhuntingseals.4).Theworkersmostofthemwomenarefromthecountry.请为下列句子加上逗号。，，，，， 2.逗号加连词相当于句号，连接两个并列句子。Iamfive,andIstudyinaprimaryschool. Translatethesentences(注意标点）:我走进教室，看见他正在读书，我没有打扰他，拿了书就出了教室。WhenIcameintotheclassroom,Isawhimreading.Itookmybookandwentout,withoutinterruptinghim. Thankyou!