初高中英语语法衔接时态语态 52页

初高中英语语法衔接系列(一)时态与语态 一、动词时态英语的时态从时间上来看，可分为“现在”，“过去”，“将来“和”过去将来“四大类。动词共有十六种不同时态，但常用的时态有：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时、将来完成时和将来进行时 1）经常性、习惯性的动作Igotoworkbybus.2）现在的特征或状态IamateacherandIteachEnglish.Ilovesports.3）普遍真理/谚语/情景提示Lighttravelsfasterthansound.Waterboilsat100℃.Practicemakesperfect.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.I.一般现在时 2、谓语构成1)肯定句：谓语用动词原形或第三人称单数Tom’sparents_____toworkbybikeeveryday.goLiTao_______Englisheverymorning.studies2)否定句：谓语用don’t/doesn’t加动词原形构成I________(notget)upatsixeverymorning.don’tgetShe____________(notwatch)TVintheevening.doesn’twatch3)一般问句：用Do或Does加陈述句（谓语动词用原形）---______he_______(work)inaplasticfactory?---No,hedoesn’t.Doeswork(4)特殊问句：疑问词加一般问句---___________doyouwritetohim?---Onceamonth.Howoften (1)Asyoucansee,thenumberofcarsonroads_____risingthesedays.A.waskeepingB.keepC.keepsD.werekeeping (2)Thismachine_____.Ithasn"tworkedforyears.didn"tworkB.wasn"tworkingC.doesn"tworkD.isn"tworking (3)Scientiststhinkthatthecontinents___alwayswherethey___today.A.aren"t;areB.aren"t;wereC.weren"t;areD.weren"t;were II.一般过去时1、一般过去时用法：句中常有表示过去的时间状语如yesterday,in1989,once,lastweek(month,year),atthattime,justnow等1）表示在过去时间里发生的动作或存在的状态Heboughtanewbikelastweek.Theywereintheofficejustnow.2）表示过去经常或反复发生的动作WhenIwasasmallchild,Ioftenwenttothatparkandplayedfootball.Heusedtowalkalongtheroadaftersupper. 2、谓语构成1）肯定句：谓语用动词的过去式Yesterday,I_____toashopand_______apen.wentbought2）否定句：助动词didn’t加动词原形She________(take)anymoneywithherthatday.didn’ttake3）一般问句：助动词Did加陈述句（动词用原形）---____you_____tothecinemalastnight?---No,Ididn’t.Didgo4）特殊问句：疑问词+一般问句---___________youfindyourkey?---I_______itundermydesk.Wheredidfound 特殊句式1.It’stimewe________(have)arest.hadIt’s(high)time后从句谓语用过去式2.Iwouldratherhe_______(come)withyou.camewouldrather后从句谓语一般用过去式用来表示语气委婉或对现在情况的虚拟，如：Elizarememberseverythingexactlyasifithappenedyesterday. III.一般将来时1、一般将来时用法：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态IwillgotoTibetsomedaybyplane.Hewillbebusytonight.2、谓语构成1）肯定句（1）will加动词原形（第一人称也可用shall）She__________backintwentyminutes.willcome（2）begoingto加动词原形a.打算、计划做某事I_______________adictionarytomorrow.amgoingtobuy b.即将、眼看要发生Lookatthedarkclouds.It________________.isgoingtorain（3）beto加动词原形：安排好的事We_____________attheentranceofthepark.aretomeet（4）按时刻表进行的,可用现在时表示将来Theplane_________ataquarterpastnine.arrives（5）用进行时表示将来They_____________(leave)tomorrow.areleavingcome,leave,go,move,start,arrive,stay（6）主句是将来时，条件从句用现在时We______(go)totheparkifit__________(not,rain)tomorrow.willgodoesn’train 2）否定句：will/shall加not——won’t/shan’tHe________cometothepartytomorrow.b.We_______(give)ittohimwhenhe__________(arrive).willgivearrivesc.One____________(not,learn)Englishwellunlesshe___________(study)hard.willnotlearnstudieswon’tWill_________wehaveabreak?Shall3）一般问句：将will提到句首（第一人称用shall）________yougototheSummerPalacewithus? 4）疑问词+一般问句________________shallwemeetnexttime?Whenandwhere________ishegoingtodotomorrowafternoon?What_________willheturntoforhelp?Who_________shallwedoifthereisnobus?What (1)——Yourjob_________openforyourreturn.——Thanks.A.willbekeptB.willkeepsC.keepD.waskept (2)Assoonashecomesback,I’lltellhimwhen_______andseehim.A.youwillcomeB.willyoucomeC.youcomeD.doyoucome 3）Let’skeeptothepointorwe_____anydecisions.A.willneverreachB.haveneverreachedC.neverreachD.neverreached 4)-Whatwouldyoudoifit__tomorrow?-Wehavetocarryiton,sincewehavegoteverythingready.A.rainB.rainsC.willrainD.israining 5)Lookatthetimetable.Hurryup!Flight4026_____offat18:20.A.takesB.tookC.willbetakenD.hastaken (6)——DidyoutellJuliaabouttheresult?——Oh,no,Iforgot.I______hernow.A.WillbecallingB.willcallC.callD.amtocall (7)Lookattheseclouds._____________.A.It’llrainB.It’sgoingtorainC.It’llberainingD.Itistorain IV.现在进行时1、现在进行时用法：1）表示此时此刻正在进行的动作Iamteachingandyouarelisteningtome.2）表示目前这段时间内正在进行的动作Heiswritingabookthisweek.3）与always连用表示赞扬、不满等情绪Thegirlisalwayssmilinghappily.Youarealwaysmakingthesamemistake.2、谓语构成：be动词(am,is,are)+现在分词Tom’smother___________(watch)TVandhisfather_____________(read)newspaper.iswatchingisreading 2）否定句在be动词后加not一般问句只需把be动词提到句首They_____________(not,play)football.They_____________(play)basketball.arenotplayingareplaying---____she_______(do)herhomeworknow?---No,sheisn’t.she___________(write)aletter.Isdoingiswriting---Who____ourteacher______(talk)with?---He___________withmyfather.istalkingistalking 3下列动词不可用进行时。表示心理状态，情感的动词：like,love，hate,care,remember,believe,want,mind,wish,agree,need,mean.表感官的动词：see,hear,notice,feel,smell,Sound,taste,look,watch. 1.—Idon’tsupposethepoliceknowwhodidit.—Well,surprisinglytheydo.Amanhasbeenarrestedand___now.A．hasbeenquestionedB.isbeingquestionedC.isquestioningD.hasquestioned (2)Listentothetwogirlsbythewindow.Whatlanguage________?A.didtheyspeakB.weretheyspeakingC.aretheyspeakingD.havetheybeenspeaking 3——Areyoustillbusy?——Yes,I______mywork,anditwon’ttakelong.A.justfinishB.amjustfinishingC.havejustfinishedD.amjustgoingtofinish V.过去进行时1、过去进行时用法表示过去某一时刻或一段时间内正在进行的动作HewaswatchingTVwhenIcamein.2、谓语构成be动词(was,were)+现在分词a.She___________(see)afilmwithherfriendthistimeyesterday.wasseeingb.We____________footballwhenitbegantorain.wereplaying (1)—What’swrongwithyourcoat?—JustnowwhenIwantedtogetoffthebus,themannexttome__onit.A.satB.hadsatC.hadbeensittingD.wassitting (2)Susandecidednottoworkontheprogramathomebecauseshedidn’twantherparentstoknowwhatshe_______.A.hasdoneB.haddoneC.wasdoingD.isdoing （1）Asshe________thenewspaper,Granny________asleep.A.read,wasfallingB.wasreading,fellC.wasreading,wasfallingD.read,fell (2)I___alongthestreetlookingforaplacetoparkwhentheaccident___.went;wasoccurringB.went;occurredC.wasgoing;occurredD.wasgoing;hadoccurred VI.现在完成时1、现在完成时用法：1）表示动作已经完成（强调发生在过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果）Ihavefinishedmywork.Hehasfoundhislostkey.2）表示从过去某时开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态Theyhaveworkedinthatfactoryfortenyears.2、谓语构成：助动词(have,has)+过去分词We__________onehundredappletreesthisyear.haveplantedMissLi_________anEnglish-Chinesedictionary.hasbought 2）否定句：在助动词(have,has)后加not——haven’t,hasn’tI______________(not,finish)readingthenovel.3、havebeen与havegone的区别HehasbeentoWashingtontwice.去过HehasgonetoWashington.去了（现在不在这里）haven’tfinishedThemeetingwillbegininfiveminutesbutshe_____________(not,come)yet.hasn’tcome3）一般问句：把助动词(have,has)提到句首---______you______(hand)inyourhomework?---No,Ihaven’t.Havehanded---_____he_____(tell)youtheexcitingnews?---Yes,hehas.Hastold 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别？ (1)We_____ournewneighborsyet,sowedon"tknowtheirnames.A.don"tmeetB.won"tmeetC.haven"tmetD.hadn"tmet (2)Thecoffeeiswonderful!Itdoesn"ttastelikeanythingI_____before.A.washavingB.haveC.haveeverhadD.hadeverhad (3)Mybrotherisanactor.He_____inseveralfilmssofar.A.appearsB.appearedC.hasappearedD.isappearing (6)Thewindowisdirty,Iknow.It_____forweeks.A.hasn"tcleanedB.didn"tcleanC.wasn"tcleanedD.hasn"tbeencleaned (7)---Where_______therecorder?---Ican"tseeitanywhere.I_____itrighthere,butnowit"sgone.A.didyouput;haveputB.haveyouput;putC.hadyouput;wasputtingD.wereyouputting VII.过去完成时1、过去完成时用法（过去的过去）表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作WhenIarrived,thefilm__________(begin).2、过去完成时构成：had+过去分词WhenIgothome,they______(get)supperready.hadbegunThey___________(learn)ChineseforayearbeforetheycametoChina.hadlearnedHe___________(finish)writingthereportbytheendoflastmonth.hadfinishedShetoldusherparents___________(work)inthehospitalfortwentyyears.hadworkedhadgotHesaidhe_________toJapantwice.hadbeen 特殊句式1.Hardly______we_________(begin)whenweweretoldtostop.hadbegun2.Nosooner_____themurderer______(come)backhomethanhewasarrested.hadcomeHardly……when……；Nosooner……than……：一……就……前一时态用过去完成时，后一时态用过去时 2---Hurryup!AliceandSuearewaitingforyouattheschoolgate.---Oh!Ithoughtthey_____withoutme.A.wentB.aregoingC.havegoneD.hadgone1.Theyounggirlsittingnexttomeontheplanewasverynervous.She____before.A.hasn"tflownB.didn"tflyC.hadn"tflownD.wasn"tflying VIII.过去将来时1、过去将来时用法：表示在过去某一时间看来将要发生的动作HesaidhewouldvisitthePalaceMuseumthenextweek.2、过去将来时构成：would+动原或was(were)goingto+动原Hetoldmehe_________(take)metotheUSthenextmonth.wouldtakeTheysaidthey______________(not,allow)anyreportertoentertheirfactory.wouldn’tallowWetoldherwe_________________(send)hertoBeijing.weregoingtosend IX.现在完成进行时1、用法从过去开始的动作不间断地延续到现在，有可能继续持续下去。2、谓语构成：have/hasbeendoinghavebeenwaitingIt__________________(rain)sincethisMonday.hasbeenrainingWe__________________(wait)forhimforthreehours. 将来完成时“willhavedone”表示到将来的某个时间已经完成的行为。We__________________(complete)thebuildingbytheendofnextyear.willhavecompletedwillbehaving将来进行时“willbedoing”表示在将来的某个时间里正在进行的动作。Pleaseaskhimnottophonemewhenhecomes,I_____________(have)ameetingat3o’clockthisafternoon. 动词的语态主动语态被动语态主语是动作的执行者Wewatertheflowersonceaweek.Theycaughtthethiefstealingabike.主语是动作的承受者Theflowersarewateredonceaweek.Thethiefwascaughtstealingabike. 一、被动语态的构成：be动词+及物动词的过去分词二、各种时态的被动语态：主动句变被动句：a.主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语b.被动句的谓语由“be+原主动句谓语动词的过去分词”构成，由be体现时态（语态变了，时态不能变）c.主动句的主语变为by的宾语，可省略1、一般现在时：Thedustmencleanthestreeteverymorning.Thestreetiscleanedbythedustmeneverymorning.Thestreetiscleanedeverymorning.am/is/are+过去分词 2、一般过去时：Wehidtheballbehindthedoorlastnight.Theball_________behindthedoorbyuslastnight.was/were+过去分词3、一般将来时：Theywillplantsomepinetreesinthepark.Somepinetrees________________inthepark.willbe+过去分词4、现在进行时：Theworkersarebuildinganewbridgeovertheriver.Anewbridge________________overtheriver.am/is/are+being+过去分词5、过去进行时：ThedoctorswereoperatingonhimwhenIarrived.He_______________________whenIarrived.was/were+being+过去分词washiddenwillbeplantedisbeingbuiltwasbeingoperatedon 6、现在完成时：Hehaspostedalltheletters.Alltheletters________________.have/has+been+过去分词1、双宾语：一个变主语，另一个不动(间宾前加介词)MyfriendboughtmetwoEnglishbooks.I____________twoEnglishbooks.TwoEnglishbooks____________forme.2、主动句中省去的to，被动句中要写出来Thebossmadetheworkers______14hoursaday.Theworkersweremade________14hoursaday.７、情态动词：Youmustreturnthebooktomorrow.Thebook________________tomorrow.must/can/may+be+过去分词havebeenpostedmustbereturnedwasboughtwereboughtworktowork 练习：变被动语态1.Sheaskedmetocomealittlelater.Iwasaskedtocomealittlelater.2.Webuiltthishousein2004.Thishousewasbuiltin2004.3.Heshowedmethewaytothestation.Iwasshownthewaytothestation.4.Youmustdoitrightnow.Itmustbedonerightnow.5.Theyarebuildinganewlibrarynearourhome.Anewlibraryisbeingbuiltnearourhome.6.Theyhavegivenusaverydifficultjob.Wehavebeengivenaverydifficultjob. 7.Hewillshowusafewgoodfilms.Wewillbeshownafewgoodfilms.8.AlargenumberofpeoplecanspeakEnglishintheworldnow.Englishcanbespokenbyalargenumberofpeopleintheworldnow.9.Wemustputthecomputerhere.Thecomputermustbeputhere.10.Atthattimetheytaughthimhowtocookthesevegetables.Atthattimehewastaughthowtocookthesevegetables.