广东省佛山市高明区第一中学高二英语语法导学案1：名词 7页

语法导学案1:名词考纲解读一、名词的分类：・名词就其词汇意义可分为专有名词和普通名词。普通名词又可分为可数名词和不可数名词。专有名词：BeijingSmiththeUnitedNations"个体名词：man，expert,factory（可数名词”集合名词：audience（观众），class,family普通名词：°旳质名词：water,coal,rice"不可数名词VX抽象名词：surprise,honour,help二、可数名词的复数形式1.一般情况，直接加・s。port（港口）fports；technique（技术）一techniques2.以s,x,ch,sh结尾发［s］、山、［山、［d3］音的词，加一esbus—buses,box—boxes,bush—bushesbranch—branches,stomach—stomachs（stomach词尾发k,故复数直接加-s）3.辅音字母+y,变y为i,加1-esuniversity—universitiesy前为元音字母，直接加-sboy一boys4.以O结尾加・cshero一heroesO前为元音字母，及部分外來词直接加・szoo—zoosradio—radiopiano—pianosphoto—photos5.以f或fe结尾，变f或fe为v,再加-esleaf—leaveswife—wives※以下f结尾单词直接加・sbelief—beliefs（信念）roof—roofs（屋顶）proof—proofs（证据）.safe一safes（保险柜）chief—chiefs（首领）gulf—gulfs（海湾） 1.不规则名词 goose—geese,mouse—mice,child—children,ox—oxen注1:有些可数名词的单复数相同，要根据上下文的意义来确定其单数还是复数，例如:sheep羊fish鱼deer鹿means手段，方法works工厂，作品series系列注2：在些可数名词，只有单数形式，但表示复数意义。如果作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。如：cattle牛people人民police警察注3：集合名词既可看作单数（作为整体），也可看作复数（作为集体的各个成员）。例如：audience（观众）class（班级）family（家庭）group（小组）Herfamilyiswell-knownintheregion.她家在该地区是名门望族。Hisfamilyarequarrellingseverelyabouttheproperty.她的家人正在为分财产激烈地争吵。改错：1•Everypossiblemeanshavebeentriedtocuretheboyofhisillness.2.Fishalwayssellswellinthemarketsbecausefishcontainsrichprotein,whichcanbuildyouup,・3・Isitthepolicewhoissearchingthehouseforawantedcriminal（罪才U）?三.不可数名词物质名词、抽象名词均属不可数名词。前面不能加不定冠词a/an,词尾也不能加一s。请牢记下列典型的不可数名词。news消息information信息advice忠告,建议progress进步，进展knowledge知识weather天气furniture家具fun乐:趣•equipment设备English英语wealth财富damage损坏traffic交通，^word消息,车辆及行人baggage/luggage行李clothing衣服，衣着信息work工作homework家庭作业housework家务 高考链接语法填空纯空格题不会要求填名词，但在词类转换中会考查到名词的用法。 另外，冠词的考查也与名词用法相关联。解题时考生须注意以下几点：1.单数可数名词前通常会填冠词(a,an,the)＞名词的所有格(Tom,s)＞形容词性物主代词(my,your,his)、不定代词(any,another,some)等。2•空格在冠词、数词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格后，要用括号中所给词的名词形式。3.在名词前作定语的可能是形容词或分词，在名词后作定语的可能是分词短语、不定式短语或介词短语，还可能是定语从句。4•若有定语从句、形容词短语、分词短语或介词短语等修饰，应当.用所给词的名词形式。5.作主语或作宾语(在及物动词或介词后)时，要用括号中所给词的名词形式。6.在确定用名词形式后，述耍考虑该名词是用单数述是复数、是否耍用所有格。7.短文改错会考查名词的数与所有格。灵活运用：一、完成句子填入所给词的正确形式。1.Two(month)ago,three(hero)caughtfour(thief).Theymadethemplantsome(potato)and(bamboo)intwo(zoo).Theyalsomadetheir(wife)returnthefourbig(box)withsomeprecious(photo)and(brush)inthem.2.Two(editor-in-chief),three(manteacher)andfive(womandoctor),togetherwiththeir(child),wenttothemarket.Theydecidedtobuytwo(sheep),three(deer),four(ox),five(goose)andsixwhite(mouse)withthree(foot)andsix(tooth).二、单句填空填入一个适当的词或所给词的止确形式。1.Alwaysremembertoputsuchdangerousthingsas(knife)outofchildren"sreach.2.DeSmithisgoingtopulloutoneofmy(tooth). 1.Inmyopinion,itiswrongtocheatin(exam)becauseitbreakstherulesofschools.2.Inmyopinion,nooneagreesthata(wealth)personwithoutgoodhealthcanbehappy.So,justdoourbestandkeepfit.3.Upon(arrive),webegantoworkimmediately.4.Since"Lifeisastage",weareactuallyallactorsand(act).5.Therearemorevisiblechangesinourgesturesandfacial(express).6.LangLangisaworld-classyoung(piano)whogrewupinShenyang.三、语篇填空Ahighschoolhistoryteacheroncetoldus,Tfyoumakeoneclosefriendinschool,youwillbemostlucky.1truefriendissomeonewhostayswithyouforlife?5Experienceshowsthathewasright.Good2(friend)arejustnoteasilyformed.Tomostofus,friendshipsarethoughtveryimportant,butweneedtohavethekindsoffriendshipswewant.Aretheytobecloseorkeptatarrrfs3(long)?Dowewanttoshareourselvesordowewanttowalkonthesurface?Forsomepeople,manyfriendshipsonthesurfacearequiteenoughandthafsallright.Butatsomepointweneedtomakesurethatourexpectationsarethesameasour4(fr.iend)expectations.Thesharingof5(person)experienceisthesurestway6(deepen)friendships.Butitmustbeundertakenslowlyandcarriedononlyiftherearesignsofinterestandactioninreturn.Whataresomeofthedifficultiestofriendship?Thegreatestistheattractiontoexpecttoomuchtoosoon.Deeprelationshipstaketime.7maindifficultyisth.e8(selfish)tothinkone“owns"，theother,includinghistimeandattention.Similarly,friendshipsneedactionsinreturn.Inotherwords,youmustgiveasmuchasyoutake.Finallythereisaquestionoftakingcareofeachothe匚9youspendreasonabletimetogether,talkingonthephone，writing1(1(letter)ordoingthingstogether,friendships,willdieaway. 四、单句改错1.1haveonlybeenthereacoupleoftime.2.WhenyouvisitLondon,oneofthefirstthingyouwillseeisBigBen.3-Mr.WanggaveussomeadvicesonhowtorememberEnglsihwords.4.1havenotimetotakeexercisebecauseIhavealotofhomeworkstodo.5.Thishappenedfourandahalfcenturyago.6.Morecarewouldinsureyouagainstmakingsomuchmistakes.7.Ifsaboutanhourdrivefromheretomyoffice.8-LiMing,athree-years-oldboy,isverylovely.1.Wearehavingdinneratmyaunttonight.2.Inourschool,thereisanewlabbuildingwithlotsofteachingequipmentsinit.