高考英语语法总复习名词性从句 31页

名词性从句 一、名词性从句的种类名词性从句是起名词作用的从句，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。 4、同位语从句(appositiveclause)分类1、主语从句(subjectclause)2、表语从句(predicativeclause)3、宾语从句(objectclause)1、Englishisveryusefulforus.2、WeneedtomasterEnglishwell.3、ThesubjectIaminterestedinisEnglish.4、Hewanttolearnthelanguage,English.请思考： 连接副词：when、why、where、how(在从句中作状语)引导词从属连词：that、if、whether（只起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何成分）连接代词：who、whom、what、which、whose、whoeverwhomever、whatever、whichever(在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语或定语等)二、引导名词性从句的连接词 （1）主语从句Thathewillcometothepartyiscertain.Whetherwe"llgooutingdependsontheweather.Whodidtheworkisunknown.Whoeverleavestheclassroomshouldtellme.Whentheywillcomehasn"tbeenmadepublic. that引导主语从句时，常用it作形式主语，常见句型有：①it＋be＋形容词(如：obvious，true，natural，surprising，good，wonderful，funny，possible，likely，certain，probable，evident，clear，apparent等)＋that从句。Itisevidentthatlungcanceriscloselyrelatedtosmoking. ②it＋be＋名词(如：nowonder，anhonour，agoodthing，apity，nosurprise等)＋that从句。It’sagreatpitythatit’sprobablythelasttimethiswillhappen.③it＋be＋过去分词(如：said，reported，thought，estimated，expected，decided，announced，arranged，recognized等)＋that从句。Itisknowntoallthatphysicalexercisescanimproveourphysicalandmentalhealth.类似句型还有：Itcannotbedeniedthat.../Itmustbeadmittedthat... ④it＋动词(如：seem，appear，happen，occurtosb.，makenodifference等)＋that从句。Itsuddenlyoccurredtohimthathehadlefthiskeysintheoffice.that引导主语从句，置于句首时，that不能省略。Thatweareinvitedtoaconcertthiseveningisgoodnewstous.注意： 宾语从句通常放在主句谓语动词、介词、形容词后Hesuggestedthatwe(should)makeatriptoHongKongnextyear.Iwonderwhetheritistrueornot.Oursuccessdependsonhowwellwecancooperatewitheachother.Iwassurprisedatwhathesaid.Heisconfident(that)hewilwin.（2）宾语从句 如果宾语从句后面还有补语，需用it作形式宾语。HemadeitclearthatthetaskshouldbecompletedbySunday. 1.在口语或非正式问题中，引导宾语从句的that常省略，但在下面情况下，that一般不省略（1）当一个句子有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时，除第一个从句的that外，都不可省略。Hetoldme(that)thepowerwouldbecutoffandthatIshouldgetout.（2）形式宾语it后的that及介词后面的that不能省略。2.如果主句主语是第一人称，谓语动词是think,consider,believe,suppose,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等，后面的宾语从句含有否定意义，否定转移。Idon"tthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.我认为这件衣服不适合你。注意： 表语从句通常位于系动词be,look,remain,seem等之后Thereasonforhisabsencewasthathewasillinhospital.Thatiswhysheissohappy.Thatiswhereyouaremistaken.注：because,as,asif也可以引导表语从句。Thingsarenotastheyseemtobe.事情并不像表面上看起来的那样。Ithinkitisbecauseyouaretoonervous.Itseemsasifitisgoingtorain.（3）表语从句 “Thereason(why……)isthat……”ThereasonwhyIgotwetthroughisthatIhadnoumbrella.That"swhy……Ihadnoumbrella.That"swhyIgotwetthrough.It/Thatisbecause……Igotwetthrough.ThatisbecauseIhadnoumbrella.考点： 对名词进行“解释说明”的从句。可以跟同位语从句的名词常为news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,word(消息),order,fear,proof,belief,advice,demand,truth,wish等。最常见的是that引导的同位语从句。Wordcamethatthemayorwilldelieveraspeechinourschool.Thereisnodoubtthatheisguilty.Ihavenoideawhereweshouldgo.(4)同位语从句 三、whoever，whatever，whichever，wherever，whenever，however的用法它们的作用等同于who，what，which，where，when，how，但语气加强了。这类词引导名词性从句时，不能用nomatter＋who/what...代替。1．引导主语从句。Whoeverdidthisjobmustberewarded.2．引导宾语从句，充当直接宾语。I’llgiveyouhowevermuchmoneyyouneed.3．引导宾语从句，充当间接宾语。Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpahand. 1.名词性从句必须使用陈述句语序，不能用疑问句。Howcanwedevelopourreadingskills?Thatisaquestion.Thequestionishowwecandevelopourreasingskills.四、名词性从句的注意事项 2、连接词whether/if(是否)的用法两者都可引导宾语从句，常可互换使用。但以下情况不能互换：1．if只用于引导宾语从句和不放在句首的主语从句。whether皆可2．用if会引起误解，就要用whether。Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryouwanttogo.(此句如果把whether改成if，可作条件状语从句，因而产生歧义。) 3．宾语从句中的whether与ornot直接连用，就不能换成if。Idon’tknowwhetherornotthereportistrue.4．介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。whether可与不定式连用，也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，还可引导让步状语从句。Whetheryoucanmakeprogressinyourstudydependsonwhetheryoutryyourbest.Idon’tknowwhethertolaughortocry.5.某些动词，如discuss后面只接whether. 3、that，what引导的名词性从句的区别that无词汇意义，从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。宾语从句中的that常省略。what从句中充当主/宾/表，任何情况下都不能省。 1.表示“……的东西或事情”“所……的”eg:They’vedonewhattheycandotohelpher.他们已经尽力帮助了她。2.表示“……的人或的样子”Heisnolongerwhathewas.他已经不是以前的那个样子。WhohasmadeFredwhatheisnow?3.表示“……的数量或数目”Ourincomenowisdoublewhatitwastenyearsago.我们现在的收入是10年前的两倍。what的用法归纳 4.表示“……的时间”,Afterwhatseemedlikehourshecameoutwithabittersmile.似乎过了几个小时他才苦笑着出来。5.表示“……的地方”,相当于theplacethatThisiswhattheycallSaltLakeCity.这就是他们称为盐湖城的地方。In1492,ColumbusreachedwhatisnowcalledAmerica.归纳总结：当名词性从句缺少主语、宾语、表语，而缺少的这个词不是指具体的人时，要首先考虑what 用that/what填空：1.______hewantsisabook.2.______hewantstogothereisobvious.3.Theresultis______wewonthegame.4.Thisis_____wewanttoknow.5.Is_____hetoldustrue?6.Weshouldpayattentionto______theteacherissaying.7.Ihavenodoubt_____hewillcome.8.Ihavenoidea_____hedidthatafternoon.WhatThatthatwhatwhatwhatthatwhat Ⅰ.用适当的连接词填空1．________thedelayedflightwilltakeoffdependsmuchontheweather.2．Ithink________impressesmeabouthispaintingisthecoloursheuses.3．Exactly________thepotatowasintroducedintoEuropeisuncertain，butitwasprobablyaround1565. 4．Somepeoplebelieve________hashappenedbeforeorishappeningnowwillrepeatitselfinthefuture.5．Pickyourselfup.Courageisdoing________you"reafraidtodo.6．Itisdifficultforustoimagine________lifewaslikeforslavesintheancientworld.7．Thebestmomentforthefootballstarwas________hescoredthewinninggoal.8．Grandmapointedtothehospitalandsaid，“That"s________Iwasborn.” 9．AsJohnLennononcesaid，lifeis________happenstoyouwhileyouarebusymakingotherplans.10．“Everytimeyoueatasweet，drinkgreentea.”Thisis________mymotherusedtotellme.11．Ithink________it’sourdutytohelpparentsdosomehousework.12．Itookpridein________Ihaddoneintheabsenceofmyfather.13．Iamwondering________youcanpickhimupattheairport. 14．Thisis________Iamthinkingaboutthepicture.15．Iknow________itis________Idon’tspendmuchtimememorizingthemafterclass.16．Iamwondering________youcanhelpmesellsome.17．Bytheway，doyouknow________theystandfor?18．Isincerelyhope________youwillgivemeachanceandpleasebelievethatIwillbeagoodvicepresident. 19．Personallyspeaking，Idon’tthink________theseparentsdoishelpfultotheirchildren.20．It’sreported________about30volunteerswhoareatleast18yearsoldwillbechosenfromallovertheworldtotheMarsbytheyearof2015.21．Iwouldappreciateit________youcouldselltheknotsfor10dollarseach.22．It’sourdesire________youshouldprovidesomemoneytofundourprogram，aswellasofferussomepracticalsuggestions. 答案1.When2.what3.when4.whatever5.what6．what7.when8.where9.what10.what11.that12．what13.whether14.how15.that；because16．whether17.what18.that19.what20.that21．if22.that Ⅱ.语篇填空(用适当的名词性从句连接词完成下列短文)Iamgoingtotellyouanunbelievablethingthathappenedinmyrestauranttoday.Thisafternoonapoorlydressedgentlemancameintomyrestaurant.Nobodyknew1.________hewas.Wewondered2.________hewassohungry.Weweresurprised3.________hefinishedtwoordersoffoodinaverylimitedtime.Wedoubted4.________themanwasabletopaythebill.Thegentlemanasked5.________wewouldmindwaitingforjustafewminutes.Thenwewereshockedtosee6.________hetookoutofaletterandamillionpoundbanknote. IaskedMr.Clements7.________itwasgenuine.Mr.ClementssaiditwastruebecausetwoofthisamounthadbeenissuedbytheBankofEnglandthisyear.Hethought8.________thegentlemanshowedthemcouldn’tbeafake.9．________agentlemanwithamillionpoundbanknotewasinragsandateinoursmallrestaurantwasabigpuzzletoallthepeoplethere.Ireallycouldn’tdescribe10.________excitedIwas.答案1.who2.why3.that4.whether/if5.whether/if6.that7.whether/if8.what9.Why10.how