高中英语语法——动词ing形式的用法(41张PPT) 66页

The–ingformastheSubject,Object，Predictive,AttributiveandObjectComplementGrammar 加连词（and/but/so…）放入从句用非谓语动词在英语中，一个独立句子里只能有一个主谓结构，如果出现多个动词：Q:什么时候用非谓语动词？Q:什么是非谓语动词？ Therehavebeenseveralneweventsaddedtotheprogramforthe2008BeijingOlympicGames.Wheneverhewasaskedwhyhewaslateforclass,hewouldanswercarelessly,alwaysofferingthesameexcuse.InthedreamPetersawhimselfranafterbyafiercewolf,andhewokesuddenly.Thewildflowerslookedlikeasoftorangeblanketcoveringthedesert.找出下列句子中的谓语及非谓语havebeenaddedwouldanswerofferingsawwokerunlookedcovering谓语非谓语 4过去分词v-ed不定式to+v.动词的v-ing非谓语动词Q:非谓语动词有哪些？ Haveyoueverseenthesesigns?parking,spitting,littering,smoking-ingforms 指出-ing形式在下面句中的成分。Findingwaystogrowmorericehasbeenhislifegoal.Heenjoyslisteningtoviolinmusic.Chinaisadevelopingcountry.Themusicisexciting.Weheardhersinginginherroom.Beingill,shewentbackhome.主语宾语定语表语宾语补足语状语 The–ingform构成：1.一般情况rain------2.以e结尾的动词hope-----3.重读闭音节的动词stop-----4.以ie结尾的动词die-----lie---tie----raininghopingstoppingdyinglyingtying 归纳总结：◆动词-ing是____________________中的一种，单独使用时，能在句中做除______之外的任何其他句子成分。如：主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾补等。◆在语态上，动词-ing表示_____（主动/被动)的动作。在时间上，动词-ing一般表示______（正在进行/已经完成）的动作。动词非谓语形式谓语主动正在进行 1.动词-ing形式的构成:是在动词末尾加-ing形式构成,因此又叫动词的-ing形式。如:do-doing,be-being,ask-asking,etc.否定形式:not+-ing构成2.动词-ing形式不能单独作谓语,没有人称和数的变化,但可以有自己的宾语和状语,还有时态和语态的变化。3.动词-ing形式由动词加-ing变化而成,它同时具有名词和动词的特征,在句中可以作主语、宾语等。 Ing时态和语态类别及物动词形式主动被动一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone重点注：否定式在其一般式和完成式前面加not 一、动词-ing形式作主语表示经常的、习惯性的动作或状态,谓语动词通常用单数。如：1）Walkingisagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold.2）WatchingnewsonTVhasbecomearoutineforme.3）GoingtoHangzhoubytraintakesabout16hours.4）Askingawoman’sageisimpoliteinourcountry. 2.-ing形式作主语时常后置,此时须用it作形式主语,用形容词或名词作表语。常见的名词或名词短语有:nouse,nogood,fun,hardwork,ahard/difficultjob,awasteoftime等;形容词有:dangerous,worthwhile,useless等。 归纳：常用-ing形式作主语的句型有：It+be+awasteoftimedoing做……是浪费时间的Itis/wasnogood/usedoing做……是没益/用处的Itis/washardly/scarcelyworthdoing做……不值得Itis/wasworth/worthwhiledoing做……是值得的Therebenodoing无法……，不允许…… 和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。ItisuselesstryingtoarguewithShylock．这事值得去做。It’sworthmakingtheeffort．若要人不知，除非己莫为。Thereisnohidingofevilbutnottodoit．这种事开不得玩笑。Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatter. Thereisnosenseindoing做、、、没有道理Thereis/wasnousedoing干、、、无意义Thereis/wasnothingworsethandoing没有比、、、更糟的Thereis/wasnopointdoing干、、、无意义我们不知道要去哪儿。Therewasnoknowingwherewewouldgo.做这件傻事毫无意义。Thereisnopointdoingsuchasillything. 3.在therebeno...结构中作主语,这种结构的意思相当于“Itisimpossibletodo…”。Thereisnosenseindoing做……没有道理Thereis/wasnousedoing做……无意义Thereis/wasnothingworsethandoing没有比……更糟的Thereis/wasnopointdoing做……无意义 1)Thereisnohidingofevilbutnottodoit．若要人不知,除非己莫为。2)Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatter.这种事开不得玩笑。3)Therewasnoknowingwhenhewouldleave.无法知道他什么时候离开。Trytotellthemeaningofeachsentence. 注意:Thereisnoneedtodosth没必要做某事,在此句式中todo不可换为doing.Thereisnoneedtotellher.提示:当动名词用作主语时,其逻辑主语由形容词性物主代词和名词所有格构成。1）Mysister’sbeingillmademeworried.2）Yourbeingrightdoesn’tnecessarilymeanmybeingwrong. 动名词与不定式做主语时的比较：动名词表示的动作通常是一个习惯性的长期进行的动作,不定式则通常表示动作的一次性或短暂性。e.g.1）TeachingEnglishismyjob.2）Findingwaystogrowmorericehasbeenhislifegoal.3）Toreachthereontimeismytask. 二、动名词用作宾语动名词作宾语有两种情况。1.只能后接-ing作宾语的动词,常见的有avoid,consider,enjoy,keep,finish,suggest,dislike,delay,escape,cannothelp,imagine,mind,miss,practise,cannotstand,excuse,fancy,giveup,putoff,risk,insiston,lookforward,feellike等。e.g.1）Ican’tavoidgoing．2）Haveyouconsideredlookingforonespecialfriend?3）Peoplecouldn’thelplaughingfoolishman． 避免错过少延期avoid/miss/delay/postpone建议完成多练习suggest/advise/finish/complete/practice喜欢想象禁不住enjoy/imagine/can’thelp承认否定与嫉妒admit/deny/envy逃避冒险莫宽恕escape/risk/forgive/excuse忍受保持不介意stand/keep/mind允许感激和考虑allow/permit/appreciate/consider明白鼓励要禁止understand/encourage/forbid 2.既可接-ing和todo作宾语的动词,常见的有:begin,start,continue,like,love,prefer,by,mean,forget，remember,hate等。A.在like,love,hate,prefer等动词之后，用-ing或不定式意义上没有什么不同,只是侧重点有些不同,ing表示泛指的动作,todo表示具体的一次性动作。B.在begin/start,continue之后,用动名词和不定式,意义没有什么不同,尤其是当主语是人的时候。 C.在动词forget,remember,regret之后,用动名词与不定式意义不同。-ing表示动作已经发生,-todo表示动作还没发生；Irememberpostingtheletter．I’llremembertoposttheletter．Ishallneverforgetseeingthefamouswriter．Don’tforgettowritetoyourmother．Iregretmissingthereport．IregrettosayIcan’ttakeyouradvice． D.意义各不相同trytodo(设法)meantodo(打算,有意要做)trydoing(试试)meandoing(意思是,意味着)beusedtodoing习惯于做某事beusedtodo被用来做某事can’thelpdoing禁不住做某事can"thelptodo不能帮助做某事E.goondoing继续做一直在做的事;goontodo接着做另一件事。stopdoing停止做某事stoptodo停下正在干的事去干另一件事。 3.在介词后接动名词作宾语1)Iinsistontakingproperfoodforthistrip．2)Insteadofsmiling,eachofthemmadeaface．3)Shewasveryinterestedinworkingforourcompany．注：下列短语中的to都是介词,所以动词要接-ing形式:devoteto,objectto,payattentionto,getdownto,leadto,lookforwardto,stickto,beusedto等。 3.need,require,want,作“需要”解时,后接动词-ing形式作宾语,主动形式表示被动意义,相当于tobedone。如：Theradioneeds/requires/wantsrepairing/toberepaired.deserve [注意]动词-ing形式的复合结构是指在动词-ing形式前面加上逻辑主语来强调动作的执行者，该逻辑主语常为形容词性物主代词或名词所有格；当逻辑主语不出现在句首时，可用人称代词的宾格代替形容词性物主代词或用名词普通格代替名词的所有格。如： I’mannoyedaboutJohn’sforgettingtopay.Ireallycan’tunderstandyoutreatingherlikethat. 2.动词-ing形式的否定形式是在其前面加not，带有逻辑主语时not应在动词-ing形式之前。如：Notcleaningherteethmadehersmellbad.Yourschoolmate’snotcominghomeintimemadeherparentsworried. [即时练习]从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。1.It’snecessarytobepreparedforajobinterview.____theanswersreadywillbeofgreathelp.A.TohavehadB.HavinghadC.HaveD.HavingD 2.Theparentssuggested____inthehotelroombuttheirkidswereanxioustocampoutduringthetrip.A.sleepB.tosleepC.sleepingD.havingsleptC 3.HowIregret___somuchtimeinthenetbar!Ishouldhavestudiedharder.A.towasteB.wastingC.wastedD.beingwastedB -Practise-Ittooktheworkmenonlytwohourstofinish_______mycar.A.repairingB.repairC.torepairD.repaired -Practise-Mybrotherkeeps___mewithmywork.A.tohelpB.helpC.helpingD.helpedWeshouldoftenpractise___Englishwitheachother.A.tospeakB.spokeC.speakD.speaking -Practise-Hedevotedhislifeto_____theatomictheory.A.studyB.bestudiedC.studyingD.havestudied -Practise-Wearebothlookingforwardto__nextweek.A.goingonvocation(休假)B.goonvocationC.begoingonvocationD.havegoneonvocation -Practise-Allthestaffonourcompanyareconsidering_____tothecitycentreforthefashionshow.A．togoB．goingC．tohavegoneD．havinggone -Practise--Robertisindeedawiseman.-Oh,yes.HowoftenIhaveregretted______hisadvice!A.totakeB.takingC.nottotakeD.nottaking ______basicfirst-aidtechniqueswillhelpyourespondquicklytoemergencies.A.KnownB.HavingknownC.KnowingD.Beingknown-Practise- 作表语（1）动名词Myjobisteaching.=Teachingismyjob.Herfull-timejobislayingeggs.=Layingeggsisherfull-timejob.（2）现在分词Theplayisexciting.≠Excitingistheplay.Thestoryhetolduswasveryinteresting.≠Interestingwasthestoryhetoldus.动名词做表语对主语解释说明，可与句子的主语互换，不影响原意。现在分词的动作是句中主语发出的，主语与分词存在逻辑主谓关系，不能与主语互换位置。 三、-ing形式作定语1.单个动词的-ing形式作定语位于被修饰名词的前面,既可以表示被修饰者的作用或功能,也可以表示被修饰者的动作或状态。e.g.buildingmaterials=materialsforbuilding建筑材料 drinkingwater=waterfordrinkingawalkingstick=astickforwalkingareadingroom=aroomforreadingawritingdesk=adeskforwritingtiringmusic=musicthatistiringasurprisingresult=aresultthatissurprising 2.–ing形式短语作定语时,放在所修饰的名词之后,并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。1）Theylivedinaroomfacingthestreet.=Theylivedinaroomthatfacesthestreet.2）ThemanstandingthereisPeter’sfather.=ThemanwhoisstandingthereisPeter’sfather.3）Anybodyswimminginthisriverwillbefined.=Anybodywhoisswimminginthisriverwillbefined. 3.-ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语,相当于一个非限制性定语从句,这时,它与句子其他部分用逗号分开。1)Hisbrother,workingasateacher,livesinBeijing.=Hisbrother,whoisworkingasateacher,livesinBeijing.2)Theappletree,swayinggentlyinthebreeze,hadagoodcropoffruit.=Theappletree,whichwasswayinggentlyinthebreeze,hadagoodcropoffruit. 四、-ing形式作宾语补足语1)动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面,表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作,强调一个过程或一种状态。如：(1)Whenwereturnedtotheschool,wefoundastrangerstandingattheentrance.(2)Wefoundthesnakeeatingtheeggs. 2)当主句转换为被动结构时,原来作宾语补足语的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。如：Theyfoundtheresultverysatisfying.=Theresultisfoundverysatisfying.Theyheardhimsinginginthenextroom.=Hewasheardsinginginthenextroom. 2.能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词:表示感觉和心理状态的动词,常见的有see,hear,feel,smell,find,notice,observe,lookat,listento等。a.Wesawalightburninginthewindow.b.Ifeltsomebodypattingmeontheshoulder.c.Canyousmellanythingburning?d.Ashespoke,heobservedeverybodylookingathimcuriously.e.Ididn’tnoticehimwaiting. 2)表示指使意义的动词,常见的有have,set,keep,get,catch,leave等。如：Iwon’thaveyoudoingthat.Thissetmethinking.I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.Ican’tgettheclockgoingagain.Youwon’tcatchmedoingthatagain. 3.see,hear,feel,watch等动词之后用-ing形式和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别：①前者表示动作正在进行,而后者表示(或强调)动作从开始到结束的全过程。如:Wepassedbytheclassmatesandsawtheteachermakingtheexperiment.我们走过教室,看见老师在做实验。(只在走过教室的刹那间,看见老师正在做实验) 五、-ing形式作表语-ing形式作表语时放在系动词之后,用来泛指某种动作或行为,以说明主语的身份、性质或情况。1)Herhobbyispainting.2)Myjobislookingafterthechildren.3)Hisconcernforhismotherismosttouching.4)Shewasverypleasinginherappearance. 六.现在分词作状语现在分词作状语时,分词的逻辑主语必须是句子的主语,分词必须和句中的主语含有逻辑上的主谓关系,否则不能用现在分词作状语。但要注意它的各种形式变化:主动形式被动形式V-ingbeingV-edhavingV-edhavingbeenV-ed一般式完成式 e.g.1)Hearingthebell,thestudentsbegantoentertheclassroom.(听见和进入两个动作同时发生)2)Thebuildingbeingbuiltnowisournewlibrary.(beingbuilt为现在分词的被动形式,表示动作正在进行之中)3)Havingdonethework,hewenthome.主动形式被动形式V-ingbeingV-edhavingV-edhavingbeenV-ed一般式完成式 现在分词在句中作状语,修饰谓语动词或整个句子,表示动作发生的原因、时间、方式、结果、条件、伴随等。现在分词一般不用作表目的地状语(通常用不定式表目的地状语)。 1）Walkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.=WhenIwaswalkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.1表时间状语 2表原因状语1）Beingill,hedidn’tgotoschool.=Ashewasill,hedidn’tgotoschool.2）Beingastudent,youshouldstudyhard.=Sinceyouareastudent,youshouldstudyhard. 3表方式、伴随情况的状语:作伴随状语的分词表示的动作,必须是主语的一个动作,或是与谓语所表示地动作(或状态)同时发生,或是对谓语表示的动词(或状态)作进一步地补充说明。1)Hesatonthesofa,watchingTV.=Hesatonthesofa,andwatchedTV.2)他们笑着谈着走进了教室。_____________________,theywentintotheclassroom.Laughingandtalking 4表结果e.g.1)Hermotherdiedin1990,leavingherwithheryoungerbrother.=Hermotherdiedin1990,andleftherwithheryoungerbrother.2)Thesongissungalloverthecountry,________________________________.makingitthemostpopularsong 5表条件1)Usingyourhead,youwillfindaway.=Ifyouuseyourhead,youwillfindaway.______________,youwillseeawhitehouse.2)Walkingahead 6与逻辑主语构成独立主格:1)Iwaitingforthebus,abirdfellonmyheard．2)Alltheticketshavingbeensoldout,theywentawaydisappointedly.3)Timepermitting,we"lldoanothertwoexercises.**有时也可用with(without)+名词(代词宾格)+分词形式。Withthelightsburning,hefellasleep.7作独立成分:1)Judgingfrom(by)hisappearance,hemustbeanactor. 1.—Whatmadeyousoupset?—_____twoticketstothepopmusicconcert.A.LosingB.BecauseoflosingC.ToloseD.BecauseIhadlost2.Ican’timagine_______thatwiththem.A.do          B.todoC.beingdone  D.doingA考考你D 3.Hegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldn’trisk____thegoodopportunity.A.toloseB.losingC.tobelostD.beinglost4.___isforbiddeninsidethepark.A.TocycleB.WecycleC.AnyonecyclesD.CyclingBD 5.Ican’tstand___withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses___talkingwhilesheworks.A.working;stoppingB.towork;stoppingC.working;tostopD.towork;tostop6.Theoldladyneeds____.A.lookafterB.tolookafterC.lookingafterD.beinglookedafterCC 1.Ifyoucankeep________(read)Englishnewspapers,yourEnglishwillbeimproved.2.Hehaspromised__________(come)tomybirthdayparty.3.Ihate_________________(tell)lies!4.Iwillneverforget__________(go)toBeijingwithhimlastsummer.Iforgot________(tell)herthenews;sosheknewnothingaboutit.Completethesesentences:readingtocometelling/totellgoingtotell 出国旅行是很激动人心的。Travellingabroadisveryexciting.2.在这儿等是没用的,我们走吧。It’snousewaitinghere.Let’sgo.3.我记得在哪里见过他。Irememberseeinghersomewhere.Translation 4.我后悔没听你的劝告。Iregretnotfollowingyouradvice.5.帮助别人就是帮助你自己。Helpingothersmeanshelpingyourself.Formoreexercises,clickhere. Thankyou!