初中英语语法复习(阅读理解) 14页

初中英语语法复习阅读理解考点集汇.讲解和训练【考点扫描】阅读理解能力的培养是中学英语学习的一项重要任务，也是中考的一项重耍内容。中考阅读理解题主要考杳学生的语篇阅读能力、分析和判断能力。要求学生能较快地通过阅读理解短文人意，获取其屮的主要信息，能做出正确判断，然后根据试题的要求从A,B,C,D四个选项中选出最佳答案或做出止误判断。文章的难易程度和初三课文基本相同，耍求阅读速度为每分钟40-50个词。中考阅读理解的阅读材料的选収一般遵循三个原则：1.阅读文章不少于三篇，阅读量在1,000单词左右；2.题材广泛，包括科普，社会，文化，政治，经济等；3.体裁多样，包括记叙文，说明文，应用文等。中考阅读理解考査的主耍内容是：1.考查掌握所读材料的主旨和人意的能力。此类考查主旨和人意的题大多数针对段落(或短文)的主题，主题思想，标题或目的，其主要提问方式是:(1)Whichisthebesttitleofthepassage?(2)Whichofthefollowingisthispassageabout?(3)Inthispassagethewritertriestotellusthat・(4)Thepassagetellsusthat・(5)Thispassagemainlytalksabout・2.考杳把握文章的事实和细节的能力。此类考查事实和细节的题冃大多数是针对文章的细节设计的，其主要提问方式是：(1)Whichofthefollowingisright?(2)Whichofthefollowingisnotmentioned?(3)WhichofthefollowingisNotTrueinthepassage?(4)Choosetherightorderofthispassage・(5)Fromthispassageweknow・3.考査根据上下文猜测生词的含义的能力。此类猜测词义的题hl要求考生根据上下文确定某一特定的词或短语的准确含义。其主要提问方式是：(1)Theword“inthepassageprobablymeans.(2)Theunderlinedword"If"inthepassagerefersto・(3)Inthisstorytheunderlinedword“”means・(4)Here“it"means・4.考查依据短文内容和考牛应有的常识进行推理和判断的能力。此类题目文章中没有明确的答案，需要考牛再理解全文的基础上进行推理和判断。其主要提问方式是：(1)Wccanguessthewriterofthelettermaybea・(2)Wecaninferfromthetextthat•(3)Fromtheletterswe"velearnedthatit"sverytoknowsomethingaboutAmericansocialcustoms.(4)Fromthestorywecanguess・(5)Whatwouldbehappyif...?5.考杳推断作者意图和态度的能力。(1)HowdidthewriterfeelatViennastation?(2)Thewriterwritesthistextto・(3)Thewriterbelievesthat・ (1)Thewritersuggeststhat.【名师解难】明确了阅读理解题的考查要点以后，我们现在來研究破解阅读理解题的方法和技巧。1.如何获取段落的主旨和大意？最冇效的办法是找出主题句。一篇文章（或一段文章）通常都是围绕一个中心意思展开的。而这个中心意思往往山一•个句子来概括。这个能概括文章或段落中心意思的句子叫做主题句。因此，理解一个段落或一篇文章的中心意思首先耍学会寻找主题句。主题句一般具有三个特点：（1）表述的意思比较概括，相对其主句来看，这种概括性更为明显。（2）句了结构较简单，多数都不采用长、难句的形式。（3）段落中其它的句子必定是用来解释、支撐或发展主题句所表述的主题思想。在一篇短文或一个段落中，大部分主题句的情况有三种：（1）主题句在段首或篇首。主题句在段首或篇首的情况相当普遍。一般新闻报道、说明文，议论文人都采用先总述，后分述的叙事方法。例如：2003年陕西省英语中考试题阅读材料B的第一段：Alllivingthingsontheearthneedotherlivingthingstolive.Nothinglivesalone.Mostanimalsmustliveinagroup,andevenaplantgrowsclosetogetherwithothersofthesamekind.Sometimesonelivingthingkillsanother,oneeatsandtheotheriseaten.Eachkindoflifeeatsanotherkindoflifeinordertolive,andtogethertheyformafoodchain（食物链）。Somefoodchainsbecomebrokenupifoneofthelinksdisappears.第一旬即是主题旬。这个句了概括了木段的中心意思，“地球上所有的生物要生存都离不开其它的生物”。后而讲述了大量的事实，“大部分动物必须成群的生活，甚至一种卅i物也耍和其它同类的卅i物靠在一起生长。有时一种牛物杀死另-•种生物，一种牛物吃另一种生物，而另一种牛:物被吃”。在列举了大量的事实Z后，作者指出：如果这些食物链中的一个链环消失，所有的食物都会断掉。所有这些事实都是围绕第一个句子展开的。在这篇短文之后冇一道考查主题的阅读理解题：59.Whichofthefollowingdoyouthinkisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.AnimalsB.PlantsC.FoodChainsD.LivingThings根据主题句的意思，我们可以很容易判断：这篇短文最好的标题是FoodChainso（2）主题句在段末或篇末。用归纳法写文章时，往往表述细节的句子在前，概述性的句子在后，并以此结尾。这种位于段末或篇末的主题句往往是对前而细节的总结，归纳或结论。例如2002年陕西省中考试题阅读材料A的最后一段：Ifyoubuysomewell-madeclothes,youcansavemoneybecausetheycanlastlonge匚Theylookgoodevenaftertheyhavebeenwashedmanytimes・Sometimessomeclothescostmoremoney,butitdoesnotmeanthattheyarealwaysbettermade,ortheyalwaysfitbetter.Inotherwords,somelessexpensiveclotheslookandfitbetterthanmoreexpensiveclothes.这段文章前而列举了两件事实：如果你买一些制作优良的衣服，你会省钱，因为这些衣服能穿得时间长-•些。即使他们洗了很多次，仍然看起来很好。有吋有些衣服花得询更多，但并不意味着这些衣服做得更好。最后一句话是对这两个事实的概括：有些价钱便宜的衣服比价钱贵的衣服更好看，更合身。段末这个句子就是主题句。（3）无主题句有时，一篇文章里并没有明显的主题句。这时我们应该怎样来确定文章的主题或中心意思呢？其实这也不难。我们可以首先找出每一段的中心意思，各段的中心意思往往都是围绕一个中心来展开的，或者说是来说明一个问题的。这个中心或这个问题就是这篇文章的主题或中心意思。请看2004年江西省中考试题阅读理解A:KillerbeesstartedinBrazil1957.AscientistinSaoPaulowantedbeestomakemorehoney（蜂蜜）.Soheputforty-sixAfricanbeeswithsomeBrazilianbees.Thebeesbred（繁殖）andmadeanewkindofbees.Butthenewbeeswereamistake.Theydidn"twanttomakemorehoney.Theywantedtoattack.Then,byaccident,twenty-six AfricanbeesescapedandbredwiththeBrazilianbeesoutside.Scientistscouldnotcontrol（控制）theproblem.Thebeesincreasedfast.TheywentfromBraziltoVenezuela.ThentheywenttoCentralAmerica.NowtheyareinNorthAmerica.Theytravelabout390milesayear.Eachgroupofbeesgrowsfourtimesayea匚Thismeansonemillionnewgroupseveryfiveyears.Whyarcpeopleafraidofkillerbees?Peoplearcafraidfortworeasons.First,thebeessting（町）manymoretimesthanusualbees.Killerbeescanstingsixtytimesaminutenonstopfortwohours.Second,killerbeesattackingroups・Fourhundredbeestingscankillaperson.Alreadyseveralhundredpeoplearedead・NowkillerbeesareinTexas.InafewyearstheywillreachallovertheUnitedStates.Peoplecandonothingbutwait.这篇短文表而看起来没有主题句，那末怎样来确定它的中心意思呢？按照上而的说明，我们先找出每一段的大意：第一•段讲的是“killerbees"的产生。第二段讲的是“killerbees"的急剧增加。第三段讲的是人们害怕“killerbees”的原因。第四段讲的是“killerbees”己经杀死的人数和将來的状况。从这儿段的大意可以看出这篇文章自始至终都是用绕“killerbees”这一屮心展开的。换句话说，“killerbees”就是这篇文章的主题。在这篇短文的后而就出了一道这样的阅读理解题：59・Thebesttitleofthepassageis.A.HowtomakemorehoneyB.KillerbeesC.AfoolishscientistD.Howtofeedkillerbees毫无疑问，答案应该是：Bo1.如何根据上下文猜测词义？猜测词义也是一种英语阅读能力。英语阅读理解试题中有不少这样的题目。任何一个实词，只有在一定的上下文中才能表示一•个确定的词义。所谓上下文（context）,正如英语辞典所解释的，其作用就是帮助确定上下文屮的词、短语或句子的意义。据此，我们可以尽可能地利用上下文来猜测词义，即从已知粧求未知，也就是川我们所熟悉的词或短语來猜测我们不熟悉的词的词义。猜测词义时,我们町以从三个方面来考虑：1）根据上下文己知部分进行逻辑上的推理。2）运用语法知识进行语法分析。3）依靠常识和经验做岀判断。根据上下文猜测词义的方法有下列儿种：（1）根据定义或解释猜测词义。例如：廿肃省2002年中考英语试题阅读材料B:Abagisusefulandtheword"bag"isuseful.Itgivesussomeinterestingphrases（短语）.Oneis“toletthecatoutofthebag.”Itisthesameas“totellasecret^....Nowwhensomeoneletsout（沖t漏）asecret,he“letsthecatoutofthebag.”短文后面冇一个理解题FhJohnTetsthecatoutofthebag，"meanshe・A.makeseveryoneknowasecretB・thewomanboutacatC・buysacatinthebagD.sellsthecatinthebag在这篇文章里，“letthecatoutofthebag”虽然是一个新出现的短语，但紧接着后面就给出解释Itisthesameasutotellasecret.根据这一解释，我们就可判断出正确答案应为A。（2）根据悄景和逻辑进行判断。例如：2004年北京市海淀区中考试题阅读材料A。其中笫三段是这样的:Astheygoaroundtown,thepolicehelppeople.Sometimestheyfindlostchildren.Theytakethechildrenhome.Ifthepoliceseeafight,theyputanendtoitrightaway・Sometimespeoplewillaskthepolicehowtogettoaplaceintown.Thepolicecanalwaystellthepeoplewhichwaytogo.Theyknowallthestreetsandroadswell.文章后面有这样一道题：53.Inthetext,"putanendto”means“: A.stopB.cutC.killD.fly根据文章所提供的情景，如果警察看到有人在打架，他们肯定会去制止。因为制止打架斗殴是警察的职责。根据这--推理，答案应该是A。⑶根据并列、同位关系猜测词义。例如：福州市2004年屮考英语试题的阅读材料B。Thereisaplaceonourearthwherehotwaterandsteamcomeupundertheground.ItisonalargeislandinthePacificOcean.TheislandisNorthIslandinNewZealand・101-Whatdocstheword“steam”meaninChinese?A.自来水B.大气C.冰川D.蒸汽从语法上看，steam和hotwater是并列关系，我们就以断定这两种东西是相关的，是同一类笫物质。在所给第四个选项中只有“蒸汽”有这种可能。(4)根据背景和常识判断。请看2004年北京市海淀区中考试题的阅读材料C:WatchingsomechildrentryingtocatchbutterfliesoneAugustafternoon,Iwasremindedofanincidentinmyownchildhood.WhenIwasaboyoftwelveinSouthCarolina,somethinghappenedtomethatmademeneverputanywildcreature(livingthing)inacage(笼子).Welivedontheedgeofaforest,andeveryeveningatduskthemockingbirdswouldcomeandrestinthetreesandsing.Thereisntamusicalinstrumentmadebymanthatcanproduceamorebeautifulsoundthanthesongofthemockingbird・1decidedthatIwouldcatchayoungbirdandkeepitinacageandinthatway,Iwouldhavemyownprivatemusician.Ifinallysucceededincatchingoneandputitinacage.Atfirst,beingscared,thebirdfluttered(扌卜腾)aboutthecage,butfinallyitsettleddowninitsnewhome.Ifeltverypleasedwithmyselfandlookedforwardtosomebeautifulsingingfrommylittlemusician.Ontheseconddayofthebirefscaptivity,mynewpet"smotherflewtothecagewithfoodinhermouth.Thebabybirdateeverythingshebroughttoit.1waspleasedtoseethis.CertainlythemotherknewbetterthanIhowtofeedherbaby・ThefollowingmorningwhenIwenttoseehowmycaptive(caged)birdwasdoing,Idiscovereditonthefloorofthecage,dead・Iwasterriblysurprised!Whathadhappened!Ihadtakenextremelycareofmylittlebird,orsoIthought.ArthurWayne,thefamousornithologist,whohappenedtobevisitingmyfatheratthetime,hearingmecryingoverthedeathofmybird,explainedwhathadhappened・“Amothermockingbird,findingheryounginacage,willsometimesbringitpoisonberries(毒莓).Shethinksitbetterforheryoungtodiethantoliveincaptivity.”Neversincethenhave1caughtanylivingcreatureandputitinacage・Alllivingcreatureshavearighttolivefree.59.Anornithologistisprobablyapersonwho.A.studiesbirdsB.lovescreaturesC・majorsinhabitsD.lakescareoftreesOrnithologist这个词从來没有见到过，但是通过他的语言我们可以判断出这是一个对岛很有研究的人。我很爱鸟，把鸟装在笼子里，并细心照料，而且鸟的母亲也飞过來喂这只鸟，但这只鸟却死了，我很不理解。到我家来的这个人给我详细解释了鸟死的原因，说明这个人非常懂鸟。据此，我们可以断定答案影视A。除了前面提到的方法以外，还冇下面一些方法：(5)根据同义、反义关系猜测词义。(6)根据因果关系猜测词义。1.如何确定细节和事实？ 在阅读理解题bl屮，有相当一部分是考杳细节和事实的题目。这类题目相对容易一些。这些题目有两个共同特点：(1)凡属针对特定细节的考题，其正确答案大都口J以在阅读材料中找到对应的文字部分作为验证。这一部分可能是一个词或短语，也可能是一个句子或相关的若干句子，但句式、用词和表达方式不同。(2)干扰项往往是主体思想与细节混杂，正确答案细节和非正确答案的细节混朵，甚至真假混朵。因此，要做好阅读理解小的确定细节和事实的题目，一要在文章小找出相应的信息点，二要排除T扰项。请看2003年陕西省中考英语试题阅读理解题第48小题：Whatdoplantsmakefoodfrom?Theymakefoodfrom・A.sunlight,waterandthingsinthesoilandairB・water,sunlightandthingsinthesoilA.waterandthingsinthesoilandairB.water,sunlightandthingsinthesoil这一小题考杏的就是文章的细节和事实。这i细节和事实的表述在文章屮可以盲接找到：Plantsare"factories”.Theymakefoodfromsunlight,waterandthingsinthesoilandair.1.如何进行推断？所谓推断，就是根据阅读材料中所提供的信息,推断出未知的信息。即把有关的文字作为已知部分，从中推断出未知部分。据以推断的有关文字可能是词或句子，也可能是若干句子，捷至是全文。中考英语试题中的推断题很多，包括的面也很人。其类型主要有以下几种：（1）事实推断：这种推断常常针对某一个或几个具体细节，是比较简单的推断。进行这种推断，要首先在文章中找出据以推断的有关文字，然后加以分析，尤其要悟出字里行间的意思。请看2002年南京市中考英语试题阅读理解笫14小题：Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcanyoumostpossiblywatchonTV?A.Youoftenplayfootballwithyourfriendsafterschool.B.Yourteacherhasgotacold.C.Atigerinthecityzoohasrunoutandhasn"tbeencaught.D.Thebikeinfrontofyourhouseislost.在阅读材料中，有这样一段文字：Secondly,anewsstoryhastobeinterestingandunusual.Peopledon"twanttoreadstoriesabouteverydaylife.Asaresult,manystoriesareaboutsomekindofdangerandseemtobe"bacf、news・根据这段文字，我们町以推断：电视报道的新闻故事硕是有趣的和不平常的。因此，正确答案应为C。推断题还包括以下儿个方而：（2）指代推断：确定指代词的含义和指代对象是阅读理解题常见的题目。要确定指代词所指代的对象，关键在于对所在上下文的正确理解。指代名词的指代词，其单复数形式英语被指代的词一致，因此数的形式可作为识别指代对象第一个辅助标志。（3）逻辑推断这类题冃往往是耍求根据文章所提供的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言来推断出人物的态度或感觉。（4）对作者的意图和态度的推断这一类考题人都要求考生就作者对论述对象持什么样的态度做出推断，如作者对所陈述的观点是赞同、反对，还是犹豫不定，对记述或描写的人、物或事件是赞颂、同情、冷漠，还是厌恶。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩不一定直接表述出来，而往往隐含在字里行间。因此，进行这种推断时，我们既要依靠短文的主题思想作为推力的前提，乂要注意作者的措辞，尤其是形容词一类的修饰语。【小考范例】请看2004年陕西屮考英语试题阅读理解A部分：A）根据下面一篇短文的内容判断下列句子的正误,正确的用”A”表示,错误的用“B”表示。（共5小题，计5分）（A） NowTVprogramsplayanimportantpartinourdailylife.Wecangetalotofknowledgeandalotoffunfromit.TodayisSaturday.ThefollowingaresomeTVprogramsondifferentchannelstoday.NowreadtheseTVprogramsandtrytofindsomeinformationforyouandyourfamilymembers.SXTVChannel7SXTVChannel713:12FootballMatchXATVChannel415:30TVPlaySXTVChannel6CCTVChannel11&30CartoonFilm12:38LawToday19:00CCTVChannel1NewsReportCCTVChannel321:00TheLatestMusic41.Mygrandfatherisinterestedinlaws.HecanwatchCCTVChannel1atnoon.42.Myfatherisafootballfan.Heprefersfootballmatches.HecanwatchCCTVChannel1.43.MymotherlikeswatchingTVplays・ShewantstowatchXATVChannel4intheafternoon.44.Mysisterisonlysixyearsold.Iwanttofindaprogramforher.IthinkshecanwatchCCTVChannel6.45.Fmastudent.Ilikemusic,butIamverybusytonight.SoIcanwatchCCTVChannel3thisevening.41.Ao这是一道考查细节和事实的题目。从表中我们可以看到，中午12点38分中央电视台1频道有“今口说法”节目，父亲当然可以观看。42.Bo这是一道考查细节和事实的题目。查看屮央电视台1频道所有的节目没有一个是播放足球赛的，所以这个陈述是错谋的。43.A。这是一道考查细节和事实的题目。从衣屮我们可以看到，15点30分陕西电视台4频道播放电视剧,母亲完全可以看。44.Bo这是一道考查细节和事实的题冃。从表中町以看到，查看中央电视台6频道所有的节冃没冇一个是六岁的妹妹看的儿童节目。45.Bo这是一道考查细节和事实的题目。今天晚上我很忙，因此不可能看电视。再看2004年阅读理解B部分：B）阅读下面连篇短文，从个小题所给的四个选项中选出能冋答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳答案。（共10小题,计20分）（B）Theunderseaworldisverybeautiful.Nowmoreandmorepeoplewanttodiveinthewatertofindthesecretsthere・Scubadivingisanewsporttoday.Itcantakeyouintoawonderfulunderseaworld・Youwillfindmanystrangeanimalsinthesea.Someareaslargeasaschoolbus.Manyseaanimalsgiveoutlightinthedarkandsomehavesharpteeth.Duringtheday,thereisenoughlight.Here,underthesea,everythingisblueandgreen.Whenfishswimnearby,youcancatchthemwithyourhands・Whenyouhavebottlesofaironyourback,youcanstayindeepwaterforalongtime.However,youcarftdivetoodeep・Andyoumustbeverycarefulwhenyoudiveindeepwate匚Thedeepseaisnotaneasyplacetolivein.It"scold,andit"sdark,too.Thedeeperitis,thelesssunlightthereis.Atabout3,000feet,thereisnolightatall.Itisdarkinthesea・Manyfisheshavenoeyes・Somehavebigeyes・Afewhaveeyesononeside・Besides（I徐了）thecoldanddarkness,deep-seaanimalsfaceathirddanger■一otheranimals.Animalseat!Theymustfindfoodtoeat.Manyanimalseatplants.However,someAnimalseatmeat.Thismeanstheseseaanimalshaveanimalshavetwobigjobs.Theyneedtofindanimalsasfood,andtheyhavetotrynottobecomeotheranimals9meal. 41.Whydopeoplewanttodiveinthesea?Because.A.theywanttocatchfishB.theywanttofindthesecretsoftheunderseaworldC・theseaisdeepD・thereareallkindsofplantsinthesea42.Inthedaytime,whenyoudiveinthesea,you.A.canseeeverythinggreenandblueB.can"tbeindangerC.canatchnothingD・can"seeanythingclearly4&Howmanydangerswillanimalsmeetinthedeepsea?A.One.B.Two.C.Three.D.Four.49.Whenyoudoscubadiving,youcan.A.stayindeepwaterforalongtimeB.divevery,verydeepC.liveindeepwatereasilyD.divefreelywithoutanydangers50.WhichofthefollowingisWRONG?A.Oneanimalsfindssomethingtoeat,anditmaybeeatenbyothers.B.Atthedepthof3,000feetunderthesea,manyanimalscanfindtheirwaybyhearingandfeeling.C・Thedeepertheseais,thedarkerandcolderitis.D.Atthedepthof3,000feetunderthesea,allanimalscanfindtheirwaybyseeing.41.B。这是一道考查细节和事实的题日。文章开头的第二句明确说明了这一点。“现在越来越多的人想潜水，为的是寻找海下世界的秘密”。42.A。这是一道考查细节和事实的题冃。文章第三段开头就说明了这一事实。“Duringtheday,thereisenoughlight.Here,underthesea,everythingisblueandgreen.5543.Co这是一道考查细节和事实的题目。文章的第5段说明了这一问题：Besides（除了）thecoldanddarkness,deep-seaanimalsfaceathirddanger—otheranimals.44.Ao这是一道考查细节和事实的题冃。文章的第三段有这样一句话：Whenyouhavebottlesofaironyourback,youcanstayindeepwaterforalongtime.背着空气瓶潜水就是“scubadiving”。45.Do这是一道考杳细节和事实的题目。文章的第四段冇这样的叙述：Atabout3,000feet,thereisnolightatall.Itisdarkinthesea・Manyfisheshavenoeyes.在3,（）（）（）米的深处，一点光线都没有，很多于都没有眼睛，他们怎麽能够通过“看”來找到路呢？【满分演练】（1）根据下面一篇短文的内容判断下列句了的正谋，正确的用”A”表示，错误的用“B”表示。Youngpeopleareoftenunhappywhentheyarewiththeirparents.Theysaythattheirparentsdon"tunderstandthem.Theyoftenthinktheirparentsaretoostrictwiththem,andtheyarenevergivenafreehand.Parentsoftenfinditdifficulttowintheirchildrenstrust（信任）andtheyseemtoforgethowtheythemselvesfeltwhentheywereyoung.Forexample,youngpeopleliketodothingswithoutmuchthinking.It"soneoftheirwaystoshowthatthey growupandtheycandowithanydifficultthings.Olderpeoplewoixymoreeasily.Mostofthemplan（计戈ij）thingsaheadanddon"tliketheirplanstobechanged・Whenyouwantyourparentstoletyoudosomething,youwillhavebettersuccess（成功）ifyouaskbeforeyoureallystartdoingit.Youngpeopleoftenmaketheirparentsangrybyclothestheywant,themusictheyenjoyandsomethingelse・Buttheydon"tmeantocause（弓I起）anytrouble.Theyjustfeelthatinthiswaytheycanbecutofffromtheoldpeople"sworldandtheywanttomakeanewculture（文化）oftheirown.Andiftheirparentsdon"tliketheirmusicorclothesortheirmannerofspeech,theyoungpeoplefeelveryunhappy・Sometimesyouevendon^twantyourparentstosay,“Yes”towhatyoudo.Youwanttostayathomealoneanddowhatyoulike・Ifyouplantocontrol（控制）yourlife,you"dbetterwinyourparentstrustandtrytogetthemtounderstandyou.Ifyourparentsseethatyouhavehighsenseofresponsibility（责任感），theywillcertainlygiveyoutherighttodowhatyouwanttodo.1.Whenyoungpeoplearewiththeirparents,theydon9tfeelpleased.2.Whatyoungpeoplethinkisdifferentfromwhatolderpeopledo.3.Whatyoungpeopledoistomaketheirparentsunhappy・4.Whenchildrengrowup,theyhopetoletthemdoeverythingalone.5.Ifyoutrytogetyourparentstounderstandyou,youmustdowellineverything.（2）根据下面一篇短文的内容判断下列句子的正误，正确的用“A”表示，错误的用“B”表示。Yesterdayevening,whenIwenttotownwithmymother,wemetastrangeoldman.Itwasraininghardandwehadnoumbrella（伞）・Weweretryingtogetintoataxiwhenhecameuptous.Hewascarryinganiceumbrellaandhesaidthathewouldgiveittousforonlyapound・Hehadforgottenhiswallet,hesaid,neededtaxi-fare（出租汽车费）togobackhome・Mymotherdiclrftbelievewhathehadsaidatfirst,andaskedhimalotofquestions.Buttheoldmandidn"tgetintoataxi.Wefollowed（住艮随）himandfoundhewentintoapub（小酒店）andboughthimselfaglassofwhiskey（威上总）withthepound・Afterhedrankit,heputonhishatandtookuponeofthemanywetumbrellasthereandwentoffwiththenewone.Soonafterthat,hesolditagain.1.Theoldmansoldanumbrellatothewriterandhermother.2.Hegaveittothemforonlyapoundbecausehehadforgottenhiswalletandneededtaxifaretogobackhome・3.Theumbrellawasworthmorethanonepound.4.Theoldmansoldhisownumbrella.5.Hewasanhonestman.（3）根据下面一篇短文的内容判断下列句子的正误，正确的用”A”表示，错误的用“B”表示。In1605,ascientisttookawillowbranch（柯卩枝）andplantedit.Hedidn，tplantitintheground,however.Heplanteditinavaseofsoil（泥土）・Forthenextfiveyears,thescientistwateredthatwillowcarefully.Thewillowgrewandgrew・Wherediditgetthefoodforitsgrowth?Tomostpeople,thiswasaneasyquestion.Thewillowplant,ofcourse,tookthefoodfromthesoil.Thescientist,however,wantedevidence（证据）・Ifthewillowtookthefoodfromthesoilforitsgrowth,then,asitgrewandweighedmore,thesoiloughttoweighless.Heweighedthewillowbranchbeforeheplantedit.Itweighedfivepounds.Thenheweighedthesoil・Itweighed200pounds・Afterfiveyears,heweighedtheplantandthesoilagain.Thewillowtreeweighed169pounds,butthesoilweighedalmostthesame・Theresul（（结果）wassuiprising.Wheredidthe164poundscomefrom? Aftermanyinvestigations（调查），thescientistgottheanswe匚Hehadgivenwatertothewillow,andthewillowgotitsfoodfromthewater.Hewasright,inaway.Todayweknowmoreaboutthequestion.1.Thescientistdidtheexperimentinthesixteenthcentury.2.Mostpeoplethoughttheplantgotthefoodfromthesoilforitsgrowth.3.Thesoilinthevaseweighedtwohundredpounds・4.Thescientistfoundthatthewillowgrewandweighedmoreandthesoilweighedless.5.Thesoilweighed164poundsafterfiveyears.6.Nowweknowaboutthequestionasmuchasthescientistdid.⑷根据下面一篇短文的内容判断下列句子的正课，正确的用”A”表示，错误的用“B”表示。OneafternoonBobandJanewerewalkingalongaquietstreetwhentheyheardabignoisefromthestreetcomer.Theyranthereandfoundthatasmallcarhadknockedintothesideofatruck.Boththecardriverandthetruckdriverwerehurt."BobJsaidJane,"runbackdowntheroadtoMrsDay，shouse・Askhertocallthepoliceandtheambulance（救护车）.Hurryup.V11stayhere.”Bobwentoffasfastashecould・TherewasnothingJanecoulddobutwait.Sheknewthatwhenpeoplewerehurtinanaccident,theyshouldn"tbemoved・Itwasn"tlongbeforethepolicecarandtheambulancearrived・Thepolicemengotthecardooropenandmovedthemanout.Thentheygotthetruckdriverout.Luckily,themenwerentbadlyhurt,buttheywerebothtakentohospital.ThepolicementhankedBobandJane.“Youwereverygoodtoactsoquicklywhenyousawtheaccident.Thankyouforallyourhelp.”1•Theaccidenthappenedinaquietstreetoneafternoon.2.Bob,Jane,MrsDayandthepolicemenheardthenoise.3.Bothofthedriverswerehurtintheaccident.4.JaneaskedBobtocallthepolice.5.Janehadgotthedriversoutbeforethepolicemenarrived・（5）InAmerica,justasinEurope,menusuallyopendoorsforwomen,andwomenalwayswalkaheadofmenintoaroomorarestaurant,unless（I徐）themenhavetobeaheadoftheladiestochoosethetable,toopenthedoorofacarordosomeotherthingsliketheaboveOnthestreet,menalmostalwayswalkorcrossthestreetontheclosersideoftheladiestothetrafficButifamanwalkswithtwoladies,heshouldwalkbetweenthemThenifthehost（男主人）orhostess（女主人）orbothofthemcomeinacartogettheirguestfordinner,theguestshouldsitatthefrontseatandleavethebackseatthoughthereisnopeoplesittingonit1•InAmericamenusuallyA.walkaheadofwomenB•eatinarestaurantA.walkbehindwomenD.driveacartowork2.InthestreetmenA.crossthestreetB•walkontherightsideoftheladiesA.walkontheclosersideoftheladiestothetrafficD・walkneartheladies3.Ifamanwalkswithtwoladies,heshouldA•walkbetweenthemB.runbeforethemC.followthemD・goaway4.IfMrs.Greenwantsyoutoherhouseinacar,youshould A•sitbesideaguestB•sitatthefrontseatC.sitatthebackseatD.drivethecar（6）LastSunday1sawtheworststorm（暴风雨）inyearsItcamesuddenlyandwentonformorethanthreehoursAfterlunch,1wentintomyroomtohavearest.Theairwashot,andallwasquietThenstrongwindstartedblowingintomyroomPiecesofpaperonmydeskflewhighintotheairandsomeflewoutoftheopenwindowAsIranouttocatchthem,bigdropsofrainbegantofall.WhenIcamebackintothehouse,itwasrainingharderandharderItriedveryhardtoclosethewindowThenIheardaloudcrashing（碰撞fl勺）soundfromthebackofthehouse.Iranoutofmyroomtorindoutwhatitwas,abigtreehadfallendownandbrokenthetopofthebackroom.1•Beforethestonn,theweatherwasA・coldB.coolC.warmD・hot2.ThewindblewsomeofthepaperA・alloverthefloorB.outofthedoorC.intothebackroomD-outoftheopenwindow3.ThetopofthebackroomwasbrokenbecauseofA.thestrongB.thefallingtreeC.therainD.thecrashingsound（7）Lighttravelsataspeedwhichisaboutamilliontimesfasterthanthespeedofsound.Youcangetsomeideaofthisdifferencebywatchingthestartofarace・Ifyoustandsomedistanceawayfromthestarter,youcanseesmokefromhisgunbeforethesoundreachesyourears.ThisgreatspeedoflightproducessomestrangefactsSunlighttakesabout8minutestoreachusIfyoulookatthelightofthemoontonight,rememberthatthelightraysleftthemoon1.3secondsbeforetheyreachedyouTheneareststarissofarawaythatthelightthatyoucanseefromittonightstartedtotraveltowardsyoufouryearsagoataspeedofnearly2millionkm.perminute.Insomecases,thelightfromoneoftonightsstarshadstartedonitsjoumeytoyoubeforeyouwerebom.Thus,ifwewanttobehonest,wecanftsay,"Thestarsareshiningtonight11Wehavetosayinstead,MThestarslookprettyTheywereshiningfouryearsago,buttheirlighthasonlyjustreachedtheearth.n1•LightspeedissoundspeedA.asfastasB•amilliontimesslowerthanC.aboutmillionsoftimesfasterthanD・aboutamilliontimesfasterthan2.Ifyoustand200metresawayfromamanwhoisfiringaguntostartarace,youwillfindoutthatA.youcanhearthesoundbeforeyouseethesmokeB.thesounddoesnottravelasfastaslightC.thesoundwillreachyoubeforethemanfiresD.soundtravelsaboutamilliontimesfasterthanlight3.Sunlightobviously（明显地）thanthelightofthemoonA-hastotravelagreaterdistanceB.moveslessquicklyC.travelsmuchmorequicklyD.islesspowerful（有力白勺）4.Thescientificwayofsaying"Thestarsareshiningtonight”shouldbeA.thestarshavebeenshiningallthetimeB•thestarsseentonightwillshinefouryearslater C-thestarswereshininglongagobutseentonightD・thestarlightseentodaycouldbeseenfouryearsago（8）Drinkingtoomuchalcohol（酒，酒精）seemstogivepleasuretomanypeopleHabitalonecankeeppeopledrinkingHowever,manyheavydrinkerscanoffersomeotherreasonsfortheiractions.Rightnowdoctorsaregettingsomeattentionintheirprotestsagainstheavydrinking.ManypeoplehavecutdownontheirdrinkingIngeneral,everyonebelievesthedoctors1warnings.Itissometimesveryeasytostopdrinkingheavily・Forexample,atapartyamanhasjustonedrink.Hecanstopthinkingabouthavinganotherone.Bothhealthconsiderationsandthehighcostofdrinkinghelphimtostayawayfromalcohol.Allofhisfriendshelp,too.Theyalwaysunderstandhisproblemandarereallyconcerned・Theheavydrinkerneedsfriendslikethese・1•DrinkingtoomuchalcoholA.seemstogivepleasuretomanypeopleB.isahabitC.isreasonableD・willdogoodtopeople2.Paragraph(段落)2says:A.DoctorsareagainstheavydrinkingB•Peopleusuallybelievethedoctors*warningsC.ManypeoplehavecutdownontheirdrinkingD・alloftheabove3•AheavydrinkerA.believesthedoctors*warningsB•hasnoreasonsfordrinkingC.needsfriendstohelphimstopdrinkingheavilyD・can"tstayawayfromalcohol2.ThebesttitleforthepassageisA・AlcoholB.NoDrinkingC.AHeavyDrinkerD・GiveItUp(9)Tomdidn"tlivetoofarawayfromschool.Sohewentthereandcamebackonfooteveryday.Onhiswaytoschoolhepassedawetplaygroundwhenitrained・Onedaytheboycamehomeverywet.Hismotherbecameveryangryandsaid,HDonrtplayinthewateronyourwayhomeortoschool/1Thenextdayhecamehomeverywetagain.Hismotherbecameevenangrie匚MIwilltellyourfatherifyoucomehomewetagain/shesaid,”Thenhe"llpunishyou.nThenextdaytheyoungboywasdrywhenhecamehomefromschool.HYouwereagoodboytoday/hismothersaid,MYoudidn"tplayinthewater/MNo/heansweredsadly,"ThereweresomanybigboysinthewaterwhenIgottherethisafternoonthattherewasn"tanyroomformeatall.H1.Therewasaonhiswaytoschool.A.parkB.lakeC・playgroundD.river2.TorrTsmothergotangrybecause.A.TomwasallwetB.TomwasdryC.Tomdidn"tgotoschoolD.itrained3.Themeaningoftheunderlinedwordpunishis・A.同意B.惩罚C.怜悯D.放弃 (10)WHERETOSTAYINBOSWELLYOURGUIDETOOURBESTHOTELSChoosethebestanswersaccordingtothetableabove・l.IfyouwanttoeatChinesefood,youwillgototherestaurantin・A.theFairviewHotelB.theFirstHotelC.theOrchardHotelD.theOsakaHotel2.ThecheapestpriceforasinglebedisininBoswell.A.S12,theFirstHotelB.$15,theOsakaHotelC.$12,theFairviewHotelD.$25,theOrchardHotel3.Thenumberoftheroomsinthehotelwiththebestspecialatlructionsis・A.120B.470C.450D.1804.1faJapanesetravelerlikestoeatinaFrenchrestaurant,istherightplaceforhimtogo(o.A.233EdwardRoadB.12364VenningRoadC.222EdwardRoadD」29NorthRoad2.WhichhotelfacestheOrchardHotel?A.TheFirstHotelB.TheOsakaHotelC.TheFairviewHotelD.NoHotel（11）Ronistenyearsold.HelovestowatchTV.ButforonefullyearhedidnotwatchTVatall.Whatwasthereason?Ron，sparentssaidtheywouldgivehim$600ifhedidrftwatchTVforayear.Ron"sparentsthoughthewatchedtoomuchTV.Onedayhismothersawanews-paperstoryaboutaboywhodidn^twatchTVforayea匚SheshowedthestorytoRon.Ronlikedtheidea・HeturnedofftheTVrightaway,andsaid,T（doesn^bothermenottowatchTV.Ijustwantthemoney.”Atfirst,Rorfsparentswereveryhappy.Ronreadbooksandnewspapers,playedoutside,playedcomputergames,andplayedcardswithhismother.Butaftersometime,hegotbored（厌烦）.Everymorning,heaskedhisparents,aWhatarewedoingtonight?^SometimeshismotherandfatherwishedhewouldwatchTVjustforoneevening.Ronalwayssaid,“No,让wouldcostmemoney!"Finallytheyearwasover.ThenRonstaredwatchinghisfavouriteTVshowsalldaylongagain・Rongotthemoneyfromhisparents・Whatdoesheplantodowiththe$600?TwanttobuymyselfaTVset!9"hesaid.1•Rondidn"twatchTVforoneyearbecause・A・hewantedthemoneyB.watchingTVtoomuchisbadC.hewantedtostudyharderD・hewantedtolearnfromtheboy2.Ttdoesn"tbothermenottowatchTV^means“It"stowatchTVM.A・wastetimeB.impoilantformeC.notuseD.notimportantforme3.Ronthoughtforhimtoreadandplayallthetime・A.itwasgreatfunB.itwasnofunC・itwasenjoyableD.itwasgood4.Ron"slastwordswouldhisparents・A・pleaseB.frightenC.surpriseD.excite5.Thebesttitleforthestoryis・A.AFunnyStoryB.AYearwithoutTV C.AGoodBoyD.BuyingaTVSet（12）J・K・RowlingisthewriterofHarryPotter,whichisnowoneofthebestsellersintheworld・J.K.RowlingwasborninBristolonJuly31st,1965・Shehasonesisterwhoistwoyearsyoungerthanhe匚Bothgirlslovedlisteningtotheirfatherreadingbedtimestoriestothem.Theyespeciallylovedstoriesaboutmagicalworlds.Rowlingwroteherfirststory,calledRabbit,attheageofsix.Aftershegraduatedfromtheuniversity,Rowlingworkedasatranslator（翻译者）inLondon.Duringthistime,onalongtraintripinthesummerof1990,theideacametoherofaboywhohasmagicbutdoesn"tknowit.In1992RowlingbegantoteachEnglish.Shelivedwithherbabydaughter,Jessica,andspentmuchtimefinishingthefirstHarryPotterbookforyoungreaders・ItappearedinJune1997.Tohersurprise,thebookwasgreatlysuccessful.ThefilmcameoutinNovember2001・NowHarryPotterseries（系歹U）ispopularwithpeopleofallagesandabout60millionbooksweresoldin200countries.Whyhastheseriesbeensosuccessful?Thereareafewthings.Manyothermagicalstoriestakeplaceinfarawaylandsorinpastorfuturetimes.ButHarrylivesinmodem（现彳弋的）England・He，salsoaverynormal（平常的）boy:polite,friendly,braveandclever.SowhenotherchildrenreadaboutHarry,theycanimaginebeinglikehim.J.K・Rowlingisveryhappywiththesuccess,andsheisnowbusyfinishingthewholeseriesofsevenbooks.She"swritingfulltimeandshe"sreallyenjoyinglife.Shesaysshewillgoonlivinganormallifewithherdaughterandwritingchildreifsbooks・1.Fromthepassage,weknow・A.J.K・RowlingmetaboynamedHarryonalongtraintripB・J.K・RowlinglovedlisteningtostorieswhenshewasveryyoungC.J・K・RowlingistwoyearsyoungerthanhersisterA.HarryPotterisJ・K・Rowling"sfirststory2.ThefirstHarryPotterbookcameoutin.A.July1965B.thesummerof1990C.June1997D.November20013・TheHarryPotterseriesis・A.writtenforyoungpeopleB・onlyenjoyedbychildrenC・onlysoldinEnglandA.aboutayounginspector4・J.K.Rowlinghasbeensuccessful,andshe・A.likestotravelallovertheworldwithherdaughterB.istoobusytoenjoyherlifeC.isexcitedabouthersuccesseverydayD.isstillwritingstoriesforchildren2.HowisHarryPotterseriesdifferentfromothermagicalstories?A.Therearemagicalthings.A.Thestorieshappenedinthemodernworld・B.Ithassevenbooks.C.Ittookmuchtimetofinish・ 【练习答案】(1)1.A2.A3.B4.A5.B(2)1.A2.B3.A4.B5.B(3)1.B2.A3.A4.B5.B6.B(4)1.A2.B3.A4.B5.B(5)1.C2.C3.A4.B(6)1.D2.D3.B(7)1.D2.B3.A4.C(8)1.A2.D3.C4.D(9)1.C2.A3.B44.C45.A46.D47.C48.D49.A50.D(10)l.D2.C3.A4.C5.A(11)1.A2.D3.B4.C5.B(12)1.B2.C3.A4.D5.B