高中英语语法一点通——被动语态 11页

右屮英错得依一止通——彼劭语态一、语态的足丈及今类英语屮的语态用来表示主语和谓语Z间的主动关系还是被动关系，因此，语态可以进一步分为两大类：主动语态和被动语态，主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的发岀者，即主语和谓语之间是主动的关系；被动语态则表示主语是谓语动作的承受者，即主语和谓语之间是被动的关系。二、彼锲错态轲使用场合1、不清起或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.2、强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。Thebiggestappleiseatenbyhisbrother.3、避免更换主语，以求行文流畅。Theprofessorcameinandwewelcomedhimwarmly.三、彼働语态的构就及各种时态形式1、被动语态的构成被动语态是由“助动词be+过去分词（及物动词）”，助动词be随着主语的人称、数、时态的不同而变化。在口语化的表达中，也可以用“get+过去分词”构成被动语态。Thepatientgottreatedonceaweek.2、被动语态的各种时态形式 1.基本方法【主动语态变为被动语杰的基本方法】Thebridgewasbuiltbytheworkers.2、双宾语结构变为被动语态Myfatherboughtmeanewbike.—Iwasboughtanewbike.一Anewbikewasboughtforme.Themangivesmealotofusefuladvice.一Iamgivenalotofusefuladvice.一Alotofusefuladviceisgiventome.注：常在间接宾语前用介词to的动词有:bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,show,take等; 间接宾语前用介词for的动词有:build,buy,cook,cut,make,paint,play,sing等。3、使役动词和感官类动词变为被动语态使役动词make后常接动词原形作宾语补足语，变为被动语态吋，动词原形需要变为动词不定式todo；感官类动词see/hear/watch/notice后接动词原形作宾语补足语，变为被动语态时，动词原形需要变为动词不定式todo；后接现在分词作宾语补足语时，变为被动语态时，仍用现在分词作宾语补足语。Theteachermadehimlistencarefullyinclass.一Hewasmadetolistencarefullyinclass.Weoftenhearhimplaytheguitar.一Heisoftenheardtoplaytheguitar.Isawtheboyfishingbythetiver.—Theboywasseenfishingbytherive匚Weheardthecouplequarrelingintheroom.Thecouplewereheardquarrelingintheroom.A.空锲形式素示彼动克丈1、“系动词look,sound,feel,smell,taste,appear,seem,go,become,prove,turn,stay,remain,get+形容词/名词”构成的系表结构。Thesteelfeelscool.Ithasgonebad.2、一些后接副词well,easily或者置于cant,wonlZ后等动词用来表示主语的属性和特征，这类动词有:read,write,cut,sell,wash,clear,wear,open,cook,lock,dry。Thebooksellswell. Thiscoatdrieseasily.Thedoorwon^topen.3>want,require,need,deserve,worth等后面用动名词的主动形式表示被动含义。Thebikeneedsrepairing.=Thebikeneedstoberepaired.Thebookisworthreading.畠.彼动语态的冷用句夏据说Itissaidthat-•-(Peoplesaythat...)据扌艮导Itisreportedthat-••(Peoplereportthat...)据推测Itissupposedthat?••(Peoplesupposethat…)希望Itishopedthat-••(Peoplehopethat...)众所周知Itiswellknownthat---(Peopleknowthat...)普遍认为Itisgenerallyconsideredthat-••(Peopleconsiderthat...)Itissaidthathehasgoneabroad・=Heissaidtohavegoneabroad.=Peoplesaythathehasgoneabroad.难点突破英语中所有表示“发生”的动词都是不及物动词，都不可以用于被动语态，比如：happen,take place,breakout,occu「等。Anaccidenthappenedlastnightinthestreet.小熟练掌握被动语态的各种吋态形式，对语态的考查往往结合吋态，在解题吋可以先确定语态,可根据题意，也可以根据动词的基木特点（不及物动词无被动、及物动词后不带宾语常用被动、及物动词后带有宾语应为主动）来判断动词主被动形式，然后再结合时态内容进行判断并做出正确选择。①®0()1—Puttheseglassesawaybeforethey.—Ok・IIIputtheminthecupboard.A.havebrokenB.arebreakingC.getbrokenD.willbebroken()2.1tenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldrejecttheoffer.A.gaveB.wasgivenC.wasgivingD.hadgiven()3.Thepolicefoundthatthehouseandalotofthings.A.hasbrokeninto;hasbeenstolenB.hadbrokeninto;hadbeenstolenC.hasbeenbrokeninto;stolenD.hadbeenbrokeninto;stolen()4.—Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse? —Notyeitherooms・A.arebeingpaintedB.arepaintingC.arepaintedD.havebeenpainted()5.ItissaidthatanewrobotbyhiminafewdaysA.designedB.hasbeendesignedC.willbedesignedD・willhavebeendesigned()6.Theaircompanygoingfrombadtoworse,theworkershardlyenoughtomakealiving.A.arepaidB.arepayingC.havepaidD・paid()7.Greatchangesinthecity,andalotoffactories.A.havebeentakenplace;havebeensetupB.havetakenplace;havebeensetupC.havetakenplace;havesetupD.weretakenplace;weresetup()8.Thesuit"sfinished汁？A.doesn"tB.isn"tC.hasn"tD.has()9.Thesurfaceofthetablesmoothenough.A.hasn"tfeltB.doesn"tfeelC.isn"tfeelingD.isn"tfelt()10.Allthepreparationsforthetask,andwerereadytostart・A.completedB.completeC.hadbeencompletedD.havebeencompleted()11.Thesekindsofshoeswell.A.werenotsoldB.wontbesoldC.arenotsoldD・dontsell()12.Visitorsnottotouchtheexhibits.A.requestB.willrequest C.arerequestingD.arerequested()13.Whenthespeakerenteredthehall,allthelisteners.A.hadseatedB.wereseatedC.seatedD.wereseating()14.bontgetthatinkonyourshirt,forit・A.wonftwashoutB.wontbewashingC.isnftwashingoutD・doesn"twashout()15.—Ibelieveyoucouldhaveaskedmybrotherforhelpforheisverygoodatmaths.—Really?Oh,anight.Whynottellmeearlier?A.iswastedB.hadwastedC.waswastedD.willwaste()16.Hesaidhewouldn"tmindathome・A.IeavingaloneB.beingleftaloneC.tobeleftlonelyD.toleavealone()17.TomwassaidtoMaryfor40years.A.havebeenmarriedtoB.havemarriedw计hC.bemarriedD.marry()18.TheTVplaylastnight.A.wastiredoutmeB.tiredoutmeC.wastiredmeoutD・tiredmeout()19.MypicturesuntilnextFriday.A.won"tdevelopB.aren"tdevelopedC.don"tdevelopD.won"tbedeveloped()30.—Howaboutthebookonthemostfamousmusiciansofthatage?—Oh,Mozarfsstorywell.A.hasreadA.hasbeenread C.readsD.wasread()31.Timsincehelosthisjobthreeweeksago.A.hadbeenunemployedC.hasbeenunemployedB.wasunemployedD.hasunemployed()32.1,llhavetopushthecartothesideoftheroadbecauseweifweleaveithere.A.wouldbefinedB.willbefinedC.willbeingfinedD.willhavebeenfined()33.AfriendofminereturnedtohishouseafteraholidayonlytofinditA.tobebrokenB.hadbrokenintoC.wasbrokenb.hadbeenbrokeninto()34.TheybelievedthatbyusingcomputerstheproductionoftheirfactoryA.willgreatlyincreaseB.wouldgreatlyincreaseA.wouldbeincreasedgreatlyD.willhavebeengreatlyincreased()35.HiseyesshonebrightlywhenhefinallyreceivedthemagazinesheA.hadlongbeenexpectedB.hadlongexpectedC.haslongexpectedD.waslongexpected()36—Doyoulikethenewpen?—yes,汁verywell.A.iswrittenB.iswritingC.writesb.wrote()37.Thegoodswhenwearrivedattheairport・A.werejustunloadingB.werejustbeenunloadingC.hadjustunloadedD.werejustbeingunloaded()38.1fonebypride,hewillrejectusefuladviceandfriendlyassistance.A.overcomesB.isovercomeB.C.hasbeenovercomeD・overcome()39.Aftertherace,thecelebrationbegan.A.hadbeenwonA.iswonC.willbewonD.hasbeenwon ()40.Theyoungteacherhascompetent.A.beenprovedtobeB.provedtobeA.beenprovedD.provedbeing()41—Howareyoutoday?—Oh,IasillasIdonowforaverylongtime.A.didntfeelB.wasrftfeelingA.dontfeelD.haventfelt()42.Anaccidentonthisroadlastweek・A.hasbeenhappenedB.washappenedC.ishappenedb.happened()43.Itwhethershewillgetherworkinthehospitai.A.hasntbeendecidedB.isn"tdecidingC.doesntdecideD.hasntdecided()44.Itwhethershewillgetherworkinthehospital.A.hasntbeendecidedB.isntdecidingC.doesn"tdecideD・hasntdecided()45・Ipromisethatmatterwill.A.betakencareB.betakencareofC.takecareD.takecareof()46.Itwasreportedthatthemurdererarrested.A.hasbeenB.hadbeenC.hasD.had()47.ThisisTecTsphoto.Wemisshimalot.Hetryingtosaveachildinearthquake.A.killedB.iskilledC.waskilledD.waskilling ()48.Thenotice"Nosmoking." A.iswroteBreadsC.wr计esD・isread()49・Goodcaremustbabiesparticularlywhiletheyareill.A.takeB.takeofC.betakenb.betakenof()50.Shortlyafterwezawaitercameovertoourtablewithasmile.A.seatedB.wereseatedC.satourselvesD.hadseated