高一牛津英语语法定语从句 13页

定语从句复习一•定语从句及相关术语1•定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后而。2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等；关系副词有where,when,why等。关系词常有3个作用：1,引导定语从句。2,代替先行词。3,在定语从句中担当一个成分。二•关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人，在从句中做主语(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。(1)M匚Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.(2)Mr.LingisjusttheboywhomIwanttosee・注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。(3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend・3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.4.that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，和当于which。在宾语从旬屮做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(5)Thenumberofthepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityeachyearrisesonemillion.(6)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?5.whose通常指人，也町指物，在定语从句屮做定语(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadocto匚(2)Ioncelivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.whose指物吋，常用以下结构来代替(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.(4)Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired・(5)Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?(6)Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?三•介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常山介词+关系代词引导(1)Theschool(that/which)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.(2)Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.(3)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazine(that/which)youaskedfor.(4)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazineforwhichyouasked・(5)We*llgotohearthefamoussinger(whom/that/who)wehaveoftentalkedabout.(6)Wellgotohearthefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked・注意：1.含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用,如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等(1)Thisisthewatchwhich/thatIamlookingfo匚(T)(2)ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(F) 2.若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom,不可用who或者that；指物时用which,不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose (1)Themanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.(T)(2)Themanwho/thatyoutalkedwithismyfriend.(F)(3)TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadaisverycomfortable.(T)(4)TheplaneinthatweflewintoCanadaisverycomfortable.(F)2."介词+关系代词"‘前可有some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few等代词或者数词(1)Helovedhisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.(2)Inthebaskettherearcquitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.(3)Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.四.关系副词引导的定语从句1.when指时间，在定语从彳U屮做时间状语(1)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.(2)Thetimewhenwcgottogetherfinallycame.2.where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语(1)ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.(2)ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.3.why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语(1)Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.(2)Idon"tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.注意：关系副词引导的从句町以市“介词+关系代词""引导的从句替换(1)Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,(2)Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.(3)Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecityinwhich/whereIwasbom.五.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句举例：(1)TheteachertoldmethatTomwastheonlypersonthatIcoulddependon.(2)Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.非限制性定语从句举例：(1)Hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.(2)China,whichwasfoundedin1949,isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful.要注意区分以下几个句了的不同(1)Hisbrotherwhoisnowadoctoralwaysencourageshimtogotocollege・他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他耍考上大学。(他还有其他的哥哥)(2)Hisbrother,whoisnowadoctor,alwaysencourageshimtogotocollege.他的哥哥是当医牛的，常"鼓励他要考上人学。(他只有一个哥哥)难点分析(-)限制性定语从句只能用that的儿种情况1•当先行词是anything,everything,nothing(something除外),few,all,none,little,some等代词时,或者是illevery,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等修饰时(1)HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lihassaid?(2)Thereseemstobenothingthatseemsimpossibleforhimintheworld・(3)Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone・(4)ThereislittlethatIcandoforyou. 注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who(1)Anymanthat/.whohasasenseofdutywon"tdosuchathing. 2.当先行词被序数词修饰(1)ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.3.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时(1)ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.4.当形容词被thevery,theonly修饰时(1)ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy,(2)Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowned.当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who(3)WangHuaistheonlypersoninourschoolwhowillattendthemeeting/5.当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时(1)Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?(2)WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?6.当先行词既冇人，也冇动物或者物体时(I)Canyourememberthescientistandhistheorythatwehavelearned?(二)关系代词as和which引导的定语从句as和which引导非限制性定语从句，冇相同Z处也冇不同Z处。具体情况是：1.As和which都可以在定语从句屮做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。(1)Hemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural.(2)Hewashonest,as/whichwecansee.2.as引导非限制性定语从仙可放在主句之前，或者主句之示，其至可以切割一个主他which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句Z后。另外，as冇“正如……，正像……”的意思(1)Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.(2)Heisfromthesouth,aswecanseefromhisaccent.(3)John,asyouknow,isafamouswriter.(4)HehasbeentoParismorethanseveraltimes,whichIdon"tbelieve.注意：当匸句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用which(5)Tomwasalwayslateforschool,whichmadehisteacherangry.3.当先彳亍次受such,thesame修饰时，常用as(1)1haveneverheardsuchastoryashetells.(2)Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.(3)ThisisthesamebookasIlostlastweek.注意：当先行诃由thesame修饰吋，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是用I由as所弓丨导的定语从句意思不同(4)SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMary"swedding.她穿着她在Mary婚礼上穿过的-•条裙子。(5)Sheworethesamedressasheryoungsisterwore.她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。(三)以theway为先行词的定语从句通常山inwhich,that引导，而且通常可以省略。(1)Thewayinwhich/that/./heansweredthequestionwassurprising.(四)but有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句(1)Thereareveryfewbutunderstandhisidea.(but=whodon"t)(五)区分定语从句和同位语从句 1.定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是补充说明的关系 (1)TheplanethathasjusttakenoffisforLondon.定语从句(2)Thefactthathehasbeendeadisclear.同位于从彳U1.定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导，关系词在句中充当成分，有时可以省略；同位语从句主要山that引导，在句中一般不做成分；句子也nJ以由when,where,how,why,whether,what等词引导，充当成分(1)Thenewshetoldmeistrue・(2)Thenewsthathehasjustdiedistrue・(3)Theproblemthatwearefacingnowishowwecancollectsomuchmoney・定语(4)Theproblemhowwecancollectsomuchmoneyisdifficulttosolve.2.同位语从句和先行词一般可以川be动词发展成一个完整的句子，而定语从句不可以(1)Theideathatwecouldasktheteacherforadviceiswonderful.(2)Theideawasthatwecouldasktheteacherforadvice・(3)Thefactthattheearthmovesaroundtheearthisknowntoall•同位语(4)Thefactisthattheearthmovesaroundtheearth・补充：英语写作一.连接词根据其本身的意思和文章连接所需要的逻辑意义可分为几类：3・农示开场tobeginwith、inthefirstplace,ingeneral、generallyspeakingb•表示总结tosummarize,tosumup,toconclude,inconclusion,finallyc.表示举仮ijacaseinpoint,agoodillustration/exampleof…is…,d•表示原因because,since,for,thecauseof,thereasonfor,nowthatc•表示结果asaresult、asaconsequence,consequentlyf•表示比较both,like,likewise,similarly,incommon,inthesamewayg.表示*寸照onthecontraiy,ontheotherhand,despite,inspiteof,howeverh•表示列举first,firstly9inthefirstplace,firstofall,tobeginwithi・表示强调especially,particularly,certainly,surely,chiefly,actuallyj•表示讣步eventhough,although,inspiteof,however,but,yet二、写作的启、承、转、合常用词语小结1•有关”启“的常用词语(用來引导主题句或跟在主题句的后面，引导第一个扩展句)atfirst首先atpresent现在；当今currently现在；最近first首先；第一firstofall首先firstly首先2.冇关“承”的常用词语(用来承接主题句或第一个扩展句)tostartwith首先；第一after此后afterafewdays几天Z后afterawhile过了一会儿also并JI,而H.atanyrate无论如何atthesametime同时(用在"转"时，作"可是”解)besides(this)此外3•冇关”转啲常用词语(用来表示不同或相反的语气)afterall毕竟allthesame虽然；但是anyway无论如何atthesametime可是(表轻微转折)but但是conversely相反地despite尽管，虽然3.有关”合“的常用词语(用来引导结尾句或最后一个扩展句，表示段落的结束)aboveall最重要accordingly于是asaconsequence因此asaresult结果 ashasbeennoted如前所述及 C.whatD.inwhichC.IspoketoD・thatIspokeB.atthattheystayedD・wheretheystayed定语从句练习:l.ThcplaceinterestedmemostwastheChildrcn"sPalace.A.WhichB.where2.Doyouknowtheman?A.whomIspokeB.towhospoke3.Thisisthehotellastmonth.A.whichtheystayedC・wheretheystayedat4.DoyouknowtheyeartheChineseCommunistPartywasfounded?A.whichB.thatC・whenD・onwhich5.ThatisthedayFllneverforget.A.whichB.onwhichC.inwhichD.when6.Thefactorywellvisitnextweekisnotfarfromhere.A.whereB.towhichC.whichD.inwhich7.Greatchangeshavetakenplacesincetheninthefactoryweareworking.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.there8.Thisisoneofthebestfilms・A.thathavebeenshownthisyearB・thathaveshownC.thathasbeenshownthisyearD.thatyoutalked9.Canyoulendmethebooktheotherday?A.aboutwhichyoutalkedB.whichyoutalkedC・aboutthatyoutalkedD・thatyoutalkedlO.Thepenheiswritingismine.A.withwhichB.inwhichC.onwhichD.bywhich11・Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontofsatasmallbov.A.whomB.whoC.whichD.that12.Thcengineermyfatherworksisabout50yearsold.A.towhomB.onwhomC.withwhichD・withwhom13.ltthereanyoneinyourclassfamilyisinthecountry?A.whoB.who"sC.whichD・whose14.Fminterestedinyouhavesaid・A.allthatB.allwhatC.thatD.which15Jwanttousethesamedictionarvwasusedyesterday.A.whichB.whoC.whatD.as16.Heisn"tsuchamanheusedtobe.A.whoB.whomC.thatD.as17.HeisgoodatEnglish,wcallknow. A.thatB.asC.whomD.what A.IwentwithB.withwhomIwentC・withwhoIwentD.Iwentwithhim19.1don"tlikeasyouread・A.thenovelsB・thesuchnovelsC.suchnovelsD.samenovels20.Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersonstheyrememberedintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.what21.Theletterisfrommysister,isworkinginBeijing.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.who22.Inourfactorythereare2,000workers,twothirdsofarewomen.A.themB.whichC.whom23・YouTetheonlypersonFveevermetcoulddoit.A.who;/B./;whomC.whom;/24.1lostabook,Icantremembernow.A.whosetitleB.itstitleC・thetitleofitD.whoD./;whoD.thetitleofthat25.LastsummerwevisitedtheWestLake,Hangzhouisfamousintheworld・A.forwhichB.forthatC.inwhichD.what26.1haveboughtsuchawatchwasadvertisedonTV.A.thatB.whichC.asD・it27.1canneverforgetthedayweworkedtogetherandthedayA・when;whichB.which;whenC・what;that28.Thewayhelooksatproblemsiswrong.A.whichB.whoseC.whatwespenttogether.D・onwhich;whenD./29.Thisisthereasonhedidn"tcometothemeeting・A.inwhichB.withwhichC.thatD.forwhich30.Thismachine,formanyyears,isstillworkingperfectly.A.afterwhichIhavelookedB.whichIhavelookedafterC.thatIhavelookedafterD.Ihavelookedafter3l.Thereasonhedidn"tcomewashewasill.A.why;thatB.that;whyC.forthat;thatD.forwhich;what32.Heisworkinghard,willmakehimpassthefinalexam.A.thatB.whichC.forwhichD.who33.ThatisnotthewayIdoit.A./B.whichC.forwhichD.withwhich34.1havetwogrammars,areofgreatuse.A.allofwhichB.eitherofwhichC・bothofthatD.bothofwhich35.1wanttousethesametoolsusedinyourfactoryafewdaysago.A.aswasB・whichwasC.aswereD.which36.Myneighhoursusedtogivemeahandintimeoftrouble,A.whoB.whichC.that37.ThisisthemagazineIcopiedtheparagraph.A.thatB.whichC.fromthatwasverykindofthem.D.itD.fromwhich3&Hcisnotsuchamanwouldleavehisworkhalfdone.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.as39.Youcandependonwhateverpromisehemakes.A./B.whyC.when40.Smoking,isabadhabit,is,however,popular.A.thatB.whichC.itD.whoseD.(hough41.一-Didyouasktheguardhappened?…Yes,hetoldmeallheknew.A.what;thatB.what;whatC.which;whichD.that;that42.1shallneverforgetthoseyearsIlivedonthefarmwiththefarmers,hasagreateffectonmylife.A.when;whoB・that;whichC・which;thatD.when;which43.Thenumberofthepeoplewhocarsincreasing・A.owns;areB.owns;isC・own;isD.own;are 44.Duringthedays,heworkedasaservantattheBrowns.A.followedB.followingC.tofollowD.thatfollowed45.Isoxygentheonlygashelpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.it