高考英语语法——同位语从句 4页

Grammar—appositiveclauses＆predicativeclauses名词性从句之同位语＆表语从句同位语从句：I.明确概念与特征：1.同位语从句常放在名词之后，用来补充说明名词的具体内容。常用来接同位语从句的名词有news,idea,promise,question,doubt,wonder,fact,hope,wish,suggestion,advice,possibility,message,word,belief,information等。常用来引导同位语从句的连词有that,what,who,whether以及连接副词where,when,why,how等。如：Thenewsthattheirchildrencouldn’tcomebackontimeworriedalltheparents.Ihadnoideawhenthestormwouldend.2.不过有时候为了保持句子结构平衡，同位语从句也不一定直接放在名词后，而会出现隔离情况。如：Wordcamethatthesportsmeethadbeenputoff.SuddenlyagoodideaoccurredtomethatIcouldbuymyteacheragift.3.同位语从句前名词的数同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式，并且往往带有限定词加以修饰。如：WheredidyougettheideathatIcouldnotcome?Givemeyourpromisethatyouwillcometoourpartythisevening.ExcitingwordcamethatIpassedtheexam.II.正确选用引导词一般来说根据句意来确定相应的引导词，并且从句要用陈述句的语序。1.that引导同位语从句时在句中不作任何成分，但不可省略；Theideathatweplayfootballafterclassisgreat.2.在表示是否的意思时连词只能用whether而不能用if；Thequestionwhetheryoucangotoanidealuniversitydependsonyoureffort.3.从句若缺少主语,宾语或定语用连接代词（what,who,whom,whose,which），若缺少状语用连接副词（when,where,how,why）引导。Ihavenoideawhichmobilephoneisthebest—it’samatterofpersonaltaste.AtlastImadeadecisionthatIwouldnevercomebackagain.Thequestionwhatweshoulddowiththissituationisunderdiscussion.Allofushadnoideawhyherefusedourhelp.Thequestionwhyhedidn’tattendthemeetingpuzzledus.Wecan’tsolvetheproblemhowwecantravelfasterthanlight.4.在名词doubt“怀疑”后的同位语从句用whether连接；在nodoubt“不怀疑”之后的同位语从句用that连接。例如：Thereisnodoubtthatwewillwinthefinalmatch.Ihaveadoubtwhetherhewillfinishthejobontime.III.注意从句中的时态一般来说同位语从句的时态要和主句的时态保持一致。但在表示请求、命令、建议等意思的名词后的同位语从句中的谓语动词应用(should)do，(如demand,wish,suggestion,advice，order等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气。如Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.Iacceptedmyfather’sadvicethatI(should)apologizetomyfriend.4 Myteacher’ssuggestionthathe(should)learnEnglishisreasonable.Drill:巩固练习：1.TomorrowisTom’sbirthday.Haveyougotanyidea___thepartyistobeheld?A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where2.Awarmthoughtsuddenlycametome______Imightusethepocketmoneytobuysomeflowersformymother’sbirthday.A.ifB.whenC.thatD.which3.---It’sthirtyyearssincewelastmet.---ButIstillrememberthestory,believeitornot,____wegotlostonarainynight.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.when4.Nobodybelievedhisreasonforbeingabsentfromtheclass_______hehadtomeethisuncleattheairport.A.whyB.thatC.whereD.because5.Wehaven’tsettledthequestionof______itisnecessaryforhimtostudyabroad.A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.that6.Doyouhaveanyidea______isactuallygoingonintheclassroom?A.thatB.whatC.asD.which7.Someresearchersbelievethatthereisnodoubt____acureforAIDSwillbefound.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether8.Danbyleftwordwithmysecretary____hewouldcallagainintheafternoon.A.whoB.thatC.asD.which9.Alongwiththeletterwashispromise__hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmasA.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether10.Someresearchershaveadoubt___acureforAIDSwillbefound.A.whichB.thatC.whatDwhether 11.Hecan’tanswerthequestion____hegotthemoney.A.thatB.whyC.howD.whether表语从句I、概述用作表语的从句叫作表语从句，它位于主句中的连系动词之后。引导表语从句的词有从属连词that、whether、asthough(if)；关系代词who,what,which,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever等；关系副词when,where,why,how,however,whenever,wherever等。可以接表语从句的连系动词由be,look,remain,seem等。That引导表语从句时，在口语中，间或可以省略。Thetroubleisthatweareshortofmoney.Thatiswhyhesucceed.Atthattime,itseemedasifIcouldn"tthinkofarightwordanyhow.II、分类详解1、由从属连词that，whether引导的表语从句。that在引导表语从句时无词义，而whether有词义，意为、“是否”。这时主句的主语常常是些抽象名词，如question，trouble，problem，result，chance，suggestion，idea，reason等。表语从句对主句主语进行说明、解释，使主语的内容具体化。Thetroubleis(that)shehaslosthismoney.4 Thequestioniswhetherweneedmoreicecream.Whatshecouldn’tunderstandwasthatfewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.2、由关系代词引导的表语从句。关系代词who,what,which,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever等引导表语从句，在句中作主语、宾语、表语，关系代词不能省略。Thequestioniswhichofusshouldgo.Theproblemwaswhocoulddothework.That"swhatheisworryingabout.。That"swhatweshoulddo.3、由关系副词引导的表语从句。Goandgetyourcoat.It"swhereyouleftit.Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella.That’swhyIgotwetthrough.Thatishowhemakesthatofmoneyeveryyear.Thatiswhatheisworriedabout.4、由连词because，asif/asthough等引导的表语从句。Itlookedasifitwasgoingtosnow.That"sbecauseweneverthoughtofit.Itseemsasifhedidn’tknowtheanswer.巩固练习：1.Thequestionis________wewillhaveoursportsmeetnextweek.A.that         B.if            C.when         D.whether2．Thereasonwhyhefailedis________hewastoocareless.A.because     B.that          C.for           D.becauseof3．Theproblemis_________totaketheplaceofTedA.whocanweget     B.whatwecangetC.whowecanget     D.thatwecanget4.Thereasonis_________Imissedthebus.A.that           B.when          C.why          D.what5.Thatis ___wewerelatelasttime.  A.that         B.when        C.why      D.what6.Shelooked_________sheweretenyearsyounger.　A.that B.like  C.as   D.asthough7.—Ifellsick!--Ithinkitis_______youaredoingtoomuch.A.why        B.when        C.what        D.because8.Thereasonwhyhehasn’tcomeis___________.A.becausehismotherisill            B.becauseofhismother’sbeingillC.thathismotherisill               D.forhismotherisill9.Thatis______LuXunoncelived.A.what             B.where         C.that           D.whythat/what的区别1．_______yourfatherwantstoknowis________gettingonwithyourstudies.A.What;howareyou           B.That；howyouare 4 C.How；thatyouare           D.What；howyouare2.Thetroubleis__________weareshortoftools.A.what          B.that          C.how           D.whythat3.Americawas__________wasfirstcalled“India”byColumbus.A.what  B.where       C.theplace     D.therewhere4.Chinaisbecomingstrongerandstronger. Itisnolonger_________.A.whatitusedtobe             B.whatitwasusedtobeingC.whatitusedtobeing           D.whatitwasusedtobe5.________hereallymeansis________hedisagreeswithus.A.What…that                     B.That…whatC.What …what                   D.That…what高考练习1—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.—Isthat_____youhadafewdaysoff？A.why        B.what      C.when       D.where3.Seetheflagsontopofthebuilding?Thatwas______wedidthismorning.A.when       B.which         C.where        D.what4.---Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday’sgame? ---Oh,that’s_____.A.whatmakesmefeelexcited   B.whateverIfeelexcitedaboutC.howIfeelaboutit           D.whenIfeelexcited Summary：（名词性从句总结）三要素：语序，时态，引导词1.语序：永远用陈述语序2.时态：若主句是现在时，从句可根据句意用各种时态；若主句是过去时，则，从句要用相应的过去时态，但，若从句表述的是客观真理，那么从句依然用一般现在时。3.引导词：第一类：that，没有意义，仅起连接作用；连接的从句为陈述语气；在宾从和表从中可以省略，在主语从句中不能省略。第二类：if/whether，有“是否”的意思；连接的从句为一般疑问语气；在宾从中有只用whether不用if的5种情况，在主从中if不能位于句首，在表从中不用if,只有asif.(保险起见，所有名词性从句中首选whether)。第三类：连接代词，what,which,who,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever等,他们在从句要充当成份，作主语,宾语（除whoes）。作定语（what,which,whose,whatever,whichever）。第四类：连接副词，when,where,why,how,however,whenever,wherever等，在从句中作状语，也就是说，从句中缺少时间，地点，原因，方式等语意的时候要用他们。（若从句中主谓或主谓宾齐全就要根据句意相应的用他们）同学们，通过对名词性从句的进一步学习，你是否有新的收获呢？若有任何建议都可以提出来的哟，你也可以留便条在讲桌上的。希望童鞋们天天进步，学习开心。4