专题 非谓语动词（二）-2020年高考英语语法考点讲解与真题分析（解析版） 7页

2020年高考语法考点讲解与真题分析19非谓语动词（二）考点二非谓语动词作宾语5.用动名词的一些结构（这些结构中动名词一般作宾语）只能用动名词的结构有：bebusy/through/worth,beused/accustomedto(习惯于…),lookforwardto,getdownto,turnto,feellike,giveup,can’thelp,what/howabout,devote…to,prefer…to…,havedifficulty/trouble/problem/fun/agood/hardtime,Thereisnouse/need/good,It’snouse,whenitcomesto等。1.Ididn"tmean_________anythingbuttheicecreamlookedsogoodthatIcouldn’thelp_______it.(2018天津)A.toeat；totryB.eating；tryingC.eating；totryD.toeat；trying【答案】D【解析】mean后接动名词表示“意味着”，后接不定式表示“意图，打算”；can’thelpdoing表示“情不自禁想做”，由句意“我本没打算吃东西，但冰激凌看上去这么诱人，我就情不自禁地想尝一尝。”可知选D。2.Whenitcomesto________inpublic,noonecanmatchhim.（2014江西）A.speakB.speakingC.beingspokenD.bespoken【答案】B【解析】whenitcomestodoing表示“说到做……”；speak表示“说”时是不及物动词，故用主动式。3.WhenPeterspeaksinpublic,healwayshastrouble_______therightthingstosay.(2012上海)A.thinkingofB.tothinkofC.thoughtofD.thinkof.【答案】A【解析】havetrouble(in)doingsth是固定句型，意为“做某事有困难”。4.Lydiadoesn’tfeellike______abroad.Herparentsareold.(2011四川)A.studyB.studyingC.studiedD.tostudy【答案】B【解析】feellike后接动名词。6.用不定式的一些结构只能用带to的不定式的结构有：do/tryone’sbest,makeupone’smind,should/wouldlike/love,beused(用于做…),prefer…ratherthan（不带to）,besaid/supposed/reported,It’sbetter等；只能用不带to的不定式的结构有：wouldrather,hadbetter,whynot,cannotbut,cannothelpbut,doanything/everything/nothingbut,等。 1.Ifhetakesonthiswork,hewillhavenochoicebut_________anevengreaterchallenge.(2012陕西)A.meetsB.meetingC.meetD.tomeet【答案】D【解析】介词后一般接带to的不定式，但在dosomething/anything/everything/nothingbut结构中，but后接不带to的不定式。2.Themessageisveryimportant,soitissupposed_________assoonaspossible.（2010陕西）A.tobesentB.tosendC.beingsentD.sending【答案】A【解析】besupposed后要接不定式。message和send是被动关系，应用不定式的被动式。3.—It’salongtimesinceIsawmysister.—__________herthisweekend?（2010全国）A.WhynotvisitB.WhynottovisitC.WhynotvisitingD.Whydon’tvisit【答案】A【解析】提出建议可用Whynotdo...?或Whydon’tyou/wedo...?考点三非谓语动词作表语不定式、动名词和分词都能作表语。近年高考主要考查分词作表语的情况。现在分词作表语主要表示主动，过去分词表示被动。1.Forthosewithfamilymembersfaraway,thepersonalcomputerandthephoneareimportantinstaying________.（2014福建）A.connectedB.connectingC.toconnectD.tobeconnected【答案】A【解析】句意：对于那些远离家乡的人们，电脑和手机对他们和家人保持联系很重要。Stay意为“保持”，是系动词，应用分词作表语。逻辑主语与connect是被动关系，故用过去分词。2．Whilewaitingfortheopportunitytoget,Henrydidhisbesttoperformhisduty.（2014安徽）A.promoteB.promotedC.promotingD.topromote【答案】B【解析】get是系动词，后接分词作表语。Henry和promote之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。3.InApril,thousandsofholidaymakersremained______abroadduetothevolcanicashcloud.(2010福建) A.stickingB.stuckC.tobestuckD.tohavestuck【答案】B【解析】remain在此是系动词，后接分词作表语。逻辑主语holidaymakers和stick是被动关系，故用过去分词，表示状态。remain作不及物动词时，后接不定式。4.Ladiesandgentlemen,pleaseremain__________untiltheplanehascometoacompletestop.(2010四川)A.seatedB.seatingC.toseatD.seat【答案】A【解析】remain在此是系动词，后接分词作表语。逻辑主语ladiesandgentlemen与seat之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。考点四非谓语动词作定语不定式、动名词和分词都能作定语。近年来高考主要考查不定式和分词作定语，所以对动名词作定语不再赘述。1．分词作定语，现在分词多表示主动或进行，过去分词多表示被动或完成。1.Mostcollegesnowofferfirst-yearstudentsacoursespecially___________tohelpthemsucceedacademicallyandpersonally.（2019天津）　A.designedB.designingC.todesignD.beingdesigned【答案】A【解析】作定语修饰course，表示被动和完成，应用过去分词。2.Jimhasretired,buthestillremembersthehappytime_______withhisstudents.（2017北京）A.tospendB.spendC.spendingD.spent【答案】D【解析】作定语修饰time，表示被动和完成，应用过去分词。3.Thenationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildlife,_______frombutterfliestoelephants.(2017北京)A.rangingB.rangeC.torangeD.ranged【答案】A【解析】作定语，range是不及物动词，故用现在分词。4. Inartcriticism,youmustassumetheartisthasasecretmessage ________withinthework.（2016江苏）A. tohide B. hidden C. hiding D. beinghidden【答案】B【解析】作定语，修饰message，且message与hide是被动关系，故用过去分词。 5.Theparkwasfullofpeople_________themselvesinthesunshine.(2015北京)A.havingenjoyedB.enjoyedC.enjoyingD.toenjoy【答案】C【解析】作定语修饰people，表示主动和进行，应用现在分词。6.Theproducercomesregularlytocollectthecamerastoourshopforqualityproblems.(2014重庆)A.returningB.returnedC.toreturnD.tobereturned【答案】B【解析】作定语修饰cameras，表示被动和完成，应用过去分词。2．不定式作定语与其所修饰的名词主要构成主谓关系、动宾关系和同位关系。构成主谓关系最明显的特征是名词前有序数词，或最高级修饰。不定式与其所修饰的名词构成动宾关系时，如果不定式动词是不及物动词，则不定式动词后要加相应的介词。1.Iwaswatchingtheclockallthroughthemeeting,asIhadatrain_________.(2017天津)A.catchingB.caughtC.tocatchD.tobecaught【答案】C【解析】不定式作定语，与所修饰的名词构成动宾关系。2.Volunteeringgivesyouachance__________lives,includingyourown.(2013北京)A.changeB.changingC.changedD.tochange【答案】D【解析】不定式作定语，与所修饰的名词构成同位关系。3.Thestudentsarelookingforwardtohavinganopportunity______societyforreallifeexperience.(2013上海)A．explore          B．toexplore        C．exploring         D．explored【答案】B【解析】不定式作定语，与所修饰的名词构成同位关系。3．表示将来的动作用不定式作定语。1.Therearestillmanyproblems________beforewearereadyforalongstayontheMoon.(2014北京)A.solvingB.solvedC.beingsolvedD.tobesolved【答案】D【解析】表示将来的动作，要用不定式；problems与solve是被动关系，故用不定式的被动式。2. The airport _______ next year will help promote tourism in this area.(2013四川)   A. being completed    B. to be completedC. completed    D. having been completed 【答案】B【解析】表示将来的动作，要用不定式；airport与complete是被动关系，故用不定式的被动式。3.We’rehavingameetinginhalfanhour.Thedecision______atthemeetingwillinfluencethefutureofourcompany.(2012重庆)A.tobemadeB.beingmadeC.madeD.havingbeenmade【答案】B【解析】表示将来的动作，要用不定式；decision与make是被动关系，故用不定式的被动式。巩固练习1.Accustomedto__________thesteepmountains,hehadnodifficultyreachingthetop.A.climbingB.climbC.havingclimbedD.haveclimbed【答案】A 【解析】在beaccustomedto中，to是介词，后跟动名词；动名词表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时进行，故动名词用一般式，不用完成式。2.Birds’singingissometimesawarningtootherbirds______away.A.tostay B.staying  C.stayed  D.stay【答案】A【解析】这里是非谓语动词作定语，修饰warning，非谓语动词与warning是同位关系，故用不定式。3.Theclub,_______25yearsago,isholdingapartyforpastandpresentmembers.A.foundedB.foundingC.beingfoundedD.tobefounded【答案】A【解析】这里是非谓语动词作定语，表示被动和完成，故用过去分词。4.“Genius”isacomplicatedconcept,_______manydifferentfactors.A.involvedB.involvingC.toinvolveD.beinginvolved【答案】B【解析】这里是分词作非限制性定语。分词与其逻辑主语concept之间是主动关系，故用现在分词。5.Lookoverthere—there’saverylongwindingpath______uptothehouse.A.leadingB.leadsC.ledD.tolead【答案】A【解析】分词做定语，path与lead是主动关系，故用现在分词。6.Theability_______anideaisasimportantastheideaitself.A.expressingB.expressedC.toexpressD.tobeexpressed【答案】C【解析】ability后面的定语与其构成同位关系，应用不定式。theability与express之间是主动关系，故用不定式的主动式。7.Pleaseremain__________;thewinneroftheprizewillbeannouncedsoon.A.seatingB.seatedC.toseatD.tobeseated【答案】B【解析】作表语，应用分词；逻辑主语(you)与seat是被动关系，故用过去分词。8.Ihavealotofreadings_____beforetheendofthisterm.A.completingB.tocompleteC.completedD.beingcompleted【答案】B 【解析】不定式作定语，且与所修饰的名词之间是动宾关系，应用主动式。9.—Thelastone__________paysthemeal.—Agreed!A.arrivedB.arrivesC.toarriveD.arriving【答案】C【解析】非谓语动词作定语，修饰one。one前有序数词thelast修饰，应用用不定式作定语。10.Insomelanguages,100wordsmakeuphalfofallwords______indailyconversations.A.usingB.touseC.havingusedD.used【答案】D【解析】这里是分词做定语，words与use之间是被动关系，故意过去分词。