高中英语语法5主谓一致 6页

语法5：主谓一致一.主谓一致的三个基本原则1）,即在语法形式上取得一致。例如，主语是单数形式，谓语动词也釆取单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也采取复数形式。例如：Thestudentsarcveryyoung・Thispicturelooksbeautiful.2））,即从意义着眼处理一致关系。例如，主语形式虽是单数但意义是复数，谓语动词也釆取复数形式；而冇些主语形式虽是复数但意义上看作单数，谓语动词也采取单数形式。A.主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。单数形式代衣复数内容的词冇：people,police,cattle等。如:Thecrowdweresurroundingthegovernmentofficial.Thecrowdweresurroundingthegovernmentofficial.TheChinescpeoplearcbraveandhard-working.B.主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。常见名词冇news以及以ics结尾的学科名称（如：physics,politics>maths,economics等）。3））,即谓语动词的单数或复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。例如：A并列主语用连词or,cithcr-**or,neither*••nor,notonly•••butalso等连接，谓语应同相邻的主语保持人称和数的一致Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherenjoyslisteningtothemusic.NeitherhenorIamgoingtoseethefilmtonightbecausewearcbusy.B在therebe表存在的句式中，主语是两个或多个名词（短语）的并列时，be的形式与最前边的一个名词（短语）一致。Thereisapen,twoknivesandseveralbooksonthetable=Therearctwoknives,apenandseveralbooksonthetable.c.副词或介词短语在句首的倒装句中，必须认准哪是主语Betweenthetwobuildingsstandsamonument.Ontheshipwereover2,200people二、需要注意的特殊情况：1•当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间等复数名词时，往往可以根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语动词用形式。Twohoursisenoughformetofinishthework・2•如果主语有morethanone-或manya…构成，尽管从意义上看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词仍然用形式。Manyapassengcrwaskilledintheaccident.3•不定代词each,every,no所修饰的名词及each・・・andeachevery-andevery*,no…andno…，manya…andmanya…结构作主语时，谓语动词仍用形式。Everymanandeverywomanisatwork.4.表示成双成套的名词，如：chopsticks（筷子），compasses>clothes,glasses>jeans,scissors>shoes,socks, trousers等，作主语时，谓语动词通常用形式。但如与akindof,apairof,thepairof,aseriesof连用，作主语时，谓语动词用形式。Thetrousersarcinthedrawer.Thepairofshoesisratherexpensive・4.当主语后面跟有aswellas,alongwith,with,like,ratherthan,togetherwith,等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数按的单、复数而定。Yourfatheraswellasyouisverykindtome5.动名词、不定式短语和从句作主语，谓语动词用形式。Smokingishadforhealth.6.用and或both-and连接并列主语，表示不同概念，谓语动词常用。Waterandairarcbothimportant.但并列结构充当主语表示整体概念时，即指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数些式：1）表示兼职或有多个称呼的人：Thewriterandteacherisspeakingatthemeeting.2）表示两个成对的名词表单一概念：forkandknife,breadandbutter；sodaandwater；coffeeandwater；aimandend；saltandwater等，谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。Yourforkandknifeisonthetable.&anumberof+复数名词作主语（翻译成：许多），谓语动词用复数;thenumberof+复数名词作主语（翻译成：。。。的数字，谓语动词用单数。如：Anumberofstudentsaregoingforapicnicthisweekend.ThenumberofdaysinFebruarythisyearis28・9.名词化的形容词矗主语“the+矗容词~（或过去分词或现在分词）”如：thebrave,thepoor,therich,theblind,theyoung,theold,thesick,thewounded>theinjured>theunemployed,thedying,theliving等结构担任主语表示一类人时，谓语动词常用形式。Theyoungarcmoreactivethantheold.练习题一、单选题1・TheoldwelllookedafterbythegovernmentinChina.A.isB.arcC・hasbeenD.was2.Thesecretaryandmanagcrverybusynow.A.isB.arcC・wasD.were3・Boththesccrctaiyandthemanageragreedtoattendthemeeting.A.hasB・haveC・arcD.was4.Tomaswellastwoofhisclassmatesinvitedtotheparty.A.wasB.wereC・havebeenD.hadbeen5.EitheryouorIoingtotheteachers*officeafterclass.A.amB.isC.arcD.will6.Mostofhissparetimespentinreading.A.arcB.wereC・wasD.havebeen 4.Thisisoneofthebestnovelsthatappearedthisyear.A.havebeenB.hasC・hadbeenD.have&Tenthousanddollarsquitealargesum.A.arcB.isC・wereD.have9.About20pcrccntoftheworkdoneyesterday.A.arcB.isC・wereD・was10.MrSmith,togetherwithhischildren,arrived・A.areB.hasC.isD.have11.ItIwholeavingforLondon.A・is・・・isB.am・・・isC・is---amD.am・・・am12.NotonlyTombutalsohiswifefondofwatchingtelevision.A.areB.wereC・beD.is13.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactoryet・A.isnotdecidedB・arenotdecidedC・hasnotdecidedD.havenotdecided14.Althoughthefirstpartofthebookiseasy,therest・A.aredifficultB・hasproveddifficultC・issupposeddifficultD・havebeenfounddifficult15.Thattheywerewronginthesemattersnowcleartousall.A.isB.wasC・areD・were16.Halfofhisgoodsstolentheotherday・A.areB・wereC・isD・was17.Mathematicsthelanguageofscience・A.areB.aregoingtobeC・isD.istobe1&EachofthestudentsaChinese-Englishdictionary・A.haveB.hasC・thereisD.therearc19.Theyeachabeautifulhandkcrchicf.A.haveB.hasC・thereisD.therearc20.Bctwccnthetworowsoftreestheteachingbuilding・A.standB.standsC・standingD.arc21.ThispairofshoesmadeinNanjing.A・isB.arcC・havebeenD.hadbeen22.Nooneexceptmyparentsanythingaboutit.A.knowB.knowsC・isknowingD.haveknown23.Anumberofstudentsfromthesouth・A.arcB.isC.haveD.has24.Thermmberofstudentsfromthenorthsmall.A.areB.isC.haveD.has25.WritingstoriesandarticleswhatIenjoymost,A・isB・arcC・wasD.were26.His"SelectedPoems"firstpublishedin1965. A.wereB.wasC・hasbeenD.arc19.MissSmithisafriendof.A.Mary"smother"sB.Mary"smotherC.Mother"sofMaiyD.Marymother"s2&Agooddealofmoneyspentonbooks.A.haveB.hasC・havebeenD.hasbeen29,Onthewalltwolargeportraits.A.hangsB.hangC・hangedD・hanging30.turngreeninspring・A.LeafB.LeafsC.LeaveD.Leaves31.Fatherwenttohisdoctorforabouthishearttrouble・A.anadviceB.adviceC・advicesD・theadvices32.Allbutoneherejustnow.A.isB.wasC・hasbeenD・were33.Thenumberofpeopleinvitedfifty,butanumberofthemabsentfordifferentreasons.A.were;wasB・was;wasC・was;wereD・were;were34.Theairinbigcitiesverydirtybyfactories・A.areoftenmadeB・isoftenmadeC・haveoftenmadeD.hasoftenmade35.Nobodytosmokeinthecinema.A.allowsB.allowC.isallowedD.areallowed36.TheChinesepeoplehard-workingandbrave・A.areB・isC・hasbeenD・arebeing37.canbedonebeendone・A.All;haveB.Allthat;haveC.All;hasD.Allthat;has3&Johnhastwobrothers,buteitheroutofworknow.A.areB.isC.hasD.have39.Thepolicethemurderercvciywhcrcwhenhesuddenlyappearedinatheatre・A.issearchingforB.weresearchingforC・arcscarchingforD.weresearching40.Applesofthiskind・A.tastesgoodB.tasteswellC・tastegoodD.tastewell41.Yourtrousersdirty,youmusthavewashed・A.is;itB.arc;itC・arc;themD.is;them42.Whererubbish,therearcflics.A.therearcB.thereisC・isD.therehas43.TheOlympicGanicsheldcvciyyears.A.is;fourB.arc;fourC・is;fiveD.arc;five44.Manyamancometohelpus.A.haveB.hasC.isD.arc45.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhoelected・A.arcB.haveC・hasD・is46.Three-fourthsofthehomeworktoday. A.hasfinishedB.hasbeenfinishedC・havefinishedD.havebeenfinished39.Thosewhoincompositions>pleasehandtheminthisafternoon.A.hasn"thanded;hisB.haven"thanded;theirC.hashanded;theirD・havehanded;his4&Janeisoneofthebeststudentsinherclasswhobytheirteacher.A.arcpraisedB.ispraisedC・praisedD.praising49.Thewholeclasstheteacherattentively.A.arclisteningtoB・islisteningtoC・arclisteningD.islistening50.TheUnitedStatesofAmericaoneofthemostdevelopedcountriesintheworld.A.isB.arcC・wasD.were 参考答案：1-5BABAA6-10CDBDB11-15CDABA16-20BCBAB21-25ABABA26-30BADBD31-35BDCBC36-40ADBBC41-45CBBBD46-50BBAAA