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2020年高考语法考点讲解与真题分析18非谓语动词(一) 非谓语动词是高考考查的最重要的内容之一。非谓语动词内容繁多,形式多样,很多学生深感头疼。其实,同学们只要从非谓语动词的作用与形式两个方面入手,非谓语动词的所有问题便可迎刃而解。1.非谓语动词的作用:非谓语动词可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。作用非谓语主语宾语表语定语状语补语不定式√√√√√√动名词√√√√分词√√√√2.非谓语动词的形式形式用法否定式在其前面加not等否定词一般式非谓语动词的动作与句子谓语动词的动作同时发生,或发生在其后完成式非谓语动词的动作发生在句子谓语动词的动作之前主动式非谓语动词的逻辑主语是非谓语动词动作的发出者被动式非谓语动词的逻辑主语是非谓语动词动作的承受者考点一非谓语动词作主语1.不定式和动名词作主语不定式和动名词都能作主语,动名词作主语表示比较抽象的、一般的动作;不定式则多表示更具体的某一次的动作,尤其是将来的动作。1._________tothinkcriticallyisanimportantskilltoday"schildrenwillneedforthefuture.(2019天津) A.LearnB.LearnedC.LearningD.Havinglearned【答案】C【解析】这里是作主语,用动名词;表示一般动作,用一般式。
2._________alongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingandrewardingexperience.(2018北京)A.TravelB.TravelingC.HavingtraveledD.Traveled【答案】B【解析】这里是作主语,用动名词;表示一般动作,用一般式。3.______anewhouseisimpossiblefortheyoungcouplebecausetheyhaven"tsavedenoughmoney.(2016江苏)A.BuyB.BuyingC.BoughtD.Havingbought【答案】B【解析】这里是作主语,用动名词;表示一般动作,用一般式。4.______thedifferencebetweenthetworesearchfindingswillbeoneoftheworstmistakesyoumake.(2015安徽)A.IgnoreB.IgnoringC.IgnoredD.Havingignored【答案】B【解析】这里是作主语,用动名词;表示一般动作,用一般式。5.________howothersreacttothebookyouhavejustreadcreatesanaddedpleasure.(2013浙江)AHearingBHearCHavingheardDTobehearing【答案】A【解析】这里是动名词作主语。6.________basicfirst-aidtechniqueswillhelpyourespondquicklytoemergencies.(2013福建)A.KnownB.HavingknownC.KnowingD.Beingknown【答案】C【解析】这里是动名词短语作主语。7.Hetolduswhether__________apicnicwasstillunderdiscussion.(2012四川)A.tohaveB.havingC.haveD.had【答案】A【解析】这里是“疑问词(whether)+不定式”在宾语从句中作主语。1.it作形式主语不定式作主语时,由于结构的需要,常用it作形式主语,而将不定式后置;动名词在个别结构中作主语时也可后置,主要有It’snouse/good/needdoingsth.等。1.Nomatterhowbrightatalkeryouare,therearetimeswhenit’sbetter______silent.(2012浙江)A.remainB.beremainingC.havingremainedD.toremain【答案】D
【解析】不定式作主语后置,it是形式主语。2.It’snouse______withouttakingaction.(2011上海)A.complainB.complainingC.beingcomplainedD.tobecomplained【答案】B【解析】it’snouse后接动名词;complain是不及物动词,故用主动式。3.Thedoctorthought______wouldbegoodforyoutohaveaholiday.(2010全国)A.thisB.thatC.oneD.it【答案】D【解析】thought后是一个宾语从句,从句的真正主语是不定式的复合结构foryoutohaveholiday,故用it作形式主语。考点二非谓语动词作宾语不定式和动名词都能作宾语。要牢记哪些动词只能跟不定式作宾语,哪些动词只能跟不定式作宾语,哪些动词既可以跟不定式,又可以跟动名词作宾语,但意思完全不同。1.不定式作宾语。以下动词只能接不定式作宾语:afford,agree,aim,appear,apply,arrange,beg,claim,decide,demand,desire,determine,expect,fail,happen,hope,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,seem,remain,strive,tend,threaten,undertake,volunteer,want,wish等;动词decide,discover,discuss,explain,know,learn,show,tell,think,understand,wonder等常跟“疑问词+不定式”作宾语。1.Ican’tstand____withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses____talkingwhilesheworks.(2006北京)A.working;stopping B.towork;stoppingC.working;tostop D.towork;tostop【答案】C【解析】stand后只能接动名词作宾语;refuse后只能接不定式作宾语。故选C。2.动名词作动词和介词的宾语以下动词只能接动名词作宾语:admit,advise,allow,appreciate,consider,delay,enjoy,escape,finish,forbid,imagine,keep,mind,miss,permit,practice,risk,stand,suggest,understand等。1.Thefilmstarwearsglasses.Thereforehecangoshoppingwithout______.(2014北京)A.recognizingB.beingrecognizedC.havingrecognizedD.havingbeenrecognized【答案】B【解析】介词wihtout后接动名词作宾语,逻辑主语与recognize之间是被动关系,故用动名词的不定式。
2.Youngpeoplemayrisk________deafiftheyareexposedtoveryloudmusicevery.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone【答案】C【解析】risk后接动名词作宾语,表示一般情况,故用一般式。3.Onelearnsaknowledgebymakingmistakesand______them.(2012北京) A.correctsB.correct C.tocorrect D.correcting【答案】D【解析】and连接两个并列的动名词作介词by的宾语。4.Billsuggested__________ameetingonwhattodofortheShanghaiExpoduringthevacation.(2010上海)A.havingheldB.toholdC.holdingD.hold【答案】C【解析】suggest后只能接动名词作宾语;动名词动作发生在句子谓语动词动作之后,用一般式。5.Ihearthey’vepromotedTom,buthedidn’tmention__________whenwetalkedonthephone.(2010江西)A.topromoteB.havingbeenpromotedC.havingpromotedD.tobepromoted【答案】B【解析】mention后只能接动名词作宾语;动名词动作发生在句子谓语动词动作之前,且与逻辑主语he之间是被动关系,故用动名词完成式的被动式。3.有些动词和固定短语既可跟不定式又可跟动名词,但意思完全不同。todo记住做…todo遗憾地要做…rememberregretdoing记得曾经做过…doing后悔做了…todo忘了做…todo尽力做…forgettrydoing忘记曾经做过…doing试着做…todo企(意)图做…todo停下正在做的事情去做另一件事meanstopdoing意味着…doing意味着…
todo做完一件事接着做另一件事goondoing不停地做同一件事1.AfterreceivingtheOscarforBestSupportingActress,AnneBenedictwenton________allthepeoplewhohadhelpedinhercareer.(2015陕西)A.tothankB.thankingC.havingthankedD.tohavethanked【答案】A【解析】获得奥斯卡最佳女配角奖之后,安妮.本尼迪科特接着感谢了所有在事业上帮助过她的人。这里表示做完一件事情接着做另一件事,应用goontodo。2.IrememberedthedoorbeforeIlefttheoffice,butforgottoturnoffthelights.(2012安徽)A.lockingB.tolockC.havinglockedD.tohavelocked【答案】B【解析】句意:我离开办公室的时候还记着要锁门,但是忘了关灯了。remember表示“记着要做某事”,后面要接不定式。3.Susanwantedtobeindependentofherparents.Shetried__________alone,butshedidn’tlikeitandmovedbackhome.(2010湖南)A.livingB.toliveC.tobelivingD.havinglived【答案】A【解析】try后接动名词表示“试着做”,后接不定式表示“尽力做”。根据上句可知本句应为“她想试着独立生活”,故用动名词。4.—Robertisindeedawiseman.—Oh,yes.HowoftenIhaveregretted__________hisadvice.(2010安徽)A.totakeB.takingC.nottotakeD.nottaking【答案】D【解析】regret后跟不定式表示“遗憾地……”,跟动名词表示“后悔做了某事”,根据句意“后悔没有采纳你的建议”可知,应用动名词的否定式。4.不定式或动名词作宾语,后面还有宾语补足语时,不定式或动名词要后置,而在宾语的位置用it作形式宾语。Wefeel_________ourdutytomakeourcountryabetterplace.(2011天津)A.itB.thisC.thatD.one
【答案】A【解析】it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语tomakeourcountryabetterplace。巩固练习1._____basicfirst-aidtechniqueswillhelpyourespondquicklytoemergencies.A.KnownB.HavingknownC.KnowingD.Beingknown【答案】A【解析】作主语,应用动名词;表示主动和一般情况,用一般式的主动式。2.__________feltfunnywatchingmyselfonTV.
A.OneB.ThisC.ItD.That【答案】C【解析】动名词短语watchingmyselfonTV作主语后置,用it作形式主语。3.Theparentssuggested__________inthehotelroombuttheirkidswereanxioustocampoutduringthetrip.A.sleepB.tosleepC.sleepingD.havingslept【答案】C【解析】suggest后接动名词作宾语;动名词的动作发生在句子谓语动词动作之后,用一般式。4.It’snecessarytobepreparedforajobinterview.__________theanswersreadywillbeofgreathelp.A.TohavehadB.HavinghadC.HaveD.Having【答案】D【解析】这里是非谓语动词短语作主语,且表示一般情况,故用动名词的一般式。5._______howothersreacttothebookyouhavejustreadcreatesanaddedpleasure.A.HearingB.HearC.HavingheardD.Tobehearing【答案】A【解析】作主语,应用动名词;表示一般情况,用一般式。6.—CanIsmokehere?—Sorry.Wedon’tallow__________.A.peoplesmokingB.peoplesmokeC.tosmokeD.smoking【答案】D【解析】suggest后只能接动名词作宾语。7.Ifyouthinkthattreatingawomanwellmeansalways__________herpermissionforthings,thinkagain.A.getsB.gotC.togetD.getting【答案】D【解析】mean后既可接不定式也可接动名词作宾语,接不定式表示“意图,打算”,接动名词表示“意味着”;根据句意“如果你认为对女人好就意味着一切事情都得经她允许,那你再想想吧。”可知,应用动名词。8.__________tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoone’sskin.A.ExposedB.HavingexposedC.BeingexposedD.Afterbeingexposed【答案】C
【解析】这里是非谓语动词短语作主语,且逻辑主语skin与expose是被动的关系,故用动名词的被动式。9.Thetwogirlsaresoalikethatstrangersfind______difficulttotellonefromtheother.A.itB.themC.herD.that【答案】A【解析】it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的不定式totellonefromtheother。10.Shortlyaftersufferingfromamassiveearthquakeandtoruins,thecitytookonanewlook.A.reducingB.reducedC.beingreducedD.havingreduced【答案】C【解析】and连接两个并列的动名词短语作after的宾语。Thecity和reduce之间是被动关系,故用动名词的被动式。