广东省佛山市高明区第一中学高二英语语法导学案6：情态动词 5页

语法导学案7：情态动词考纲解读-•情态动词的基木用法:1.主要类型1）基本类：cancould能，会，可以，可能Hecannotcometoday.Maymight可以，可能，祝愿Hemaynotcometoday.Must必须，一定，非要Imustbegoingnow.Shall好吗，要不要Shallwestartthemeetingn,ow?Willwould愿意，好吗，Iwillhelpyou.Dareneed敢，需要Idarenotswim2）短语类：带to类bea,bleto,haveto,usedtooughttoNoonehasbeenabletoexplainitclearly.Theydon"thavetostayhere・Heusedtosmokebutnotnow.Theyoughttogonow,oughtn"tthey?无to类hadbetter最好Youhadbettergohome,wouldrather宇愿Iwouldrathernottellyou,.2.对过去情况的推测：Musthavedonesth—定已经做了某事Can/could/might/may可能已经做了某事3.责备或后悔:oughtto/shouldhavedonesth本应该做某事（但没做）Oughtnotto/shouldn"thavedonesth本不应做某事（但做了）Couldhavedonesth本来能够做某事（而实际上没做）（不用can）Mighthavedonesth木可以做某事（而实际上没做）（不用may）Needn"thavedonesth本不必做某事（而实际上做了）熟读深思playmanykindsofmusicalLucyisanoutgoinglady.Shecan[1 instruments・Actually,shecould[2]playthepianowhenshew.as8yearsold.Lucyalsokeepstakingexerciseeveryday.Shesaysthatshehasto[3]dosomesportsbecauseshemust[4]keepslim."Youshall[5]getfatsoonifyoudon"ttakeexerciseeveiyday."Sheusuallysaystoherfriends・Asforher,anelegantladyshould[6]trytokeepfit.However,lastweek,shefoundthatshemight[7]putonweightandshewasworriedanddecidedtoloseweight.Andthesedayssheisalwaysthinkingthatshemay[8]succeedsoonifshetriesallherbest.However,sheisalwayslackoftimebecausesheoughtto[9]takecareofherchildren.Onenightaftersupper,shewalkedquicklyinordertogodancingattheTomorrowParkandshewaslate.Onherway,shethoughtthatthedancingmusthavebegun[10],andthecoachcouldhavetaughtorshown[11]manynewmovesShewasafraidthatherfriendsmighthaveleft[12]beforeshegotthere..Shewasregretfulthen.高考链接语法填空的纯空格题中或给词填空的谓语动词都可能考情态动词。短文改错可能考查情态动词的三个特点以及误用。熟练掌握情态动词的用法，对准确理解语法填空、完形填空、阅读理解、听力理解屮含有情态动词的句子是很有益处的，在写作屮也可能会用到情态动词，因此，我们应当学好情态动词。除“知识网络”所含•内容外，还须掌握以下内容：1.情态动词具有以下三个特点：(1)后面接动词原形。⑵没有人称和数的变化。⑶变为疑问句或否定句时不需要加助动词，而是将情态动词移至主语前变为疑问句；在情态动词后加not,构成否定句。 1.表示能力,can与beableto—般可互换,但beableto可用于将来时和完成时3•表示请求许可，可说May/Might/Can/Could!•••?但表示给予许可时，不能用might/could,即不说youmight/couldo2.表示请求许可，可说May/M.ight/Can/CouldI••-?但表示给予许可时，不能用might/could,即不说youmight/couldo3.must强调主观认为“必须”做某事，只有一•般现在吋态；而haveto强调客观上要求"不得不”做某事，有更多的吋态变化；mustrft“不准”，而don"thaveto=needn"t“不必”。5•表示“应该，应当”，should和oughtto可互换，只是oughtto的语气稍重；should强调主观看法，而oughtto强调客观要求。6.表示推测的情态动词，若按语气强弱排列，依次有must,can,could,may,might等。其中，could,might不一定是can,may的过去式，只是语气分别比can,may更弱。使用时注意以下几点：⑴must只用于肯定句，表示有把握的推测，可译作“一定会，准会”。⑵can-般不用于肯定句，可译作“可能”；但语气稍弱的could可用于肯定句；can.表示“有吋也会”吋也可用于肯定句。⑶may不用于疑问句，表示没有把握的推测，常译作“或许，可能”。⑷用于否定句：can"t,couldn"t不可能；fmay/mightnot可能不。灵活运用一、单句填空1.Iworryaboutmyweekend—Ialwayshavemyplansreadybeforeitcomes.2.Justbepatient.Youexpecttheworldtochangesosoon.3.一MayItakethisbookoutofthereadingroom?4.Youparkhere!It，sanemergencyexit. 5.1can"tleave・ShetoldmethatIstayhereuntilshecomesback.6.一Idon"treallylikeJames・Whydidyouinvitehim?——Don"tworry.Henotcome.Hesaidhewasn"tcertainwhathisplanswere.7.IthavebeenTomthatparkedthecarhere,asheistheonlyonewithaca匚8.Thetrafficisheavythisday;Iarriveabitlate,socouldyousavemeaplace?9.Itisusuallywarminmyhometownin‘March,butitberathercoldsometimes.10.Shehaveleftschool,forherbikeisstillhere.二、单句改错1.1usedtolivinginHunanbutnowIliveinGuangzhou.2.Shecouldsangverywellwhenshewasagirl.3.You"dbettertowearrubbers,forit"srainingoutside・4.1wouldrathertoworkthanplay.5.1askedhimwhetherheneedsgothere・6.Somethingiswrongwithmycomputeranditneedrepairing.7.1canhavelentyouthemoney.Whydidn"tyouaskme?8.Sheshouldabletogiveusagoodanswer.9.Judgingfromwhatyousay,heoughtsucceed. 8.Youmustn"thavetoldhimthenews;heknewitalready.