广东省佛山市高明区第一中学高二英语语法导学案2：代词 5页

语法导学案2：代词考纲解读1.人称代词、物主代词和反身代词（1）人称代词有主格和宾格之分，主格在句中作主语（如He）,宾格在句中作宾语（如her）。⑵物主代词有形容词性和名词性两种，形容词性物主代词只能在名词前作定语（如my）；名词性物主代词在句中可作主语（如Yours）宾语和表语（如hers）等。⑶反身代词可作动词（teach,enjoy,dress,express等）或介词（by,for等）的宾语；或者作主语或宾语的同位语，起加强语气的作用，译作“亲自，本身，本人霍注意：反身代词不能单独作主语；在be,feel等系动词后作表语，表示身体或精神状态处于正常。2.两者和多者的代词。都都不任一两者bothneithereither多者allnoneany⑴表示否定可说not...either/any，但没有either/any...not的说法。⑵none既可指人，也可指物。它强调数量，意为“一点也不，一个也不”，常用于回答howmuch和howmany开头的问句；还可与介词of连用。noone只能指人（二nobody）,不能接of短语，常用于回答who开头的问句。⑶both/all/every等与not连用表示部分否定，意为“并非都"。3.表“另外的，别的”的代词。单数复数泛指anotherothers特指theothertheothers说明可作定语不能作定语（1）单独的other•只能作定语。（2）搭配:some...others...有些有些；one...the other...一个（特指两者中的）另一个……(3)特殊：another用于"another+基数词(few)+复数名词”中,与“基数(some)+other/more+复数名词"相当。4.区分儿个替代词。⑴it和that都替代“the+单数名词”，都是特指，都可替代可数和不可数名词；但it指前面提到的“同一"事物，而that是指前而提到的“同类”事物。⑵one替代“a+单数可数名词=表示泛指；其复数形式ones替代泛指的复数名词。⑶theone是one的特指，替代“the+单数可数名词=相当于that；其复数形式those,替代“the+复数名词在口语中也可用those代替。当后面有of短语时，多用that或those;当有前置修饰语时，只能用one⑸。熟读深思大声朗读短文，留意划线部分代词，体会其意义和在句中成分。We[1]studentsshouldgetonwellwitheachother[21・Butinfact,somethingunpleasantcanhappenfromtimetotime.Forexample,yesterdayafternoon,it[3]wasfine.All[4]ofuswentouttotheplayground.Somewereplayinggamesandothers[5]wereplayingfootballwhentwoboysofusquarreledandthenfought.Everyone[6]ofuswasconfusedbecause.theywereeververygoodfriendsandnobody[7]couldexactlytellw.hat[8]theyfoughtfor.Neither[9]ofthemwantedtogiveintotheother[10].Ithought_it[11]wrongofthemtodoso.SoItriedtotellthem[12]thatweshouldputourselves[13]inothers"shoes,butboth[14]ofthemweretooangrytocalmdown.It[15]wasnotuntilourheadteachercamethattheyparted.Inmyopinion,it[16]isnecessaryforustocalmdownandsolveproblemsthatwemeet.Onlythose[17]whocaneasilyforgiveandforgetwillgetamorecomfortablelife高考链接1.语法填空的纯空格题，重点考查人称代词，其次是不定代词以及作形式主语或形式宾语的ito2.在给词题屮，可能给出人称代词，要求考生填其物主代词或反身代词，也可能是给主格填宾格。3.在短文改错中，考查上下文人称不一致，单复数不一致，性别不一致，以及人称代词的格的误用等。 解这类题时注意以下几点：1.纯空格的语法填空题，当句子缺主语或宾语时，填代词。因为在句中充当主语或宾语的应是名词或代词，而在语法填空的纯空格中是不要求考生填名词的，所以只要句子缺少主语或宾语，就该填代词。2.在确定填代词后，再根据语境，弄清所缺主语或宾语具体指代上文或下文中的具体内容，结合上述几种代词的不同意义和用法，确定填具体哪个代词。在选择代词时，我们要从人称、性别、数量等方面进行考虑，是指代人还是指代物，是男还是女，是单数还是复数。3.熟记一些习惯的搭配，如some...others,thosewho...,bymyself等。灵活运用一、单句填空1.Halfofsurveyedin16countriessaytheygofirsttotheirclosestfriendstosharetheirdeepestwishesanddarkestfears.2.Atourfactorythereareafewmachinessimilartodescribedinthismagazine.3.Thetrafficonthemainstreetshasalongergreensignalthanonthesmallones.4.FvelivedinNewYorkandChicago,butdoitlikeofthemverymuch.5.AlthoughRosemaryhadsufferedfromaseriousillnessforyears,shelostofherenthusiasmforlife.6.It"saneither-orsituation——wecanbuyanewcarthisyearorwecangoonholidaybutwecan"tdo.7.canbegoodatsomethingfor40yearsifhedoesn5tloveit.8.Thisprojectrequirescloseteamwork.willbeachievedunlessweworkwelltogether.9.Ifyourebuyingtoday"spaperfromthestand,couldyougetforme?10.LarryasksBillandPetertogoonapicnicwithhim,butofthemwantsto,becausetheyhaveworktodo.11.Wehavevarioussummercampsforyourholidays-Youcanchoosebasedonyourowninterests.12.Tostayawake,hefinishedacupofcoffeeandordered.13.Theemploymentratehascontinuedtoriseinbigcitiesthankstotheeffortsofthelocal governmentstoincrease.1.Whydon"tyoubringtohisattentionthatyoifretooilltoworkon?2.Thetwogirlsaresoalikethatstrangersfinddifficulttotellonefromtheothe匚3.Wefeelourdutytomakeourcountryabetterplace.4.ThenIrealizedIdidn"tevenknowhername.Iaskedallofmyprofessorsbutknewhername.18-1smiledabigsmileandworkedalittle,really.19.Ipatientlywalkedtothelibrary,tookmyseatanddidsomedeepbreathingtohelprelax20.Atthatmomentanattractiveyounglady.,whonoticedmybook,cameuptomeandintroduced•二、语篇填空在空格处填入一个适当的词。Anoldmanandhissonweretakingadonkeytothemarket.Themanrodethedonkeyandthesonwalkedbehind1.Amansawthemandaskedthesonwhy2wasn^tridingthedonkey.Thenthefatherlet3rideit.4mansawthemandtold5thattheyshould6._ridethedonkey.So7bothgotonit.Awomanwhosawthemsaid,"Tell8、whyareyoubothridingthatpooranimal?9lookssoweakandtired.10areso.cruel!”Then,thefatherandsongotoffthedonkey,andstartedcarryingitacrossabridge.Whentheywerehalfwayacrossthebridge,thedonkeystruggledlooseandfellintotheriver.三、单句改错1.ThedoctoradvisedVerastronglytotakea.holiday,buthedidn"thelp.2.ThechairmanthoughtthatnecessarytoinviteProfessorSmithtospeakatthemeeting.3.Thebookisofgreatvalue.Everythingcanbeenjoyedunlessyoudigestit.4.Ifourparentsdoeverythingforuschildren,wewon"tleamtodependonus.5.Neithersideispreparedto.talktootherunlesswecansmooththingsoverbetweenthem.6.Surprisingly,Susan"sbeautifulhairreachedbelowherkneesandmadeheralmostanovercoatforhe匚7.Newtechnologieshavemadethempossibletoturnoutnewproductsfasterandatalower cost.1.Thosewhosmokeheavilyshouldremindthemof.health,thebadsmell-andthefeelingsofotherpeople.2.ThefilmthatIsawityesterdayisinteresting.3.WithMr.SmithtoteachourEnglish,,ourspokenEnglishwillbeimproved.ILIthinkthedogownersshouldbeawarethathisdogshavecauseddamagetotheenvironment.12.Onhearingthis,theyoungman"sfaceturnedredandsheimmediatelythrewthecigaretteintothedustbininthebus.13.Myteachersoftenencouragewetotakeafter-classactivities.14.Amancameinandaskedwhowasmonitorofourclass.Itoldhimthatmyselfwasmonito匚15-WecanpracticeusingEnglishidiomsinyourdiary-writing.