高三级英语语法复习——名词 10页

高三级英语语法复习——名词班别：___________姓名：_______________座号：________________一、名词的分类专有名词theGreatWall,America普通名词可数名词个体名词pen,worker集体名词family,class,team不可数名词物质名词water,paper抽象名词work,time二、名词的数规则变化构成方法例词一般+-sdesk----__________;map----________;horse----_________以-s,-x,-sh,-ch结尾+-esglass----__________;brush----__________;box----_________以–o结尾，有生命+-eshero----_________;tomato----__________;potato----_______以–o结尾，无生命+-spiano----_________;radio----__________;zoo----_________辅音+-y结尾，变-y为-i+-esfactory-----_________;country-----_________;family----____不规则：1)以–f或–fe结尾，改为–vesknife----_________;wolf----__________;wife----_________;leaf----________;half----_______;shelf----_________;thief----__________;life---___________;handkerchief----___________2)以–f或–fe结尾，直接+-sgulf----_________;roof----___________;chief----_________;serf----________;belief----_____;proof----_________;handkerchief----____________巧记：海湾边，屋顶上，首领奴仆两相望；谁说他们没信仰，证据写在手拍上。3)特殊记foot---________;tooth----__________;man----_________;woman-----____________;goose----_________;louse-----__________;mouse-----__________;ox----__________;child----__________;4)单复数同形（译成中文）sheep_________;deer__________;fish________;swine__________;means_________;head__________;aircraft__________;species__________;Chinese___________;Japanese_____________;Swiss__________5)只有复数形式（译成中文）scissors____________;trousers___________;socks__________;gloves____________;scales___________;compasses____________;glasses___________;goods__________;复合名词的复数一般将主体名词变数passer-by_______________;new-comer_____________;father-in-law_______________10 没有主体名词，在复合名词后+-sgo-between______________;grown-up______________;forget-me-not______________man与woman置于前构成的复合名词，两个名词都要变为复数manservant__________________;womandoctor___________________三、名词的格一般+-’sMike的笔__________________________;那个男孩的妈妈__________________________;她的父亲的书房_______________________;这个学生的书___________________;以–s结尾+’那些工作们的建议____________________;两小时的路程____________________;无生命名词或名词后面有一个较长定语的所有格可用of结构。一幅中国的地图_____________________;我的父母亲的相片_____________________;表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词，所有格也可在词尾+’s.　　今天的报纸_____________________;十分钟的休息_______________________;中国的人口_____________________;三米的距离_________________________;双重所有格多由a,an,this,that,these,those,any,some,each,every,many,more,most,either,neither,no,much,another,several,enough,such,one,two等冠词、指示形容词、不定形容词、数量词或疑问形容词which+名词+of+名词的所有格或所有代名词构成。我妹妹的老师_______________________;她的一个朋友____________________________David的那个好主意______________________;Dicken的哪本小说____________________在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词，那间理发店_______________________________如果两个名词并列，并且分别有"s，则表示"分别有"；只有一个"s，则表示"共有"John和Mary的房间（两间）____________________________________　　John和Mary的room（一间）___________________________________所有格用to的名词那扇门的钥匙__________________________;那个问题的答案_________________;知识的桥梁_______________________;那条学校的路_________________________;那座建筑的出口_______________________;那个大厅的入口___________________所有格歌诀英语名词所有格，表示某物是“谁的”；所有格构成有方法，多数要把–’s加；复数词尾有–s，只加撇号–’就可以；名词若为无生命，我们常把of用；时间，地点和距离，所有格也可用–’s。四．熟读深思10 指出下列名词（划线部分）在句中所作句子成分，并思考名词的用法与前后语境。1.Tomisaworker.(主语)(表语)2.TheChildren’sPalaceisnearJane’shome.()3.Shegavemesomegoodadvice.()4.Hedid’tgotherebecauseofhisillness.()5.WemadeTomourmonitor.()6.Westudentsshouldstudyhard.()7.Theauthor’snameisonthecoverofthebook.()8.Thisbookisofgreatuse(=Thisbookisveryuseful).()归纳总结：1.用法：名词或名词短语在句中可以做主语、、动词的、介词的宾语、、等。在做语法填空题时，我们可以根据名词在句中的作用判断出所填空格是否该填名词。2.语境：名词通常在冠词（如aworker）、（如hisillness）、(如Thisbook)、名词所有格（Theauthor’sname）及some,any,many,alotof等限定语后。在做语法填空时，我们可以据此判断出所填空格是否应该填该名词。3.分类：worker，student等叫名词，前面可以用不定冠词、数词，及many,anumberof等修饰，当数量大于一时，要用复数形式；advice,milk等是不可数名词，不可数名词没有复数形式，不能直接用不定冠词、数词、及many,anumberof等修饰，但可用some,much,agreatdealof等修饰。4.所有格：有生命的人或物，以及表示时间、距离、金额、重量、国家或城市等的名词，其所有格一般用“”表示；无生命的东西的所有格一般用__________表示。5.of加use,value,importance等某些抽象名词，其用法相当于的用法，在句中可作表语、补语等。五．名词与广东高考（1）在广东高考中，在语法天空的词类转换中可能考到，需要我们知道作主语、宾语时要用名词形式。例1.It’sveryimportanttoteachthechildrenaboutroad(safe).简析：因为在句中做about的宾语，要用名词，故填safety.10 例2：Your(kind)isgrateful.简析：在句中作主语，要用名词形式，故填kindness。判断技巧：在形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、冠词后，通常要用___________。此外，名词也可以作表语、补语、同位语、定语等。如：Heisapoliceman.他是警察。（表语）Wemadehimpresidentoftheclub.我们选他当俱乐部主任。（补语）Mr.Black,ourEnglishteacher,gotangryyesterday.我们的英语老师布莱克先生昨天生气了。（同位语）Thisisastonebridge.这是一座石桥。（定语）（1）语法填空中，一般不会像在完形填空中那样，要求根据上下文来确定填某个名词。如果考，也只限于reason,way,situation等较为特殊的词。例：Therearetwoimportantwhyweofferyouthegoodsnow.简析：在therebe的后面没名词，一定是填名词；因后接why引导的定语从句，前面一定是reason,在two后要用复数形式故填reasons.点评：本题看来是考察名词，而实质上是考查定语从句，因为只有在reason后才可以用why引导的定语从句，所以在why引导的定语从句前面一定reason。六．名词的单复数形式的特殊问题类型举例有少数名词作不可数名词表示抽象概念或物质，作可数名词时表示具体事物beauty美→abeauty美人character性格→acharacter人物duck鸭肉→aduck鸭exercise锻炼→anexercise练习word消息→aword词/话iron铁→aniron电熨斗will意志→awill遗嘱wonder惊奇→awonder奇观room空间→aroom房间failure失败→afailure失败的人（事）success成功→asuccess成功的人（事）有些抽象名词在中国人看来不可数，但在英语中可在前面加a/an，而转化为个体名词。abusiness一家公司apity另人惋惜的事apleasure一件乐事aknowledge一门知识avoice一种声音awalk一次步行arest一次休息ahelp一个帮手asurprise一次惊奇asuccess成功的人或事afailure一次失败asmile微笑anhonor荣誉apopulation人口有些名词有单复数形式，但意思不同brain脑子→brains智能custom风俗→customs关税，海关difficulty困难→difficulties难事damage损害→damages损害事green绿色→greens蔬菜/青菜import进口→imports进口货物10 people人们→peoples民族time时间→times时代，次数work工作→works工厂，著作good益处→goods货物necessity必要性→necessities必需品water水→waters海域，江/湖/河水七．灵活运用（一）判断并写出下列可数名词的复数形式:leaf__________knife____________fly___________fox_______________bus__________brush____________dish__________lady______________belief__________sheep____________watch_________city______________speech_________thief_____________aspect_________opportunity__________expert_________photo___________people_________suggestion__________chance_________information________family__________policeman__________story__________tooth____________key____________advice_____________（二）、单句填空用适当的词填空，或用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。1.Theexcitingresultfilledinwith(proud).2.Mary’sdressissimilarinappearancetoherelder(sister)3.Thesuccessofourexperimentisagreat(satisfy)tousall.4.Hehasnevershownmuch(consider)forhiswife’sfeelings.5.His(fortunate)gavehimgreathelpintheexams.6.Dr.Smithisgoingtopulloutoneofmy(tooth).7.Hegainedhis(wealthy)byprinting(work)offamouswriters.8.Allthevisitorsweresatisfiedwiththelittlegirl’s______________(present)this10 morning.9．Shewillsufferfromgreat____________(sick)whenshegetsonabus.10．Itisalong_____________(distant)betweenthetwocities.11．Afterher___________(graduate)fromcollege,ourteacherhasbeenteachinginourschool.12.MartinLutherKingwentthroughmanyhardshipsinhisnon-violentrequestfor_________(equal)fortheblack.13.The_________(explore)fornewsourcesofenergyisimportantforthefutureofourplanet.14.ManyfactorshaveinfluencedAmericanpronunciationsincethefirst_______(settle)arrivedfourhundredyearsago.15.Pleaselookaftermyhouseduringmy___________(absent)16.ButJaneknewfrompastexperiencethather________（choose）oftieshardlyeverpleasedherfather.（三）、语篇填空。根据句意或用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。Someyearsago,SARSbrokeoutinthemainlandofChina,causingsomepeopletobekilledornearlygotcloseto(die).Themostimportantthingforthe____(govern)todoistofindoutthecauseofthisdeadly(ill).Theyinvitedallthemostexpertsinthisfieldtodiscussandquiteafew(suggest)wereputforward.Someofthetopexpertspickedoutthosesuggestionsandteststhemtoseewhethertheywereavailable.DoctorZhongNanshanchoseone(patience)whowasseriouslyillandhadlittlehopeof_______(pick)upandhadthenew(medical)testedonhim.Tohisgreat(joyful),thispatientrecovered!Hemadehiswaytohis(official)andtelephonedtothetopofficial,tellinghimthisexcitingnews.For(convenient),hemovedtoliveinhisoffice.Hismethoddidmakesense.Notsoonafterthat,theotherhospitalalsocontrolledthisterriblediseaseandkickeditoutfinally.CharlesPinkwasayoung1_______(Canada)whohadagoodhouseandheknewhowtoenjoyhimself.EverySaturday,hewenttothetheatreand210 _____(party).Hiscarwasoneofthebestinhiscity.Hehadlotsofmoneyandonedayboughta3.Helearnedtoflyandflyingbecameoneofhismain4___(enjoy).Onedayaboutthirty5___(yearly)ago,hesetoffinhissmallplaneonatripacross6_______(Mexican).Atfirsteverythingwentwell,butwhenhewasoverthepartofthecountry7___engineofthelittlemachinefailed.Fortunately,Pinkwasflyingatagood8(high)whenthebadthinghappened,andhehadtimetofindaplacetoland.Belowhimhecouldseeanumberof9(field)whichlookedniceenoughtolandon,andhemanagedtobringhismachinedownononeof10.Answers:二、例词desk----desks;map----maps;horse---horsesglass----glasses;brush---brushes;box----boxeshero---heroes;tomato----tomatoes;potato----potatoespiano----pianos;radio----radios;zoo----zoosfactory-----factories;country-----countries;family----families1)knife----knives;wolf----wolves;wife----wives;leaf----leaves;half----halves;shelf----shelves;thief----thieves;life---lives;handkerchief----handkerchieves2)gulf----gulfs;roof----roofs;chief----chiefs;serf----serfs;belief----beliefs;proof----proofs;handkerchief----handkerchiefs3)foot---feet;tooth----teeth;man----men;woman-----women;goose----geese;louse-----lice;mouse-----mice;ox----oxen;child----childen;4)sheep绵羊;deer鹿;fish鱼;swine猪;means方法;head头;aircraft飞机;species物种;Chinese中国人;Japanese日本人;Swiss瑞士人5)scissors剪刀;trousers裤子;socks短袜;gloves手套;scales天平;compasses圆规;glasses眼镜;goods货物;复合名词的复数passer-by_passers-by;new-comer__new-comers;father-in-law__fathers-inlawgo-between_go-betweens;grown-up___grown-ups;forget-me-not__forget-me-nots10 manservant__menservants;womandoctor__womendoctors三、Mike的笔__Mike’spen;那个男孩的妈妈___theboy’smother;她的父亲的书房_herfather’sstudy;这个学生的书__thestudent’sbooks;那些工作们的建议__theworkers’suggestion;两小时的路程__twohours’work;一幅中国的地图__amapofChina;我的父母亲的相片__thephotoofmyparents;今天的报纸__Today’snewspaper;十分钟的休息__tenminutes’break;中国的人口__China’spopulation;三米的距离__threemeters’distance;我妹妹的老师__ateacherofmysister’s;她的一个朋友__afriendofhers_David的那个好主意_thatgoodideaofDavid’s;Dicken的哪本小说__whichnovesofDicken那间理发店_Thebarbr’sJohn和Mary的房间（两间）___John’sandMary’srooms　　John和Mary的room（一间）__JohnandMary’sroom那扇门的钥匙__thekeytothedoor;那个问题的答案_theanswertothequestion;知识的桥梁____thebridgetoknowledge;那条学校的路__thewaytotheschool;那座建筑的出口__theexittothebuilding;那个大厅的入口___theentrancetothehass四．2、主语/表语3、真宾4、介宾5、宾补6、同位语7、主语/表语8、主语/介宾归纳总结：1.表语，宾语，同位语，状语，定语，称呼语2.形容词性物主代词，指示代词3.个体4.’s/’,of5.形容词七．（一）leaves;knives;flies;foxes;buses;brushes;dishes;ladies;beliefs;sheep;watches;cities;speeches;thieves;aspects;opportunities;experts;photos;people;suggestions;chances;information;families;policemen;stories;teeth;keys;advice（二）、1.pride2.sister’s3.Thesuccessofourexperimentisagreat(satisfy)tousall.4.Hehasnevershownmuch(consider)forhiswife’sfeelings.5.His(fortunate)gavehimgreathelpintheexams.6.Dr.Smithisgoingtopulloutoneofmy(tooth).7.Hegainedhis(wealthy)byprinting(work)offamouswriters.8.Allthevisitorsweresatisfiedwiththelittlegirl’s______________(present)thismorning.10 9．Shewillsufferfromgreat____________(sick)whenshegetsonabus.10．Itisalong_____________(distant)betweenthetwocities.11．Afterher___________(graduate)fromcollege,ourteacherhasbeenteachinginourschool.12.MartinLutherKingwentthroughmanyhardshipsinhisnon-violentrequestfor_________(equal)fortheblack.13.The_________(explore)fornewsourcesofenergyisimportantforthefutureofourplanet.14.ManyfactorshaveinfluencedAmericanpronunciationsincethefirst_______(settle)arrivedfourhundredyearsago.15.Pleaselookaftermyhouseduringmy___________(absent)16.ButJaneknewfrompastexperiencethather________（choose）oftieshardlyeverpleasedherfather.（三）、语篇填空。根据句意或用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。Someyearsago,SARSbrokeoutinthemainlandofChina,causingsomepeopletobekilledornearlygotcloseto(die).Themostimportantthingforthe____(govern)todoistofindoutthecauseofthisdeadly(ill).Theyinvitedallthemostexpertsinthisfieldtodiscussandquiteafew(suggest)wereputforward.Someofthetopexpertspickedoutthosesuggestionsandteststhemtoseewhethertheywereavailable.DoctorZhongNanshanchoseone(patience)whowasseriouslyillandhadlittlehopeof_______(pick)upandhadthenew(medical)testedonhim.Tohisgreat(joyful),thispatientrecovered!Hemadehiswaytohis(official)andtelephonedtothetopofficial,tellinghimthisexcitingnews.For(convenient),hemovedtoliveinhisoffice.Hismethoddidmakesense.Notsoonafterthat,theotherhospitalalsocontrolledthisterriblediseaseandkickeditoutfinally.CharlesPinkwasayoung1_______(Canada)whohadagoodhouseandheknewhowtoenjoyhimself.EverySaturday,hewenttothetheatreand2_____(party).Hiscarwasoneofthebestinhiscity.Hehadlotsofmoneyandone10 dayboughta3.Helearnedtoflyandflyingbecameoneofhismain4___(enjoy).Onedayaboutthirty5___(yearly)ago,hesetoffinhissmallplaneonatripacross6_______(Mexican).Atfirsteverythingwentwell,butwhenhewasoverthepartofthecountry7___engineofthelittlemachinefailed.Fortunately,Pinkwasflyingatagood8(high)whenthebadthinghappened,andhehadtimetofindaplacetoland.Belowhimhecouldseeanumberof9(field)whichlookedniceenoughtolandon,andhemanagedtobringhismachinedownononeof10.答案：1.Canadian2.parties3.plane4.enjoyments5.years6.Mexico7.the8.height9.fields10.them10