八年级英语语法复习资料 13页

八年级英语语法复习资料行为动词的一般过去时1.过去式的构成：a・动词过去式的变化可速记为“直”、“去”、“双”、“改”四字诀。①一般情况F在动词原形后直接加-ed.如：wanted,played.②以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去掉e再加・ed.如：hoped,lived.③重读闭音节单词需双写最后一个辅音字母再加-ed.如：stopped,planned④以辅音字母+y结尾的动词变y为i，再加-ed.如：studied,worried.b・不规则动词变化，要逐一熟记。2.实义动词过去式的句式。①肯定式：主语+动词过去式+其它。如：Theyhadagoodtimeyesterday.②否定式：主语+didnot(didn"t)+动词原形+其它。如：Theydidn"twatchTVlastnight.③一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其它？肯定回答：Yes,主语+did.否定回答：No,主语+didn,t.如：Didtheyhaveameetingtwodaysago?Yes,theydid./No,theydidn"t.④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其它？女口：Whattimedidyoufinishyourhomework?3.—般过去时的用法：a・主要用于过去某个时间发生的动作或状态。MyfatherworkedinShanghailastyear.b・表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常与often,always等表示频度的时间状语连用。如:Ioftenwenttoschoolonfoot.c・与when等连词引导的状语从句连用。如：Whenhegothome,hehadashortrest.4.—般过去吋的吋间状语：amomentago(冈(J才)，yesterdaymorning,lastnight/week,thedaybeforeyesterday(前天),justnow(刚才),in2006,threedaysago等用所给动词的正确形式填空1.1(go)toschoolyesterday.2.She(play)footballlastweek.3.Look!Jack(sing)now.4.You(read)thenewpaperthedaybeforeyesterday.5.1(see)Jackinthezoolastweekend.6.1(do)myhomeworklastnight7.She(open)themailboxthedayaftertomorrow.8.1(help)thelittlebabydrinkthemilkthenextmorning.9.Thefarmers(work)onthefarmnextweek.1().Myparents(watch)TVlastMonday.句型转换 1.IwenttothepartylastFriday.(一般疑问句)youtothepartylastFriday?2・IhadanicetimelastSunday.（|呵」二）younicetimelastSunday?3.WewenttoLondontwoyearsago.（対划线提问）youtoLondon?4.Hedidhishomeworkinthemorning・（否定句）Hehishomeworkinthemorning..现在完成时考点分析一、现在完成时的基本知识（一）构成：现在完成时由"助动词have/has+动词的过去分词”构成。Have和has无词义，在人称代词后面have和has可分别缩写4ve和乜。过去分词同过去式一样，一般在动词词动词词尾加edo不规则变化则要牢记在心。（二）用法：（1）表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already（已经）,ever（曾经）,yetjust（刚刚）,before（以前）等词连用。如：Wehavealreadyreadthebook.（2）表示过去发生的动作持续到了现在，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用。如：Mr.GreenhaslivedinBeingforthreeyears・格林先牛住在北京三年了。二、现在完成时的标志词是否使用现在完成时不仅可以通过了解旬了的汉语意思套用其某木用法，还可以通过观察吋间标，忐词。和现在完成吋态连用的吋间状语主要有以下三种：1.句中出现just,never,ever,already,yet等词时句子一般使用现在完成时。例如：Ihavealreadyhadmylunch・Hehasn"tfoundtheanswertothequestion・2.for+—段时间或since+点时间或引导时间状语从句（一般多为过去时）。例如：Hehasbeenateacher20years.Ihaveknownhimwewerelittle-boys.3.sofar（到目前为止），inthepast/last+表示一段时间的词语。例如：Ihaven"tseenhim.Hehasn"ttalkedwithmethreedays.（一）考杳现在完成时的一般用法（）1.一Kitty,willyougotoseethefilmColdMountainthisevening?一No,IwontIitalready.A.sawB.haveseenC.seeD・willsee（）2.GonewiththeWindisawell—knownnovel.Sheittwice.A.readB.isreadingC.readsD.hasread（）3•一Howlongyouhere?一Forabouttwoyearssofar.A.have;studiedB.did;liveC.do;stayD・havechanged（二）考查非延续性动词与一段时间连用的表达方式（）1.—Oh.Mrs.king,yourdresslooksnice.Isitnew?—No,Iitsincetwoyearsago. A•hadB•havehadC.boughtD•havebought（）2.Jeffborrowedahistorybookfromhisfriend.Heitforaweek.A.hasborrowedB.haslentC.haskeptD.lend（）3.Thestudentsaresorrytohearthatthefamoussingerforhalfanhour. (三)考查haw/hasbeento,have/hasgoneto与have/hasbeenin的区别()1.一Where"syourfather?一HeShanghai.HeUlbebacknextweek.A•hasgonetoB•hasbeentoC•havegonetoD.havebeento()2.一WhereisDavid?HetoEnglandonbusiness.A・isgoingB.hasgoneC.hasbeenD.goes()3.youevertotheUnitedStates?Yes,twice.A•Have;goneB•Have;beenC.Do；goD.Were;going(四)考查与since接时间状语时的区别()1.一Whatanicedog!Howlonghaveyouhadit?・■一twoyears.A.ForB.SinceC.Insince()2.MissGaohastaughtinthisschool1993.A.forB.atC.inD.(五)考査现在完成时与一般过去时的区别()1.-一HehasalreadygonetoEngland.…Whenhethere?A.will;goB.is;goingC・did;goD.has;gone()2.一Haveyoureadthisbook?一yes,Iittwoweeksago.-A•amreadingB・havereadC.willreadD•read(六)现在完成时在特定语境下的使用()1.Helen,1toldyoutodoyourhome-workascarefullyasyoucan?—Yes,butIfewermistakesthanIusuallydo.A.wasmakingB・havemadeC.willmakeD・hadmade()2.一Hasthematchstarted?一Started?Finished!GuoYuc•A.iswinningB・winsC・willwinD.haswon()3・XiaoWangEnglishforthirteenyears.SohecanspeakquitegoodEnglish.A.hadlearnedB.haslearnedC・willbelearningD・1earns()4.Thefilmforhalfanhour.A.hasbegunB.hasbeenbegunC.hasbeenonD.began()5.Youdon"thavetodescribehe匚Iherseveraltimes.A.hadmetB・havemetC・meetD.met()6・MissYangisnotathome・Shetotheschoollibrary・A.wentB.hasbeenC・goesD.hasgone()7.HehasnevervisitedtheGreatHallofthePeople.?A.hasn"theB.hasheC・docsheD.doesn"the 过去进行时的用法 ［概念］表示在过去的某一时间正在进行的动作或存在的状态1wascookingatfiveyesterdayafternoon昨天下午五点钟我正在做饭。Mymotherwasdoingsomehouseworkatthistimelastweek.上周的这个时候我妈妈在做家务。［判断依据］时间状语atthistimeyesterday,atthattimelastweek,atnineyesterdayevening,fromseventotenlastnight等，when或while引导时间状语从句的主、从复合句。Mysistershomeworkfromseventotenlastnight.昨晩七点到九点我的妹妹们在做她们的家庭作业。MyfatherTVatnineyesterdayevening.昨晚九点我父亲在看电视。Ianewspaperwhenhecamein.他进来时，我正在看报。WhileIhome,ImetMrGreen.我步行回家时遇到了格林先牛.Myfatherwasreadinganewspaperwhilemymother•妈妈做饭吋爸爸在看报。注：1.含when或while的主、从复合句中一般过去时与过去进行时连用，一般过去时往往表示某一个时间点，过去进行时表示一个时间段，该时间点包含在该段时间内。2.while引导时间状语从句的主、从复合句，两个过去进行时并用，表示动作同吋发生，常表示对比。［肯定式］主语+was/were+v-ing+其它。过去进行吋中与现在进行吋中的动词的ing形式构成方式和同，单数主语用was+v-ing,复数主语和you用were+v-ingoHewhenshearrived.她到达时他正在睡觉。Weourclothesatnineo"clocklastSundaymorning.我们上星期天的上午九点在洗衣服。［否定式］主语+was/werenot+v-ing+其它。Hetheviolinateightoclockyesterdayevening.昨天晩上八点他不在练小提琴。Theytreesatnineyesterdaymorning.昨天早上九点他们不在卅i树。［特殊疑问式］特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+v-ing+其它？WhatPeteratthattime?那个时候彼特在于什么？WhyyoutothatmallallthetimewhileIwaswaitinghere?我在这儿等时，为什么你一直在与那个人讲话？［一•般疑问式及回答］Was/Were+主语+v-ing+其它？肯定回答:Yes,主语+was/were.否定回答:No,主语+was/werenot.—hefootballwhenyourangme?一No，he•(play)一theyontheplaygroundwhenyouleft?—Yes,they・(play)—itwhenyouwentoutofthecinema?—Yes,itwas.用所给动词的适当形式填空。1・You(have)ameetingat9lastMondaymorning. 1.They(play)footballwhenIpassed.3.She(take)awalkwhenwehadatalk.4.they(try)todrawhorsesontheblackboardwhentheteachercamein? 反意疑问句语法归纳反意疑问句是由两部分纽成的，前一部分是对事物的陈述（即陈述句），后一部分是简短的提问（即简短疑问句），屮间用逗号隔开。如果前一部分用肯定句，后一部分就用否定疑问句；如果前一部分用否定句，后一部分就用肯定疑问句。两部分的人称和吋态耍一致。其冋答是用yes或no来表示。一、陈述句部分有be动词、助动词、情态动词，反问句也用相应的be动词、助动词、情态动词。例如：1・YouarefromAmerica,you?2.YourparentsarenHgoingtohaveaparty.thisSunday,they?3.Thegirlsweresingingwhentheteachercamein,they?4.YoucanspeakFrench,you?5.Anncouldswimwhenshewassix,she?6.M匚Smithvisitourschoolnextweek,won，the?7.YouhavebeentoShanghaibefore,you?&Jackdonehishomework,hashe?二、陈述句部分谓语为行为动词时，反问句要根据动词时态用相应的助动词。一般现在时用do/does,一般过去时用did1・YouoftenwatchTVintheevening,you?2.Thestudentsstudyhard,dothey?3.MarystudiesChinesehard,she?4.TheboydoesiVtoftengotoschoolbybike,he?5.YouwatchedTVlastnight,you?6・JirrfsparentsdidiVtgotoHongKonglastmonth,they?三、祈使句用于反意疑问句中这种类型较特殊，前一部分是祈使旬，后一部分是肯定疑问形式。句型1:Let，s+动词原形+其它，shallwe?・—Let"sgoforawalk,shallwe?•■一Goodidea!句型2:-其它形式的祈使句，?Comeintotheclassroom,willyou?Pleasebecareful,willyou?Don，tpanic,willyou?注意：Therebe句型1•Thereisanoldpictureonthewall,there?2.Therearen"tanychildrenintheroom,?3.Therewasn"tatelephonecallforme,?4.Therewereenoughpeopletopickapples,?5.Therewillbeabasketballmatchtomorrow,? ★值得注意的是有时英语的谓语动词并不川否定式（即没加上not）,而是用上了 “never,little,few,hardly,nothin%nobody"等词,这时该陈述句也属于否定句，因此,反意疑问句的后半部分应用肯定疑问式。①YouhaveneverbeentoBeijing,haveyou?②M匚Fathasfewfriendshere,doeshe?③Thereislittlemilkinthebottle,there?④Hecoulddonothing,he?完成下列反意疑问句:1.Marylistenedtopopmusic,?2.HehasneverbeentoShanghai?3・Hehasfewfriendsatschool，?4clever,good,right,wrong,foolish,careless等形容词,与介词of搭配，这些形容词常表述不定式逻辑主语的属性或性质；句式⑷中常JIJhard,difficult,easy,important等形容词，与介词for搭配，表示不定式表示的动作、行为的性质。二、动词不定式作宾语 ()1.Hewantssomevegetables.A.buyB.buyingC.tobuyD.buys()2.Don"tforgetyourhomeworkwithyouwhenyoucometoschool.A.tobringB.bringingC.totakeD.taking()3.Hefounditverydifficult.A.sleepingB・sleepsC・sleptD.tofallasleep［简析］在want,like,agree,hope,wish,learn>begin,start,decide,hate,choose,forget,remember等动词后面，"J以接不定式作宾语。如果具后接形容词补足语时，则可以用it作形式宾语，而把作真正宾语的不定式放到后而。三、动词不定式作宾语补足语()1-RobertoftenasksushisChinese,sohisChineseismuchbetterthanbefore・A.helphimB.tohelphimwithC.tohelpwithD・helpshimwith()2.MrLioftenteacheshisJapanesefriendsChinesefood・A・cookB.cooksC・tocookD.cooked［简析］不定式可以用作宾语补足语。麻面可以接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask,teach,expect,telballow等。四、动词不定式作状语()1.Shewentherteache匚A.toseeB.IooksC.sawD.seeing()2.McimcilikesEnglishverymuch.ShedocsherbestEnglishwell.A.learnB・learningC.tolearnD.learns［简析］go,come,try,do/tryonefsbest等动词或短语动词作谓语时，其后常常可以接不定式作目的状语。()3.Pmsorrythat.A.hearsB.hearingC・hearD.tohear()4.Pmsorryyou.A.troubleB・totroubleC・troublingD.troubled()5.Mymotherwasverygladheroldfriend.A.tomeetB・meetC・metD.meets［简析］”be+形容词+todosth**结构中的不定式作状语，常表示原因或方式。五、动词不定式作定语()1.Wouldyoulikesomething?A.drinkB.drinkingC・todrinkD.drinks()2.1havealotofhomework.A.doB.doingC.didD.todo()3・Heisnotaneasyman・A.getonB.togetonC・getonwithD・togetonwith［简析］不定式作定语时，常放在被修饰的词语之后，与被修饰的词语为逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系；如果不定式的动词是不及物动词，其后要加上必要的介词或副词，构成的短语动词相当于及物动词。 六、不带to的动词不定式()1.Wesawhimthebuildingandgoupstairs.A.toenterB.enterC.enteringD.entered()2.Somuchworkusuallymakesthemverytired.A.tofeelB.feelsC.feelingD.feel()3.Yourfatherissleeping.You"dbetter.A.notwakeuphimB・nottowakeuphimC.notwakehimupD・nottowakehimup［简析］1•在see,watch,hear,feel等感官动词和make,have,let等使役动词后面作宾语补足语的不定式不带to.2.在"hadbetter"后面接不带to的不定式。七、动词不定式的否定形式()1-Theoldmantoldthechildnoisy.A.notbeB.nottobeC.tonotbeD.benot()2.Thereisgoingtoanimportantmeetingtomorrow.Pleasetrylate.A.have,nottobeB.have,notbeC.be,nottobeD.be,notbe［简析］动词不定式的否定形式通常是在不定式符号to的前面加上not,如果是不带to的不定式就直接在动词原形前面加上not.八、某些动词后面接不定式和接动词・ing形式的区别()1.Pleasestoparestifyoufeeltired.A.tohaveB・havingC.haveD.has()2.一Whydidn"tyoubuysomebreadonyourwayhome?一Sorry,Iforgotsomemoneywithme.A.takeB.takingC.totakeD.took()3.—Let"shavearest,shallwe?—Notnow,Icanrtstoptheletters・A.writeB.towriteC・writingD.andwrite4.Jimwasbadlyhurt,sohehadtostop(walk)双宾语用法耍点此结构由主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(事物)组成。如，Hebringsmecookieseveryday.Shemademeabeautifuldress.但若要先说出直接宾语(事物)，后说间接宾语(人)，则要借助于介词to或for,如，Hebringscookiestomeeveryday.Shemadeabeautifuldressforme.用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。 用for侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。常跟双宾语的动词有：(需借助to的)bring：give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,return,send,show,teach,等。(需借助for的)buy,call,cook,choose,draw,get,make,sing,等。