专题 非谓语动词（三）-2020年高考英语语法考点讲解与真题分析（解析版） 8页

2020年高考语法考点讲解与真题分析20非谓语动词（三）考点五非谓语动词作状语非谓语动词作状语是历年高考考查非谓语动词的重中之重，同学们应予以高度重视。不定式和分词都能作状语。首先判断用不定式还是分词，然后根据非谓语动词的逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致的原则判断不定式用主动式还是被动式，分词用现在分词还是过去分词。1．分词作状语分词主要作时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随、方式、结果等状语。1.Ordinarysoap,_________correctly,candealwithbacteriaeffectively.（2018北京）A.usedB.touseC.usingD.use【答案】A【解析】这里作条件状语，应用分词；逻辑主语soap与use之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。句意：如果使用得当，普通肥皂也可以有效除菌。2.______overaweekago,thebooksareexpectedtoarriveanytimenow.（2016北京）A.OrderingB.ToorderC.HavingorderedD.Ordered【答案】D【解析】这里作原因状语，应用分词；逻辑主语books与order之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。句意：书是一个星期前订的，所以随时会到。3.Likeancientsailors,birdscanfindtheirway________thesunandthestars.(2015重庆)A.usedB.havingusedC.usingD.use【答案】C【解析】这里是非谓语动词作方式状语，应用分词；逻辑主语birds与use是主动关系，故用现在分词。4.______fortwodays,Stevemanagedtofinishhisreportonschedule.(2015天津)A.ToworkB.WorkedC.TobeworkingD.Havingworked【答案】D【解析】这里作时间状语，应用分词；work是不及物动词，故用现在分词，分词动作发生在句子谓语动词动作之前，应用完成式。5.__________inpainting,Johndidn’tnoticeeveningapproaching.(2015天津) A.ToabsorbB.TobeabsorbedC.AbsorbedD.Absorbing【答案】C【解析】句意：由于专心画画，约翰没有注意到天色已晚。作原因状语，应用分词；John与absorb之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。6.WhenIwaslittle,mymotherusedtositbymybed,______mestoriestillItillasleep,(2013重庆)A.havingtoldB.tellingC.toldD.totell【答案】B【解析】这里是非谓语动词作伴随状语，应用分词；逻辑主语mymother与tell是主动关系，故用现在分词。7.______intoEnglish,thesentencewasfoundtohaveanentirelydifferentwordorder.(2011天津)A.TranslatingB.TranslatedC.TotranslateD.Havingtranslated答案：B。解析：非谓语动词作时间状语，应用分词。逻辑主语thesentence与translate之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。8.Though______toseeus,theprofessorgaveusawarmwelcome.(2010全国)A.surprisingB.wassurprisedC.surprisedD.beingsurprised【答案】C【解析】句意：虽然教授看见我们有些吃惊，但他还是热情地欢迎我们。分词作让步状语。分词与逻辑主语theprofessor之间是被动关系，应用过去分词。2．不定式作状语不定式主要作目的和结果状语。1.________theconvenienceofdigitalpayment,manyseniorcitizensstartedtousesmartphones.(2019天津)A.ToenjoyB.EnjoyingC.TohaveenjoyedD.Enjoy【答案】A【解析】句意：为了享受电子支付的便捷，很多老年人开始使用手机了。这里作目的状语，应用不定式。2.DuringtheMid-AutumnFestival,familymembersoftengathertogether_________ameal,admirethemoonandenjoymooncakes.（2018北京）A.shareB.toshareC.havingsharedD.shared【答案】B【解析】这里作目的状语，应用不定式。3.Manyairlinesnowallowpassengersprinttheirboardingpassesonline______theirvaluabletime.（2017北京） A.saveB.savingC.tosaveD.saved【答案】C【解析】这里作目的状语，应用不定式。4.iteasiertogetintouchwithus,you，dbetterkeepthiscardathand.（2016北京）A.MadeB.MakeC.MakingD.Tomake【答案】D【解析】这里作目的状语，应用不定式。5.________theearlyflight,weorderedataxiinadvanceandgotupveryearly.（2015北京）A.CatchingB.CaughtC.TocatchD.Catch【答案】C【解析】这里作目的状语，应用不定式。6.—Ihopetotakethecomputercourse.（2014四川）—Goodidea.________moreaboutit,visitthiswebsite.A.TofindoutB.FindingoutC.TobefindingoutD.Havingfoundout【答案】A【解析】这里作目的状语，应用不定式。注意：1.分词和不定式都可作结果状语，分词表示自然而然的结果，不定式则表示意想不到的结果。1.Around13,500newjobswerecreatedduringtheperiod,_____________theexpectednumberof12,000heldbymarketanalysts.(2018江苏)A.having exceededB.toexceedC.exceededD.exceeding【答案】D【解析】这里是结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，应用分词；exceed与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，故用现在分词。这一阶段创造了大约一万三千五百给新就业岗位，超过了市场分析预计的一万两千个。2.Thehospitalhasrecentlyobtainednewmedicalequipment,_____morepatientstobetreated.（2017天津）A.beingallowedB.allowingC.havingallowedD.allowed【答案】B【解析】作结果状语，应用分词；逻辑主语与allow是主动关系，应用现在分词。3.Thecoolingwindsweptthroughoutbedroomwindows,_________airconditioningunnecessary.（2016天津）A.makingB.tomakeC.madeD.beingmade 【答案】A【解析】作结果状语，应用分词；逻辑主语与make是主动关系，故用现在分词。4.Anxiously,shetookthedressoutofthepackageandtriediton,only_________itdidn’tfit.（2014天津）A.tofindB.foundC.findingD.havingfound【答案】A【解析】这里作结果状语，表示意想不到的结果，应用不定式。句意：她急切地从包裹中拿出裙子试了试，结果发现不合身。1.在作表语或补语的形容词后用不定式作状语，且用主动表示被动。如：1.Theoldmansatinfrontofthetelevisioneveryevening,happy_________anythingthathappenedtobeon.(2012全国)A.towatchB.watchingC.watchedD.tohavewatched【答案】A【解析】修饰形容词的状语应用不定式。2.Thismachineisveryeasy.Anybodycanlearntouseitinafewminutes.(2012辽宁)A.operatingB.tobeoperatingC.operatedD.tooperate【答案】D【解析】作表语的形容词后用不定式作状语，且用主动表示被动。3.ThedifferenceinthicknessandweightfromtheearlierversionmakestheiPad2morecomfortable_______.(2011福建)A.heldB.holdingC.beheldD.tohold【答案】D【解析】这里是修饰做做宾语补足语的形容词comfortable，要用不定式。2.有时，为了使非谓语动词表达的意义更加明确，在非谓语动词前加必要的连词。这种现象也可看做是状语从句的省略：状语从句的主语与主句主语相同时，从句的主语可以省略，同时省略助动词。如：1.If__________forthejob,you’llbeinformedsoon.(2015北京)A.toacceptB.acceptC.acceptingD.accepted【答案】D【解析】句意：如果我们接受你做这项工作，会很快通知你。作条件状语，应用分词；逻辑主语you与accept之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。Ifaccepted也可看作是ifyouareaccepted的省略。2.Therearesomehealthproblemsthat,when______intime,canbecomebiggeroneslateron.(2013浙江) A.nottreatedB.notbeingtreatedC.nottobetreatedD.nothavebeentreated【答案】A【解析】这里是条件状语，应用分词；逻辑主语problems与treat之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。whennottreated也可看作是whentheyarenottreated的省略。3.Anyone,once__________positiveforH7N9fluvirus,willreceivefreemedicaltreatmentfromourgovernment.(2013福建)A.tobetestedB.beingtestedC.testedD.totest【答案】C【解析】这里是条件状语，应用分词；逻辑主语anyone与test是被动关系，故用过去分词。oncetested也可看作是onceheistested的省略。巩固练习1.Tonylentmethemoney,___thatI’ddoasmuchforhim.A.hopingB.tohopeC.hopedD.havinghoped【答案】A【解析】这里是现在分词作伴随状语。 2.______withcare,onetinwilllastforsixweeks.A.UseB.UsingC.UsedD.Touse【答案】C【解析】非谓语动词作条件状语，应用分词；逻辑主语tin与use是被动关系，故用过去分词。3.Filmhasamuchshorterhistory,especiallywhensuchartformsasmusicandpainting.A.havingcomparedtoB.comparingtoC.comparetoD.comparedto【答案】D【解析】分词作时间状语，逻辑主语film与compare之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。4.Hegotuplateandhurriedtohisoffice,_________thebreakfastuntouched.A.leftB.toleaveC.leavingD.havingleft【答案】C【解析】这里是现在分词作结果状语，分词的动作发生在句子谓语动词动作之后，应用一般式。5.Thesunbegantoriseinthesky,________themountainingoldenlight.A.bathed B.bathing C.tohavebathed D.havebathed【答案】B【解析】这里是伴随状语，应用分词；逻辑主语thesun与bathe是主动关系，故用现在分词。6.Havingfinishedherproject,shewasinvitedbytheschooltothenewstudents.A．speakingB．havingspokenC．tospeakD．tohavespoken【答案】C【解析】不定式作目的状语。不定式动作发生在句子谓语动词动作之后，故用一般式。7.______animportantroleinanewmovie,Andyhasachancetobecomefamous.A.OfferB.OfferingC.OfferedD.Tooffer【答案】C【解析】非谓语动词做原因状语，应用分词；Andy与offer之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。8.If_____tolookafterluggageforsomeoneelse,informthepoliceatonce.A.askedB.toaskC.askingD.havingasked【答案】A【解析】作条件状语，应用分词；逻辑主语与ask是被动关系，故用过去分词。9..aroundthefire,thetouristsdancedwiththelocalpeople.A.GatherB.TogatherC.GatheringD.Tobegathering 【答案】C【解析】非谓语动词做方式状语，应用分词。10.Anyone,once____positiveforH7N9fluvirus,willreceivefreemedicaltreatmentfromourgovernment.A.tobetestedB.beingtestedC.testedD.totest【答案】C【解析】分词作条件状语；逻辑主语与test之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。11.Youcannotacceptanopinion________toyouunlessitisbasedonfacts.A.offering B.tooffer C.havingoffered D.offered【答案】D【解析】这里是分作做定语，逻辑主语opinion与offer是被动关系，故用过去分词。12.________inthepoorestareaofGlasgow,hehadalong,hardroadtobecomingafootballstar.A.BeingraisedB.RaisingC.RaisedD.Toraise【答案】B【解析】这里是原因状语，应用分词；逻辑主语he与raise之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。13.Georgereturnedafterthewar,only_______thathiswifehadlefthim.A.tobetoldB.tellingC.beingtoldD.told【答案】A【解析】这里表示意想不到的结果，应用不定式。14.______moreaboutChineseculture,JackhasdecidedtotakeChinesefolkmusicasanelectivecourse.A.LearnB.LearnedC.TolearnD.Tobelearning【答案】C【解析】这里是不定式作目的状语。15.Thesunlightiswhiteandblinding, ______hard-edgedshadowsontheground.A.throwing  B.beingthrown C.tothrow  D.tobethrown【答案】A【解析】作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，故用现在分词。16.Havingfinishedherproject,shewasinvitedbytheschooltothenewstudents.A．speakingB．havingspokenC．tospeakD．tohavespoken【答案】C 【解析】不定式作目的状语。不定式动作发生在句子谓语动词动作之后，故用一般式。17.________warmatnight,Iwouldfillthewoodstove,thensetmyalarmclockformidnightsoIcouldrefillit.A.Staying B.Stayed C.Tostay D.Stay【答案】C【解析】这里是不定式作目的状语。18.______thecourseverydifficult,shedecidedtomovetoalowerlevel.A.FindB.FindingC.TofindD.Found【答案】B【解析】非谓语动词作原因状语，故用分词；逻辑主语she与find之间是主动关系，应用现在分词。19.Istoppedthecar____ashortbreakasIwasfeelingtired.A.takeB.takingC.totakeD.taken【答案】C【解析】不定式作目的状语。20.Newly-builtwoodencottageslinethestreet,_______theoldtownintoadreamland.A.turnB.turningC.toturnD.turned【答案】B【解析】作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，应用分词；分词与逻辑主语是主动关系，故用现在分词。