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中考英语语法专题复习4形容词、副词一、形容词、副词概论Springiscoming・Thetreesarcgreen,andtheflowersarcbeautiful.多么美的季节啊!我们要去郊游,去感受、去描绘我们周围美好的事物。形容词会帮你忙。可是形容词怎么使用起來老出错呀?不是放错了位置,搞错了级别,就是在使川多个形容词作定语时排错了顺序。当然了,形容词使川时需要遵循一些规则的。想知道吗?接着往下看。abeautifullittlenewwhitewoodenhouse从这个长长的词屮可以看出多个形容词作定语时排列冇一定的先后顺序。它们往往遵循以下规律:冠词或人称代词所冇格+数词+性质+大小+形状+表示老少、新旧+颜色+事物质地、人的国籍、用途。具实,你大可不必这样费神记,只要记住我给你的句子就可以了。Thereissomethingwrongwithmybike。这句话可能让你挠挠头皮,为什么wrong放在something的后面呢?原来虽然大部分形容词做定语吋的位置是放在名词Z前的,但当形容词所修饰的词为something,anything,nothing,everything等以・thing为字尾的词语时,形容词耍后置。形容词级别问题:a.Ourclassroomistwicelargerthantheirso(我们的教室是他们的两倍。)这种表示倍数的句了用…times+形容词比较级+than...这样的格式。你记住了吗?b.I"mthreeyearsolderthanyou.(我比你大三岁。)表示”大三岁,”"高二厘米"等时用”表示数量词的词+比较级”。c.”越来越......“用”比较级+and+比较级”来表示。如:Theearthisgettingwarmerandwarmero(地球变得越來越暖和。)d.”越就越”用nthe+比较级the+比较级…”来表示。如:Thebusierheis,thehappierhefeelso(他越忙,越觉得高兴。)最高级用法的用法就很简单了,提醒你一点,最高级要用于三者以上。还有儿点是不得不提的:alone和lonely:1feellonely,becauseIamaloneathome.你独自一人在家川"alone"表示“单独的”、“独自一人的“,它表示一•个客观事实,在句中只能做表语。你在家感到寂寞,用“lonely",表示主观上感到”孤独“”寂寞“,指一种悲伤忧郁的情绪,可作定语和表申。older和elder:Jackisolderthanme,heismyelderbrother.杰克比我大要川"older",表示"年纪大的,年老的“,常用做表语;他是我的长兄用"elder",表示“年老的,年长的”,用做定语,只用于比较两个人的长幼,只能作表语。学完了形容词,副词讲解起来会更容易一些。一般认为形容词+ly就变成了副词,如形容词quick加上・ly变成副词quickly。但是象friendly,lovely虽然以ly结尾,但实则是形容词,Sheisfriendlytome(她对我很友好。)可千万不耍误认为是副词哟!副词可修饰动词、形容词和副词,这些用法相信人家己经掌握。那我们挑选一下易混、易用错的来详细讲解一下。already和yet:WhereisTom?Hehasn"tcomeyet.ButJackisalreadyhere.这句话中又是already,又有yet,是怎么冋爭"•吗?原來already和yet意思虽然相同,但用法有点小区别。表示事情早己发生或提前发生用already,一般放于句屮,用于肯定句和疑问句。含有already的肯定句,变为否定句时,要将already变为yet,且放在句尾。yet表示预料耍发牛的事耒发牛,位于
句尾,一般用于否定句和疑问句中。还迷糊吗?再迷糊,只好再看一看上面的例句喽。hard和hardly:hard,hardly两者虽然只有・ly之差,意义却人不相同。hard表示”辛苦,使劲,努力,”如:Heworksveryhard.(他学习非常努力。)而hardly为否定副词,表示”几乎不”。如:Theboxissoheavythathecouldhardlycarryit.(这箱子是那么沉,他几乎搬不动。)ago和before:ago不能单独使用,应与threedays(months,weeks)等连用,而且和动词的过去时连用。如:Imetmyneighbouranhourago.Before之|询有"一段口寸间"吋,指"距这段吋间以前",和过去完成时连用。女H:Hesaidhehadfinishedtheworktwodaysbefore.(他说他两天前已完成了工作。)如果before单独使用,是泛指“以前”,常常和完成时连用。{ill:Ihaveseenthefilmbefore.(我以前没看过这部电影。)farther禾Flfurther:far有两种比较级,farther,further.在英语屮两者都可指距离。如:Herunsfartherthanshedoes.(他比她跑得远。)在美语中‘farther表示距离,furthe「表示进一步。如:1havenothingfurthertosay.(我没什么耍说的了。)二、形容词、副词具体点拨(―)知识概要形容词的用法很活跃,在英语中用处也很多,但英语中修饰可数名词和不可数名词的修饰语和词组有时不同,要特别加以注意。下血将初中学习阶段中遇到的修饰可数名词的词和词组归纳女口卜•:many,no,several,some,afew,alot,lots,plenty,plentyof,alotof,alargenumberof,enougho而修饰不可数名词的词或词组如b:much,no,some,alot,agreatdeal,lots,plenty,alotof,plentyof。其中some,no,alotof,plentyof既可修饰可数名词乂可修饰不可数名词。英语中形容词M副词有原级、比较级、最高级Z分,其规则如下:构词法原级比较级最高级加er,或esttalltallertallestyoungyoungeryoungest只加I■或st。nicenicernicestlargelargerlargest重读闭音节末尾只冇一个辅音字母时双写该字母加cr、cstfatfatterbiggesthothotterfattestbigbiggerhottest不规则变化的形容词或副词:原级比较级最咼级goodbetterbestwellbetterbestbadworseworst
badlyworseworstmanymoremostmuchmoremostlittlelesslestfarfartherfarthestfurtherfurthestoldolderoldesteldereldest要注意的是许多形容词同时又是副词,如:back,all,alone,either,far,high,slow等。而有些形容词则要经过一定变化才能转为副词,其规律如下:构词法形容词副词—般加lycarefulcarefullykindkindly尾是y时将y变成i加lyhappyhappilybusybusilyeasyeasily其他truetrulyterribleterriblyfullfullypossiblepossiblyshyshylywholewholly在学习过程屮要注意其变化。此外并不是所有副词都可以修饰比较级和最高级形容词。能修饰比较级的有:much,yet,far,still,agreatdeal,even和alittle.能修饰最肓级的有:thevery,muchthe,far•等。(-)正误辨析[误]Theyounglikesplayingfootballverymuch.[正]Theyounglikeplayingfootballverymuch.[析]定冠词加形容词表示一类人,应作复数看待。而定冠词加形容词表示抽彖事物时则要看作单数,如:Thebeautifulisnotalwayskindness.美丽并不总代表善良。[误]Thedangerhasgone,sotheworstareove匚[止]Thedangerhasgone,sotheworstisover.[析]意为:”危险已经过去,最困难的状况己结束。”用定冠词加最高级形容词作主语时应看作单数形式。[课]Itisthegoldageoftheyoung.[正]Itisthegoldenageoftheyoung.[析]golden在英语中多用于比喻,如:goldenhair金发,guldenvoice金嗓子。而gold多用于表达金质的,如:agoldbar金条,agoldcoin金币,但goldfish金鱼例外。[误]Sheisawarmheartwoman.[止]Sheisawarmheartedwoman.[析]英语形容词的构词法很多,其中之一是由形容词,或数词,加名词加cd构成,如:warmhoarted热心肠的,whitehaired白毛的
[误]Thereisanalivefishinthepool.LiE]Thereisalivingfishinthepool.[析]在初中范围内所学到的以a字母开头的形容词一•般不能作定语,只能作表语。如:Thefishisalive.(鱼还活看)这样的形容词有:alive,alike,alone,asleep,afraid,awake等。[误]Theillmannearlydied.[正]Thesickmannearlydied・[析]ill一般不作定语来形容某人有病,而要用sick,但作表语时则都可以。如:Heisillsick,ill作定语时则另有他意,如:illluck(厄运),illnature(天性恶劣),illtemper(心绪不好)[误]Ihaveimportantsomethingtotellyou.Lil:]Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.[析]不定代词something,anyone,somebody…在用形容词修饰时,形容词应放其后。但要注意thing则不是不定代词,不符合上述规律。如:Ihaveanimportantthingtotellyou.[课]FllbefreeonnextSunday.[正]I"llbefreenextSunday.[析]在表达将来时的时候:nextSunday,nextweek,nextyear或lastSundaylastweek,lastyear询都不加介词。[误]Thegirlistwoyearold.[正]Thegirlistwoyearsold.[正]Sheisatwoyearoldgirl[析]由连字符连接若干名词、数词……组成的形容词,在学习时耍记住两点,其一是这些词中的名词都不要用复数形式,如:twothousandwordreport(两千字的报告);其二是这样构成的形容词只能作定语,即用于名词之前,而不能作表语。[误]TheforeignerslikethoselittlebeautifulChinesepaintings.L.iE]TheforeignerslikethosebeautifullittleChinesepaintings.[析]在名词前若有几个形容词作修饰语时,其顺序如下。1.指示代词,定冠词2.数虽词3.性质词4.大小5.形状6.老少,新1117.颜色&材料但要注意的是英语的习惯是一个名词前的形容词一般不要多于三个。如:Whataprettylittlewhitehorse!ThosefirstfewshortEnglishstorieswerenotdifficulttounderstand・[误]ThebestwaytolearnEnglishgoodistospeakwithEnglishmaneveryday.[止]ThebestwaytolearnEnglishwellistospeakwithEnglishmaneveryday.[析]good是形容词,这里是修饰动词speak的,所以应用副词well,但well作形容词讲时只作身体好。如:Heiswell.(他身体很好)。Heisgood.(他是个好人)。[误]Thechildrenplayonthegrassnappyly.[正]Thechildrenplayonthegrasshappily[析]多音节y结尾的形容诃变为副诃时应将y变为i再加ly.[谋]Theteacherlookedangryatthestudents・[正]Theteacherlookedangrilyatthestudents・[析]英语中感观动词后而要接形容词,这时它是修饰主语的,如:Thefoodsmellsgood.
食物闻起来很香。Theteacherlookedangry老师看起来很生气。而此句的意思为:”老师牛气地看着学生“,所以应用副词形式。[谋]Heworkedwithmefriendly.[止]Hewasfriendlytome.[析]不是所有-结尾是ly的词都是副词,但friendly是形容词,这样的词还Hlovely,lonely,costly,lively...monthlyweekly...o但其屮有些词既是副词,乂是形容词,如:early,hourly,monthly...[误]Youcanspeakfreeinfrontofyourfriends.[止]Youcanspeakfreelyinfrontofyourfriends.[析]free作为形容词意为”白由的,有空闲的,免费的”。作为副词讲则是”免费“之意。而freely作为副词则是“自由的,随便的”。这些要注意的词还冇:hard努力,艰苦hardly几乎不late迟,晚lately最近的,最新的near近nearly几乎like像likely几乎[误]Theymusthavearrivedtillnow・[止]Theymusthavearrivedbynow.[析]bynow是用于表达到|=|前为止某一动作已经发生,所以应用瞬间动词。而tillnow是强调某一动作一直持续到现在,所以一定要用持续性动词。musthave+过去分词是对过去某一事情所作的肯定推测。[误]Someonecalledyourightnow.[1E]Someonecalledyoujustnow・[析]justnow有两个意思,其一是"刚才”,其二是"现在”,而rightnow只能用于现在的状态。just则用于完成时态,如:Ihavejustfinishedmyhomework.[误]MyfatherwillbebackfromAmericaatpresent.[正]MyfatherwillbebackfromAmericapresently.[析]presently有两个意思:其一是最近,不久,其二在美语中是现在之意,与atpresent相同q而forthepresent为暂时,如I:IteachEnglishintheschoolforthepresent.[误]I"llbebackatthemoment.[iE]I"llbebackinamoment.[析]atthemoment其意为"现在,当时",而inamoment意为”马上过一会",与inaminute意思相近。[误]ThetrainfromShanghaiwillarrivehereintime.[ill]ThetrainfromShanghaiwillarrivehereontime・[析]ontime为"准时",而intime有两个含意。其一是"及时ill:Thedoctorarrivedintime0其二是“将來,终究”。[误]Imetanoldfriendsometimeslastmonth.[正]Imetanoldfriendsometimelastmonth.[析]Sometime过去,或者将來某时。Sometimes有时如:SometimesIgotoschoolbybus.Sometime一些时间如:Ineedsometimetodomyhomework・Sometimes儿次如:IwenttoShanghaisometimesthismonth.attimes有时,偶尔atalltimes经常
someothertime改犬[误]Ihadmetanoldfriendthreedaysago.L1E1Ihadmetanoldfriendthreedaysbefore・[正]Imetanoldfriendthreedaysago.*ago用在时间状语中时,主句中谓语动词一般用过去时,而before用于时间状语时则主句的谓语动词宜用完成时态。[误]Hestudiedveryhard・andattheendhepassedtheexam.Lil:]Hestudiedveryhard,andintheendhepassedtheexam.[析]intheend=atlast意为”最终,终于”,表达经过若干努力而达到的结果。而attheend是在某事的结束时如何如何,如:Attheendofclass,theteachergaveussomestorybookso[谋]Iwillcomeheretohelpyoueachthreedays・[ill]Iwillcomeheretohelpyoueverythreedays・[析]everythreedays为"每三天",即每隔二天,而everyotherday为每隔一天。[误]Hedidn"tgotothecinemayesterday・andIdidrftgo,too.[止]Hedidn"tgotothecinemayesterdayandIdidn"tgoeither.[析]英语中表示"也",有4个字,also,aswell,too,either,但either用于否定句中,而前3个用于肯定句中。在肯定句中too与aswell一般要用在句尾,而also贝lj可用于句中。如:Shewenttothepartyandherboyfriendwenttheretoo.又女[1:Fvealsoreadherothernovels.[误]Weshouldhelpthepoorgirlinanyway.Lj|{]Weshouldhelpthepoorgirlinanyway.[析]anyway为"不管怎么"讲,"无论如何",如:Whataterribleaccident,anywaynoonewashurt.anyway为”任何方式”。这种常见的错误还发生在以下几组词中,如:everydayFl常的everyday每天faraway遥远的faraway远离altogether总计alltogether一块,大家―起already已经allready全准备好了[误]Youcancometothedoctor"satanytime・[正]Youcancometothedoctor"satanytime.[析]anytime是副词而anytime中的time是名词。[谋]Shesaidnearlynothing・[ill]Shesaidalmostnothing.[析]nearlyAialmost的含意相近,在很多场合"J以互换,但在否定词前用almost□[误]Therearetoomuchmistakesinyourhomework・[止]Therearetoomanymistakesinyourhomework.[析]toomuch后接不可数名词,如:Thereistoomuchwaterfortheflowers.而toomany后加nJ数名词,muchtoo后面加形容词,如:ItismuchtoodifficulttolearnEnglishwell.[误]Itislateenoughthatwecangohomenow.[正]Itislateenoughforustogohomenow.[析]耍注意的是enough后面一般不接从句而接不定式,或不定式的复合结构:forsomebodytodosomethingo
[误]Thetwinsareveryalike・[iE]Thetwinsaremuchalike・[析]用a为首字母的形容词不能用very修饰,一般要用much来修饰。[误]-Howlongdoeshewritetohisparents?・Onceaweek・[止]-Howoftendoeshewritetohisparents?・Onceaweek・[析]英文与中文表达法不同,隔多长时间办一次某事,实际上问的是该事发生的频率,所以要用howofteno[误]AssoonasIarriveinNewYork,Tilcallupyou.[正]AssoonasIarriveinNewYork,Fllcallyouup.[析]当动词词组的宾语是人称代词时则一定要放于动词之后,如果是名词则可以放在词组其后。如:IwanttowatchTV.PleaseturnontheTV.也nJ"以讲:PleaseturntheTVon.[误]Hedrovequicklyhisnewcar.[正]Hedrovehisnewcarquickly.[析]副词在句小的位置很活,但主要有以下儿种用法:①实意动词之前,如:Hequicklygivemetheanswer.②在be动词之后,如:Thelittleboyisoftenlateforclass.③笫一助动词Z后,如:Thisbookhasalmostbeenfinished.④在单独使川的be动词和助动词Z前,如:Canyouhelpmethisafternoon?Icertainlycan.但是无论如何也不能将副词置于动词与宾语Z间,如果是宾语从句或是很长的名词词组作宾语则才可以这样用:Heheardclearlywhattheteachersaid.[误]Thechildrencamelateyesterdaytothecinema.[止]Thechildrencamelatetothecinemayesterday.[析]表示一定长度的吋间的副词不应放于句中,可放于句尾。如果表示强调则可放于句首。[谋]Youhavefewnewbooks,haven"tyou?[正]youhavefewnewbooks,haveyou?[析]英语中的数量形容词有两组。修饰可数名词的有few(很少,几乎没有),afew(有一些,几个);修饰不可数名词的有little(很少,儿乎没有),alittle(W一点,有一些)。要注意的是当few和little用于句中时应看作否定句,而afew和alittle用于句中时则应看作是肯定句。[误]Hespentquitelittlemoneyonhisfood.[正]Hespentquitealittlemoneyonhisfood.[析]quitea为一固定用法,其意为"十分,相当,所以"。quiteafew=many,quitealittle=much而onlyalittle=little,onlyafew=few.[误]Doyouwanttohavemanybread?[正]Doyouwanttohavesomebread?[析]some与any都可以用作形容词、副词或代词,在一般情况下,some用于肯定句,any用于疑问句和否定句,但在希望得到肯定答复时,应用some。其次是some可以用來
修饰可数名词和不可数名词。[误]Pleasetellmewheretheshoesshopis?[lE]Pleasetellmewheretheshoeshopis.[析]在用名词作修饰词来修饰另一名词吋,这个作修饰词的名词应用单数形式,如:ashoeshop鞋店afruitshop水果店abookshop巧店apostoffice邮局apolicestation警察局abusstop汽年站[误]Heisweakatphysics.[止]Heisweakinphysics・[析]在表达擅长于作某事时用begoodatsomething,而其反意词为bebadatsomething,但beweakinsomethingo[误]Thisdictionaryisworthtobuy.[正]Thisdictionaryisworthbuying・[析]beworth后可接动、名词表达值得作某事,乂可接价格、金钱表示值多少钱。[谋]Don"tafraidofthat.[正]Don"tbeafraidofthat.[析]afraid在英文中是形容词而不是动词。这样的词纽•还有:beafraidof害怕becarefulof小心becertainof有把握,确定besureof确信begladof高兴besickof厌恶befondof喜欢[误]Theworkhasalreadybeendonewell.[正]Theworkhasalreadybeenwelldone.[析]well与badly作副词时,表示好坏,如果句子是被动语态,则应放在过去分词Z前,如:Thismachinehasbeenbadlydamaged.如果句子是主动语态,则应放于句末,如:Ididmyhomeworkwell.[误]Weareyetintheclassroomnow.[丄门Wearcalreadyintheclassroomnow.[析]already主要用于肯定句,而yet多用于否定句和疑问句中,如:Didyoufinishit?No.notyet.[误]Look・Herecomeshe![iE]Look!Herehecomes![误]Look!Herethebuscomes![正]Look!Herecomesthebus![析]在句子开头用Here时,如主语是人称代词则不要用倒装语序,如果主语是名词则要用倒装语序。[误]Sheismyoldersiste匚
[正]Sheismyeldersister.[析]elder•和eldest是用来指家庭中兄弟姐妹的长幼关系,而older,oldest则是指岁数大多少,如1:SheisthreeyearsolderthanI.[误]I"mtired.Ican"tgofurthe匚[iE]I"mtired・Ican"tgofarthe匚[析]fai•有两个比较级farther较远的,further进—步的,如:Doyouneedanyfurtherexplanation?你需要进一步的解释吗?当然它也有两个最iEj级。farthest和furthest.[谋]IwenttoBeijingUniversityfiveyearsbefore・[ill]IwenttoBeijingUniversityfiveyearsago.[析]ago常与过去时连用,而before则多与完成时连用。[误]・Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?-No,notalready.[正]-Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?-No,notyet.[析]仍然有三个英文字可以表达它们是already,yet与still<>要注意的是already经常用于肯定句中,$0Thebushasalreadygoneoifijyet多用于疑问句和否定句中,如:Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?而still则常用于主语与谓语动词Z间,如:Westillcan"tdecidewhattodo.但也有时用于be动词之后,如:Heisstillhere.[误]HeisveryhigherthanIam.[正]HeismuchhigherthanIam.[析]muchnJ"以用来修饰比较级,而very则用来修饰形容词原级,I"mverytired.[谋]-CanIwalktothestation?-You"dbetternot.Itisveryfa匚[正]-CanIwalktothestation?-You"dbetternot,Itisalongway.[析]for—般用在疑问句与否定句中,如:Howfarisitfromheretothestation?又$0:Itisn"tfar.[误]FveeverbeentoAmerica・[正]FvebeentoAmericaonce・[析]once多用于肯定句,而ever则用于疑问句,否定句,及条件状语从句中,女fl:HaveyoueverbeentoLondon?[误]-Couldyoupasstheexamthistime?-No,Iamnotafraidso.[正]-Couldyoupasstheexamthistime?-No,I"mafraidnot.[析]在肯定的答语中我们可以用so来代替上句所讲的事件,如:Doyouthinksheisagoodstudent?YesIthinkso,/Ihopeso,/Ibelieveso/I"mafraidso.但在否定的答语中,英语口语的习惯用法则有所不同,如Idonrtthinksofij在hope,belive与afraid后则常用not,女II:Ihopenol.[误]Shedidn"tworkenoughhard,soshecouldnftpasstheexam・[正]Shedidn"tworkhardenough,soshecouldn"tpasstheexam・[析]enough可以作名词用,如:EnoughhasbeensaidforhowtolearnEnglishwell.(对于如何学好英语己经讲的足够多了。)另外它nJ以作为形容词,如:Ihaveenoughmoney(ormoney
enough)tobuythisdictionary.注意enough作为形容词吋即可放于名词询乂可放于名词后,在初中范围的考题中多用丁•名词Z前。如果enough作为副词用,那么它一定耍放在被修饰的形容词或副词之后。[误]Youcan"tbeverycareful.[iE]Youcan"tbetoocareful.[析]此句话的含意是你如何小心也不过分。too...to的用法是“A……以至于不能作某事”。但在实际应用时也常常将丿匸面的to省去,如:Itistooexpensiveforme.那对我來讲是太贵了。[误]Heisgoodpastfifty.[正]Heiswellpastfifty.[析]well作为副词用时除用于”好”之外还有”大大地、远远地”,等意。往往有人对下面两句的对或错有争议;Heiswell.Heisgood・其实这两彳ij都是正确的表达法,只不过其含总不同。Heiswell是”他身体不错",而Heisgood则为“他是个好人”。[误]Sheisnotashalfcleverasherbrother.[正]Sheisnothalfascleverasherbrothe匚[析]在as...as结构中要将修饰形容词的数量词倍数及nearly,almost,exactly...等置于第一个as之前。[误]HeissameageasTom.[正]HeisthesameageasTom.[析]thesame...as是固定的用法,其中定冠词咲是不可省也不能换成别的词的。[误]Motherandherdaughterareexactlylike.[正]Motherandherdaughterareexactlyalike.*like作为介词,其意为”像”,应用于looklike,belike,soundlike,其后要加宾语。而alike是形容词,或副词,女II:YouandIthinkalike.Thetwinsaredressedalikeo但alike仅作表语而不能用于名词前作定语。[误]Whoistallerofthetwo?[正]Whoisthetallerofthetwo?[析]两者的比较级z前要加定冠词。[误]IhavelessbooksthanTom.[正]IhavefewerbooksthanTom.[析]less是little的比较级,而fewer是few的比较级。less后应加不可数名词而fewer后是可数名词。[误]Therearethreegirlsinmygroup.TheclevererisMary.[止]Therearethreegirlsinmygroup.ThecleverestisMary.[析]在两者之间应用比较级,在三者之间或三者以上的范围内应用最髙级。[误]Theboysatthereasquietashissister.[正]Theboysatthereasquietlyashissister.
[析]as...as的川法要注意的是:①在其中间应加形容词或副词的原级,而不可加比较级,也有的语法书中称为同级比鮫。②要根据句意决定是加形容词述是副词,这耍看它具体是修饰动词还是名词而定,如:Heisasgoodashisfriend.[误]Theharderyoustudy,andyoucanlearnmore.[正]Theharderyoustudy,themoreyoucanlearn.[析]英文中如果要表达越来越怎样,在初中范围有两种表达法:①比较级+and+比较级。②定冠词+比较级,如:Thenightsaregettinglongerandlongero要注意的是多音节形容词的比较级I询要加more,这样的用法是:moreandmore加形容词,如:Thegirlisgrowingmoreandmorebeautiful.[谋]StudyingphysicsisnotsointerestingastolearnEnglish.[」E]StudyingphysicsisnotsointerestingaslearningEnglish.[析]在作比较时,英语一般要求对比的两部分结构应一致。如用动名词,应都用动名词,用不定式时则都川不定式。但有时在后一个不定式前的符号to町以省略。如:Torepairtheoldoneisasmuchexpensiveas(to)buyanewone・[误]Thegirlismoreclevererthantheboy.[止]Thegirlismuchmoreclever(muchcleverer)thantheboy.[析]clever有-两个比较级:cleverer和moreclever,要注意的是不能用比较级来修饰比较级。clever的两个比较级也各有不同之处,如用在两种不同性质的比较时多用moreclever,如:Heismorecleverthanhonest.(他的聪明耍远远超过其诚实。)[析]Theboyisthetallesttothethree.[止]Theboyisthetallestofthethree.[析]最高级的范I韦I要用of加复数形式或加集合名词。[误]Thisbookisoneofthemostusefuldictionary.[正]Thisbookisoneofthemostusefuldictionaries.[析]在oneof后而最髙级形容词后要加可数名词复数。[误]ThisdictionaryisthemuchbestoneoftheEnglishChinesedictionaries.[正]ThisdictionaryismuchthebestoneoftheEnglishChinesedictionaries.[析]在修饰最高级时应用far/byfar/much加the加最高级。但very例夕卜,如:Heistheverybestplayerintheteam・[误]ShanghaiisbiggerthananyothercitiesinChina.[止]ShanghaiisbiggerthananyothercityinChina.[析]在比较级中表示比较对象时如用anyother其后一般要加单数名词。[误]MostofstoriesinthisbookarewritteninEnglish・[ill]MostofthestoriesinthisbookarewritteninEnglish・[jl;]MoststoriesinthisbookarcwritteninEnglish.[析]"大多数"一词的表达法有mostofthe+名词,或most+名词。当用前一种结构时,其后面的定冠词不可少。[误]Thetemperatureofthatroomishigherthanthisroom.Lil:]Thetemperatureofthatroomishigherthanthatofthisroom.
[析]比较级用于两句话之间时,比较的部分不可省略掉,但为了避免重复,一•般都要用that代替前面的单数名词,而用those代替前面的复数名词,如:Thebooksinthatboxarebiggerthanthoseinthisbox。[误]Heisnomorehere・Maybeheisathome・Lil:]Heisnolongerhere.Maybeheisathome・[析]nomore在现代英语中多译为:"从此再也不会了",如:Hisvoiceisnomorehere.他已经去世了,他的声音不可能再出现了。而用nolonger表达目前的状态。要注意下面几组句了的实际含意:Thisroomisnocleanerthanthatone.即两间屋子都不干净。(两者都不干净)Thisroomisnotcleanerthanthatone,即这屋子不如那间干净。(前者不如后者干净。即一间干净,一间不干净。)(三)例题解析1IthinkChineseisthanmaths.A.interestingBmoreinterestingC.mostinterestingD.themostinteresting[答案]B.[析]在than作比较的句子屮应川形容词的比较级。2-WhatdoesLucylikebetter,singingordancing?-Singing,ofcourse・Shefsknowntoit.A.begoodatB.begoodforC.bebadatD.bebadfor[答案]A.[析]begoodat为固定搭配,意为“擅长作某事”。初中英语中有些这样的固定用法应记牢,而不能似是而非。如:begoodat,bebadat,bepoorin,beweekin,befitfor3TheHuangHeRiverisoneofinChina.A.ThelongriverB・thelongestriverC・thelongestriversD.thelongerriver[答案]c.[析]在oneof+定冠词+最高级之后的名词应用复数形式。4Thegirlwasafraidshethrewherbagaway.A.so,thatB.too,toC.too,thatD.enough,to[答案]A.[析]so...that为“如此怎样以至于如何“,此句意思是:小女孩如此害怕以至于扔下包跑掉To而too...to的意思为“如何如何,以至于不能作某事”。但S的后而是动词原形,而不是从句。5Itwasyesterdaythantoday.A.hotB.hoterC.hotterD.thehottest[答案]c.[析]MJthan表达比较的句中应用比较级。6Whichsubjectdoyoulike,EnglishChineseormaths?A.bestB.wellC.betterD.good
[答案]A.[析]在两者Z间应用比较级,而在三者Zl"可或三者以上用最高级。1Noneofthestudentswatchedit•A.carefulenoughB.enoughcarefullyC・carefullyenoughD.enoughcareful[答案]c.[析]首先应判定是选用用来修饰名词的形容词还是用来修饰动词的副词。这里是修饰watch这一动词,应选用副词。当enough用来修饰副词或形容词时应放于被修饰的形容词或副词之后。2sheeats,she"llbe.A.More...fatB.Themore...fatterC.More...thefatterD.Themore...thefatter[答案]D・[析]the+比较级表示“越來越……”本句应译为:她吃得越多,她就会越胖。
[答案]A.[析]think+宾语从句时,应采用否定主句的形式,如:中文讲,“我认为你不对“,英文应为:”我不认为你对"。Idon"tthinkyouareright.所以不能选答案B。而C、D均为不正确的表达法。10MissGaoisagoodEnglishteacher.ThestudentsinherclassEnglish.A.areinterestedinC・areinterestedatB・areinterestinginD.areinterestingto[答案]A.[析]过去分词常丿tl來修饰人,而现在分词常用來修饰物,如:aninterestingbook,实际上过去分词含有被动之意,如:interested其含意是”被所吸引,感动”。而interesting则为"使人感兴趣的”,如:aninterestingman一个有趣、风趣的人。11Thetwinsaretogethermostofthetime・Sotheyneverfeel.A.aloneB.lonelyC.happilyD.friendly[答案]B.[析]alone意为”独自的,一个人的”,它只能作表语不能作定语。Iamnotaloneindoingsuchathing.而lonely意为"寂寞的,孤单的",如:Theoldmanfeltlonely.要体会两个词的区别,如:Theoldmanlivedalone,buthedidn"tfeellonely.12Whatacough!Youseemill.A.terrible,terriblyB・terribly,terribleC.terrible,terribleD・terribly,terribly[答案]A.[析]terrible是形容词,而terribly是副词,第一个空是修饰名词的,所以应填入形容词。第二个空ill是形容词,这里terribly是用来修饰ill的。13Thetwofriendswerepleasedtoseeeachotherthattheyforgoteverything.A.soBtooC.veryD.much[答案]A.[析]这里用的是so...that的固定搭配。14Whichis,LiLei"sboxorHanMeimei"sbox?[答案]B.[析]两者Z间用比较级,三者或以上用最高级。15Youdon"tlikethesamecoloursandIdon"tlikethem,[答案]C.[析]在否定句中也应川either,而不要用too,因too川于肯定句中。
10Jimisatallhislessons.AndEmsurehelldoveryintheexams.A.well,goodB・good,wellC.well,wellD.good,good[答案]B.[析]good为形容词,如:Heisgood.他是个好人。而well作为身体状况的好坏讲时是形容词,如:Heiswell为他身体不错,而作为其他意思时为副词,如:HespeaksEnglishwell.11Youlookthanbefore,why?A.morethinB.morethinnerC.muchmorethinD.muchthinner[答案]D.[析]多咅节形容词才用more或most加形容词来表示其比较级或最高级,而thin的比较级为thinner®12Let"sgooutforsuppernow・Tmvery・A.hungryB.angryC.tiredD.thirsty[答案]A.[析]hungry■饿,angry-±气,tired-紧,疲劳,thirsty-口渴。要注意名词的词义。13・Canyouunderstandme?-Sorry,Icanunderstandyou.A.hardlyB.almostC.evenD.ever[答案]A.[析]hardly为一否定词,用在句中时应被看作是否定句。在答语中Sorry决定了其意为"听不明白",所以只能选hardlyo14Hdoyouwritetoyourpenfriend?0"Abouttwiceamonth.1"A.HowoftenB.HowsoonC.HowmuchD.Howlong[答案]A.[析]howoften用來提问某一动作经多久就要发牛-一次,也就是提问发牛•的频率。howsoon是问从现在起还有多久。15ChangjiangRiverisriverinChinaA.longC・longcst[答案]D.22HlworkB.longerD.thelongestIcan.A.sohardlyasB.sohardasC・ashardlyasD・ashardas[答案]D.[析]hard可用作形容词和副词,如:Thedeskwasmadeofhardwood乂如:Itisraining
hardo而hardly是副词,其词义是"几乎不”,如:HardlydidIsleeplastnight.我昨晚几乎没冇睡觉。而H.hardly用于句首时要采用倒装语序。as...as即nJ以用于肯定旬,也可以用于
否定句,但so...as则只能用于否定句屮。23Itisverytolistentohim.A.interestedB.interestingC・interestedinD.interest[答案]B.[析]interest作为名词有两个词义,①兴趣,②银行屮所讲的利息。而其形容词interesting是"使人感兴趣的”,而interested是"感兴趣的"如:HeisinterestedinEnglish.24ThingsareworsethanIthought.A.moreB.fewC.veryD.much[答案]D・[析]只冇much口J以修饰比较级。25Itisoneo"clock,butherfatherhasn"tcomeback.A.alreadyB.stillC.tooD.yet[答案]D・[析]完成时的否定句尾要川yet,而already则用于肯定句。26ComradeChenisolderthanI・A.veryB・moreC・muchD・quite[答案]c.[析]只冇much口J以修饰比较级。口J以修饰比较级的词还冇much,far,evenalittle,byfar等。27Shedidherhomework.A.carefullyB.carefulC.careD.careless[答案]A.[析]这里应填入副词,而careless是由care加less后辍得来的,less意为”没有”,是否定之意,如:careless-不小心,homeless-无家可归。而carefully为副词。28Theycan"tanswerthequestioninJapanese;wecan"tanswerit,•A・alsoB.tooC.eitherD・neither[答案]c.29-Howareyourparents?-Theyarevery,thankyou.A.goodB.kindC.wellD.happy[答案]c.[析]由问句得知其询问的是身体如何,所以well作为身体状况不错时应视为形容词。30Peterrunsinourclass.
A.thefastC.fastest[答案]c.B.fasterD.mostfast
[析]副词的最高级前可以加定冠词,也可以不加定冠词。23Wewereallgladthatwesanganddanced・A.suchB.soC.veryD.quite[答案]B.[析]在so与that之间只冇形容词时不可用sucho24KatesingsJoan.A.aswellasB.asgoodasC・sogoodasD.asbetteras[答案]A.[析]这里well为副词,意为“唱得好”。25Thiseggsmells,thoughitlooksallright.A.goodB.wellC.badD.badly[答案]C.[析]smell为系动词,其后应加形容词,而不是副词。同样的词,还有sound,feel,seem^become(变成)等等,如:Icefeelscoldinwinter.26Waitaminute,Ihavetotellyou.A.somethinginterestedB.somethinginterestingC・interestingsomethingD.anythinginteresting[答案]B.[析]修饰不定代词的修饰词要放在不定代词z后。27Ishallvisityounextyea匚A.sometimesB.sometimeC.sometimeD.sometimes[答案]B.[析]sometimes冇时,sometime某一时刻,sometime一段时间,sometimes若干次28MysistersaidshewouldtrytospeakEnglisheveryday.A.alittleB.afewC.litttleD.few[答案]A.[析]little修饰不可数名词,而alittle意为”一些,一点”。29IhavefriendshereandIoftenvisitthem・A.fewB.littleC.afewD.alittle[答案]c.[析]afewS为“有些”,few后面要加口J数名词复数。30Ofallthesebooks,doyouthink,whichoneis?A.interestingB.muchinterestingC.moreinterestingD.themostinteresting
[答案]D・[析]Ofallthesebooks是川來表示最高级的范围二、精选练习题及答案练习(一)()1・Thisboxisthatone・A.heavythanB.soheavythanC・heavierasD・asheavyas()2.Whenwespeaktopeople,weshouldbe.A.aspoliteaspossibleB.aspoliteaspossiblyC.aspolitelyaspossibleD・aspolitelyaspossibly()3.Thisbookisthatone,butthanthatone.A.asdifficultas;expensiveB.asmoredifficultas;moreexpensiveC・asdifficultas;moreexpensiveD・moredifficultas;asexpensive()4.1thinkthestoryisnotsoasthatone.A.interestingB・interestedC・moreinterestingD.mostinteresting()5.Hisfatherbegantoworkhewassevenyearsold.A.asoldasB・asearlyasC・sinceD.while()6・IthinkscienceisthanJapanese・A.muchimportantB・importantC・muchmoreimportantD・moremuchimportant()7.Thispencilisthanthatone.A.longestB.longC・longerD.aslong()8.Mymotherisnoyoung・A.shorterB.longerC・1ittleD.few()9.Thesechildrenarethisyearthantheywerelastyear.A.moretallB