中考英语语法考点一点通：中考英语语法一点通——非谓语动词 10页

申考英得得依一直通一.动爾亲定式1、不定式的构成不定式的基本形式：9+动词原形，有时可以省略to。这里的to是不定式符号，本身没有意义。动词不定式的否定形式是“not+todo寫2、不定式的句法功能①作主语动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真止的主语放在句末，其结构为：It+be+adj./n.(for/ofsb.)+动词不定式。TolearnEnglishwellisuseful.=ItisusefultolearnEnglishwell.Itisahardjobforustofinishtheworkinsuchashorttime.Itiskindofyoutohelpmealot.②作宾语一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词表示命令、打算或希望，女山wouldlike,want,wish,hope,decide,plan,expect等。Wouldyouliketoseeafilmthisevening? 注意：在find,think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在后而。IfinditeasytoreadEnglisheveryday.①作宾语补足语不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主动关系，常见的这类动词有tell,ask,want,allow,wouldlike,encourage等。Lucyaskedhimtoturndowntheradio.注意：有一-些使役动词和感官类动词也用不定式作宾补，这吋不定式要省略to。常见的这类动词有:let,make,feel,hear,watch,see,notice等。Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight.Isawthethiefwalkacrossthesquare.②作定语不定式作定语时，放在名词后面，两者构成逻辑上的动宾关系，如果不定式是不及物动词，且与被修饰的名词之间有被动关系，要在不定式后面加上适当的介词。Iwantsomethingtoeat.Ineedapentowritewith.③作状语不定式常用来表示目的，作目的状语，也可以在不定式前面加上inorder或者soas。Tosavetime,wetooktheplanetoBeijing.Iwillwritedownthetelephonenumberinorder/soasnottoforgetit.1、动名词的构成 动名词一般由“动词原形+ing”构成。2、动名词的句法功能①作主语动名词作主语表示习惯性、经常性的动作。Eatingtoomuchisbadforyourhealth.②作宾语动名词常放在一些动词或者介词后而作宾语，常见的这类动词有：finish,enjoy,mind,miss,practice,keep,consider,allow,suggest,advise,imagine,risk,feellike,giveup,beworth等。Doyoumindopeningthewindowforus?StudentsoftenpracticespeakingEnglishonthegrass.③作表语动名词作表语，表示习惯性动作。Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.二Collectingstampsishishobby.④作定语动名词作定语表示所修饰的名词的用途。Sheisinthereadingroom.Weshouldimproveourteachingmethods.三、今词1、分词的构成分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种，现在分词由“动词+ing"构成。过去分词由“动词+ed”构 成，但也有不规则形式。现在分词有主动、进行之意；过去分词有被动、完成之意。2、分词的句法功能①作定语Doyouknowthegirlstandingunderthetree?Pleasehandinyourwrittenexercises.②作状语Thestudentswentoutoftheclassroom,talkingandlaughing.③作表语Theboyistoofrightenedtomove.④作宾语补足语Dorftkeepuswaitingforalongtime.Iheardhimsingingintheclassroom・难点突破、劭祠眾足式製合辖构屮用for述是of在kind,good,nice,clever等表示人的品质、特征的形容词后，不用for而用of；在表示事务性质特点的形容词后用foreIt?sverycleverofyoutodoitlikethat.It"sverydifficultformetofinishthetaskinanhour. 二、劭祠眾更式作宾朴和观在今祠作宾补的g剔see,watch,hear,feel等感官类动词后接省略to的不定式作宾语时，表示动作的全过程己经结束,后接现在分词作宾补时，表示动作正在进行。Isawhimcrosstheroad.Isawhimcrossingthetheroad.矣也劭祠后接耒定式和劭名爾的&别动词形式中文意思stopstoptodo停止/中断做某事后去做另一件事stopdoing停止做某事Hestoppedtosmokeacigarette.Imuststopsmoking.forgetforgettodo忘记耍去做某事（未做）forgetdoing忘记做过某事（已做）Don"tforgettoturnoffthelightswhenyouleavetheclassroom.Heforgotturningthelightoff.rememberremembertodo记着去做某事（未做）rememberdoing记得做过某事（已做）Remembertogotothepostofficeafterschool.Dontyourememberseeingthemanbefore? trytrytodo设法或者努力去做某事Jtrydoing尝试着做某事Youmusttrytobemorecarefu1.Itriedopeningthedoor,butIdidntsucceed.regretregrettodo对要做的事情遗憾（未做）regretdoing对做过的事情遗憾（已做）IregrettotellyouthatIfailedtheexam.IdidntregrettellingherwhatIthought.meanmeantodo打算要做某事meandoing意味着做某事Imeanttogo,butmyfatherwouldnotallowmeto.doingthatmeanswastingtime.helpcan"thelp(to)do不能帮助做某事can，thelpdoing情不白禁做某事Shecanthelptocleanthehousebecauseshe"sbusymakingacake.Excuseme.Icouldnthelpoverhearingwhathesaid.goongoontodo放下手中的事，继续做别的事goondoing继续做原来的事 C・walking;toclimbD.walk;toclimb4.一Whatelseshouldwepayattentiontobuildingthebridge?—Thechangeoftheweather,Ithink..A.finishB.finishedC.tofinishD.finishing5.greatfunAndrewhasDIYintheartroomwithhisclassmates!A.What;doingB.What;doneC.How;doingD.How;done6.Thissignisusedtouriststostayawayfromthelioninthezoo.A.towarnB.towarningC.tomakeD.tomaking7.Whatbadweatheritwas!Wedecided•A.togooutB.nottogooutC・tonotgooutD.notgoingout&Wemustdoeverythingwecanwastewaterfromrunningintorivers.A.preventB.preventedC.preventingD.toprevent9.—Whydoesn^tthesurgeonstoplunch?-Becauseheistoobusyadyingpatientintheoperationroom.A.tohave;tosaveB.having;tosaveC・tohave;savingD.having;saving10.XuYuanchong,a96-year-oldman,devotesmostofhislifetimetoworksofliterature.A.translateB・translatesC・translatingD.translated参考答案1-5ABACA6-10ABDCC