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名词性从句
一、名词性从句的种类名词性从句是起名词作用的从句,包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。
4、同位语从句(appositiveclause)分类1、主语从句(subjectclause)2、表语从句(predicativeclause)3、宾语从句(objectclause)1、Englishisveryusefulforus.2、WeneedtomasterEnglishwell.3、ThesubjectIaminterestedinisEnglish.4、Hewanttolearnthelanguage,English.请思考:
连接副词:when、why、where、how(在从句中作状语)引导词从属连词:that、if、whether(只起连接作用,在从句中不充当任何成分)连接代词:who、whom、what、which、whose、whoeverwhomever、whatever、whichever(在从句中担任成分,如主语、表语、宾语或定语等)二、引导名词性从句的连接词
(1)主语从句Thathewillcometothepartyiscertain.Whetherwe"llgooutingdependsontheweather.Whodidtheworkisunknown.Whoeverleavestheclassroomshouldtellme.Whentheywillcomehasn"tbeenmadepublic.
that引导主语从句时,常用it作形式主语,常见句型有:①it+be+形容词(如:obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable,evident,clear,apparent等)+that从句。Itisevidentthatlungcanceriscloselyrelatedtosmoking.
②it+be+名词(如:nowonder,anhonour,agoodthing,apity,nosurprise等)+that从句。It’sagreatpitythatit’sprobablythelasttimethiswillhappen.③it+be+过去分词(如:said,reported,thought,estimated,expected,decided,announced,arranged,recognized等)+that从句。Itisknowntoallthatphysicalexercisescanimproveourphysicalandmentalhealth.类似句型还有:Itcannotbedeniedthat.../Itmustbeadmittedthat...
④it+动词(如:seem,appear,happen,occurtosb.,makenodifference等)+that从句。Itsuddenlyoccurredtohimthathehadlefthiskeysintheoffice.that引导主语从句,置于句首时,that不能省略。Thatweareinvitedtoaconcertthiseveningisgoodnewstous.注意:
宾语从句通常放在主句谓语动词、介词、形容词后Hesuggestedthatwe(should)makeatriptoHongKongnextyear.Iwonderwhetheritistrueornot.Oursuccessdependsonhowwellwecancooperatewitheachother.Iwassurprisedatwhathesaid.Heisconfident(that)hewilwin.(2)宾语从句
如果宾语从句后面还有补语,需用it作形式宾语。HemadeitclearthatthetaskshouldbecompletedbySunday.
1.在口语或非正式问题中,引导宾语从句的that常省略,但在下面情况下,that一般不省略(1)当一个句子有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时,除第一个从句的that外,都不可省略。Hetoldme(that)thepowerwouldbecutoffandthatIshouldgetout.(2)形式宾语it后的that及介词后面的that不能省略。2.如果主句主语是第一人称,谓语动词是think,consider,believe,suppose,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等,后面的宾语从句含有否定意义,否定转移。Idon"tthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.我认为这件衣服不适合你。注意:
表语从句通常位于系动词be,look,remain,seem等之后Thereasonforhisabsencewasthathewasillinhospital.Thatiswhysheissohappy.Thatiswhereyouaremistaken.注:because,as,asif也可以引导表语从句。Thingsarenotastheyseemtobe.事情并不像表面上看起来的那样。Ithinkitisbecauseyouaretoonervous.Itseemsasifitisgoingtorain.(3)表语从句
“Thereason(why……)isthat……”ThereasonwhyIgotwetthroughisthatIhadnoumbrella.That"swhy……Ihadnoumbrella.That"swhyIgotwetthrough.It/Thatisbecause……Igotwetthrough.ThatisbecauseIhadnoumbrella.考点:
对名词进行“解释说明”的从句。可以跟同位语从句的名词常为news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,word(消息),order,fear,proof,belief,advice,demand,truth,wish等。最常见的是that引导的同位语从句。Wordcamethatthemayorwilldelieveraspeechinourschool.Thereisnodoubtthatheisguilty.Ihavenoideawhereweshouldgo.(4)同位语从句
三、whoever,whatever,whichever,wherever,whenever,however的用法它们的作用等同于who,what,which,where,when,how,但语气加强了。这类词引导名词性从句时,不能用nomatter+who/what...代替。1.引导主语从句。Whoeverdidthisjobmustberewarded.2.引导宾语从句,充当直接宾语。I’llgiveyouhowevermuchmoneyyouneed.3.引导宾语从句,充当间接宾语。Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpahand.
1.名词性从句必须使用陈述句语序,不能用疑问句。Howcanwedevelopourreadingskills?Thatisaquestion.Thequestionishowwecandevelopourreasingskills.四、名词性从句的注意事项
2、连接词whether/if(是否)的用法两者都可引导宾语从句,常可互换使用。但以下情况不能互换:1.if只用于引导宾语从句和不放在句首的主语从句。whether皆可2.用if会引起误解,就要用whether。Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryouwanttogo.(此句如果把whether改成if,可作条件状语从句,因而产生歧义。)
3.宾语从句中的whether与ornot直接连用,就不能换成if。Idon’tknowwhetherornotthereportistrue.4.介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。whether可与不定式连用,也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句,还可引导让步状语从句。Whetheryoucanmakeprogressinyourstudydependsonwhetheryoutryyourbest.Idon’tknowwhethertolaughortocry.5.某些动词,如discuss后面只接whether.
3、that,what引导的名词性从句的区别that无词汇意义,从句中不充当任何成分,只起连接作用。宾语从句中的that常省略。what从句中充当主/宾/表,任何情况下都不能省。
1.表示“……的东西或事情”“所……的”eg:They’vedonewhattheycandotohelpher.他们已经尽力帮助了她。2.表示“……的人或的样子”Heisnolongerwhathewas.他已经不是以前的那个样子。WhohasmadeFredwhatheisnow?3.表示“……的数量或数目”Ourincomenowisdoublewhatitwastenyearsago.我们现在的收入是10年前的两倍。what的用法归纳
4.表示“……的时间”,Afterwhatseemedlikehourshecameoutwithabittersmile.似乎过了几个小时他才苦笑着出来。5.表示“……的地方”,相当于theplacethatThisiswhattheycallSaltLakeCity.这就是他们称为盐湖城的地方。In1492,ColumbusreachedwhatisnowcalledAmerica.归纳总结:当名词性从句缺少主语、宾语、表语,而缺少的这个词不是指具体的人时,要首先考虑what
用that/what填空:1.______hewantsisabook.2.______hewantstogothereisobvious.3.Theresultis______wewonthegame.4.Thisis_____wewanttoknow.5.Is_____hetoldustrue?6.Weshouldpayattentionto______theteacherissaying.7.Ihavenodoubt_____hewillcome.8.Ihavenoidea_____hedidthatafternoon.WhatThatthatwhatwhatwhatthatwhat
Ⅰ.用适当的连接词填空1.________thedelayedflightwilltakeoffdependsmuchontheweather.2.Ithink________impressesmeabouthispaintingisthecoloursheuses.3.Exactly________thepotatowasintroducedintoEuropeisuncertain,butitwasprobablyaround1565.
4.Somepeoplebelieve________hashappenedbeforeorishappeningnowwillrepeatitselfinthefuture.5.Pickyourselfup.Courageisdoing________you"reafraidtodo.6.Itisdifficultforustoimagine________lifewaslikeforslavesintheancientworld.7.Thebestmomentforthefootballstarwas________hescoredthewinninggoal.8.Grandmapointedtothehospitalandsaid,“That"s________Iwasborn.”
9.AsJohnLennononcesaid,lifeis________happenstoyouwhileyouarebusymakingotherplans.10.“Everytimeyoueatasweet,drinkgreentea.”Thisis________mymotherusedtotellme.11.Ithink________it’sourdutytohelpparentsdosomehousework.12.Itookpridein________Ihaddoneintheabsenceofmyfather.13.Iamwondering________youcanpickhimupattheairport.
14.Thisis________Iamthinkingaboutthepicture.15.Iknow________itis________Idon’tspendmuchtimememorizingthemafterclass.16.Iamwondering________youcanhelpmesellsome.17.Bytheway,doyouknow________theystandfor?18.Isincerelyhope________youwillgivemeachanceandpleasebelievethatIwillbeagoodvicepresident.
19.Personallyspeaking,Idon’tthink________theseparentsdoishelpfultotheirchildren.20.It’sreported________about30volunteerswhoareatleast18yearsoldwillbechosenfromallovertheworldtotheMarsbytheyearof2015.21.Iwouldappreciateit________youcouldselltheknotsfor10dollarseach.22.It’sourdesire________youshouldprovidesomemoneytofundourprogram,aswellasofferussomepracticalsuggestions.
答案1.When2.what3.when4.whatever5.what6.what7.when8.where9.what10.what11.that12.what13.whether14.how15.that;because16.whether17.what18.that19.what20.that21.if22.that
Ⅱ.语篇填空(用适当的名词性从句连接词完成下列短文)Iamgoingtotellyouanunbelievablethingthathappenedinmyrestauranttoday.Thisafternoonapoorlydressedgentlemancameintomyrestaurant.Nobodyknew1.________hewas.Wewondered2.________hewassohungry.Weweresurprised3.________hefinishedtwoordersoffoodinaverylimitedtime.Wedoubted4.________themanwasabletopaythebill.Thegentlemanasked5.________wewouldmindwaitingforjustafewminutes.Thenwewereshockedtosee6.________hetookoutofaletterandamillionpoundbanknote.
IaskedMr.Clements7.________itwasgenuine.Mr.ClementssaiditwastruebecausetwoofthisamounthadbeenissuedbytheBankofEnglandthisyear.Hethought8.________thegentlemanshowedthemcouldn’tbeafake.9.________agentlemanwithamillionpoundbanknotewasinragsandateinoursmallrestaurantwasabigpuzzletoallthepeoplethere.Ireallycouldn’tdescribe10.________excitedIwas.答案1.who2.why3.that4.whether/if5.whether/if6.that7.whether/if8.what9.Why10.how