英语语法教案_图文 19页

星火教育一对一辅导教案学生姓名性别年级初三学科英语授课教师上课时间年月日第（）次课共（）次课课时：6课时教学课题八大时态综合讲解教学目标知识目标：掌握八大时态的用法，能在不同的语境下选择相应的时态能力目标：能解决有关时态的习题，并在设定的情景下，能够运用合适的时态进行观点的表达情感目标：通过师生在教学的双边活动中主动性和创造性的发挥，激发学生的学习兴趣。教学重点与难点教学重点：各种时态的结构及对应的标志性词语，短语教学难点：动词的时态呼应，一般过去时与现在完成时的区别教学过程StepOne导入T:Doyouknowthenameofthefilm?S:FastandFurious（速度与激情）T:Haveyouseenthefilmalready?Si：Yes,IsawitlastnightS2：No,butIwillseeittomorrow.S3：No,butIhearitisanexcitingmovie. StepTwo知识讲解与操练现代英语语法将传统语法所说的“时态(Tense)”分成了两部分：即“时(Tense)”和“体(Aspect)”时”是指谓语动词发生或存在于不同时间的变化形式，而“体”则指动作进行或过程处于什么状态的变化形式。动词时态考查的题型多以选择题、完形填空以及书面表达的形式出现，在中考中的比值较重。英语当屮一共有16种吋态，屮考考纲明确要求考查的是8种，他们分别是(4)现在进行吋(8)过去将来时(1)一般现在吋(2)一般过去吋(3)一般将来吋(5)过去进行时(6)现在完成时(7)过去完成时一般现在时构成：a・主语+b£的某种形式b・主语+V原c・主语(第三人称单数)+Vs/es当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词需加・s或・es：规则动词原形第三人称单数形式一般在词尾加・s,(清辅咅后读playplays/3,在浊辅咅后谕0;在t后跆/leaveleaves在d后读灯旅)swimswims以字母s,x,ch,sh,o结尾的词加passpasses・es,读4z<如果动词原形词尾已fixfixes有e,则只加・s。teachteaches以辅音字母加y结尾的词，先变y为i,再加・es,读％,studycarryflystudiescarriesflies注意：动词have的第三人称单数是has.一般现在时的用法⑴表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的副词连用。常用的频度副词有：sometimes,always>oftenusually、seldom、never、everyweek(day,year,month...),onceavveek^onSundays,频度副词在句屮通常放在行为动词之前，系动词、助动词之后。女口：Heoftengoesswimminginsummer.^也夏天经常游泳。Iusuallyleavehomeforschoolat7everymorning.毎天早上我七点离开家。(2)表示现在的状态。如：Myfatherisatwork.Heisverybusy.我父亲在工作，他很忙。 Theboyistwelve.这男孩十二岁。 3）表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。如：Allmyfamilylovefootball.我全家人都喜欢足球。Mysisterisalwaysreadytohelpothers.我妹妹总是乐于助人。AnnwritesgoodEnglishbutdoesnotspeakwell.安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。4）表示客观真理，客观存在，自然现象。如：Theearthmovesaroundthesun.地球绕太阳转动。ShanghailiesintheeastofChina,h海位于中国东部。5）表示按计划或安排好的，或将要发生的动作，可用一般现在时表将來。但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,takeplace等。女口：Thetrainleavesatsixtomorrowmorning.火车明天上午六点开。Hecomesbacktonight.他今晚冋来。6）在复合句中，当主句是一般将来时，时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。如：I"lltellhimthenewswhenhecomesback.他［h!来时，我将告诉他这个消息。Ifyoutakethejob,theywilltalkwithyouingreaterdetails.如果你接受这份工作，他们将和你谈谈细节。巩固训练用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1.Heoften(have)dinnerathome.2.DanielandTommy(be)inClassOne・3.We(notwatch)TVonMonday.4.Nick(notgo)tothezooonSunday.5.they(like)theWorldCup?6.Whattheyoften(do)onSaturdays?7.yourparents(read)newspaperseveryday?8.Thegirl(teach)usEnglishonSundays.9-SheandI(take)awalktogethereveryevening.10.There(be)somewaterinthebottle.11.Mike(like)cooking.12.They(have)thesamehobby.13.Myaunt(look)afterherbabycarefully.14.Youalways(do)yourhomeworkwell.15.I(be)ill.I"mstayinginbed. 一般过去时构成：主语+Ved（过去式）动词过去式的规则变化：构成规则动词原形动词过去式一般在动词原形末尾加・ed,looklooked（在清辅咅后读心在浊辅咅和playplayed元咅后读&;在必WiS闕d4workworkedlikeliked结尾是e的动词在末尾加・dlivelivedhopehoped末尾只有一个辅音字母的重planplanned读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字stopstopped母，再加・eddropdropped结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词，studystudiedworried先变“y"为“i"再加worrycrycried注：不规则动词过去式参见不规则动词表。一般过去时的用法1）表示过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,justnow,theotherday,in1982等连用。在一般过去式屮，要表达"过多少时间之后”,一般用aftero几年后。如：Wheredidyougojustnow?刚才你上哪儿去了？Afterafewyears,shestartedtoplaythepiano.几年后，她开始弹钢琴。2）表示在过去，经常或反复发生的动作。常与often,always等表示频度的副词连用。女口：WhenIwasachild,Ioftenplayedfootballinthestreet.我是个孩了的时候，常在马路上踢足球。3）一般过去式也可与today,thisweek,thismonth,thisyear等表现在的时间壮语连用，但这些时间壮语须指过去的时间，决不包含“现在”“此时此刻”的意思。例如：Didyouseehimtoday?今天你看见他了吗？|巩固训练一、单项选择l.Myfatherillyesterday.A.isn*tB.aren"tC.wasn*tD.weren"t 2.ourparentsathomelastweek?A.IsB.WasC.AreD.Were3.ThetwininDalianlastyear.Theyherenow-A.are;wereB.were;areC.was;areD.were;was4.yourfatheratworkthedayyesterday(前天)？A.Was;beforeB.Is;beforeC.Was;afterD.Is;after5.一WhowasondutylastFriday?—.A.IamB.IwasC.Yes,IwasD.No,Iwasnft二、请用正确动词形式填空1.1(have)anexcitingpartylastweekend・2.she(practice)herguitaryesterday?No,she3.WhatTom(do)onSaturdayevening?He(watch)TVand(read)aninterestingbook・4.Theyall(go)tothemountainsyesterdaymorning・5.She(notvisit)herauntlastweekend・She(stay)athomeand(do)somecleaning.一般将来时构成：①主语+will/shall+V原在口语屮，will在名词或代词后常缩为，11,willnot常简缩为wont在疑问句屮，主语为第一人称时（I和we）时，常用助动词shallo如：She"llgotoplaybasketball.她要去打篮球。Shallwegotothezoo?我们耍去动物园吗？②、begoingto+不定式，表示将来。表示主语进行某一行动的打算意图。这种打算常经过预先考虑并含冇自己做好某些准备的意思。即计划，安排要发生的事。例如：Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?明天打算作什么呢？Theplayisgoingtobeproducednextmonth。这出戏下川开播。③、be+toV原形表将来，表示客观安排或受人指示而将要做某事。如：WcarctodiscussthereportnextSaturday.我们卜星期六讨论这份报告。④、beaboutto+V原形，意为马上、即将要做某事。不能与tomorrow,nextweek等表示明确将來时的时间状语连用。如：HeisabouttoleaveforBeijing.他马上要去北京。一般将来吋的用法 1）、表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与tomorrow,nextyear等连用。如：rilmeet youattheschoolgatetomorrowmorning.2）、表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。例如：I"llcomeandseeyoueverySaturdaynextyea匸明年我将每个星期六来看你。3）、表示说话人对于将来的看法、假设和推测，通常用beafraid,be/feelsure,hope,know,think等后面的从句或与副词perhaps,possibly,maybe等连用。如：Ithinkshe"llgobackhomeforsupper.我想她会M家吃饭。Maybeshe"llgotothegym.也许她会去体育馆。巩固练习：巩固训练单项选择1.Thereameetingtomorrowafternoon.A.willbegoingtoB.willgoingtobeC.isgoingtobeD.willgotobe2.Charlieherenextmonth.A.isrftworkingB.doesn^tworkingC・isiftgoingtoworkingD.wontwork3.Heverybusythisweek,hefreenextweek.A.willbe;isB.is;isC.willbe;willbeD.is;willbe4.Thereadolphinshowinthezootomorrowevening.A.wasB.isgoingtohaveC.willhaveD.isgoingtobe5.-youfreetomorrow?-No.Ifreethedayaftertomorrow.A.Are;goingto;willB.Are;goingtobe;willC.Are;goingto;willbeD・Are;goingtobe;willbe6.Mothermeanicepresentonmynextbirthday.A.willgiveB.willgiveC.givesD・give7.一ShallIbuyacupofteaforyou?-.（不，不要。）A.No,youwon"t.B.No,youaren"t.C.No,pleasedontD.No,please.8.一Whereisthemorningpaper?一Iifforyouatonce.A.getB.amgettingC.togetD.willget9.aconcertnextSaturday?A.TherewillbeB.WilltherebeC.TherecanbeD.Thereare10.Iftheycome,weameeting・A.haveB.willhaveC.hadD.wouldhave过去将来时构成： 过去将来时由助动词should或would加动词原形构成。 过去将来时的用法a.用于从过去某-吋间来看将要发生的事情。常用在宾语从句屮表示从句的动作发生在主句动作之后。Theysaidtheywouldgotovisitthesecondfactory.他们说他们将要去参观第二个工丿。TheteachertoldusthattherewouldbeaconcertthenextTuesday.老师告诉我们下周二将要冇场音乐会。b.过去将来时也可由6twas/weregoingto+动词原形”來表示。Shesaidshewasgoingtoseeheruncle.她说她要去看望她的叔叔。注意：“would+动词原形"有吋并不表示过去将来吋，而表示一种客气的请求。Wouldyoupleaseopenthewindow?巩固训练单项选择1.■一Theplaneisleavingrightnow,butJimhasnftarrivedyet.■一Well,hesaidhehereontime.AcameBwouldcomeCcanbeDwillbe2.Shethatsheherbesttohelpthemthenextterm.A.says...willdoB.said...willdoC.said...woulddoD.says.•.woulddo3.JackthattheysurprisedtoseeitthisFriday.A.know...wouldbeB.knows...willbeC・knew...wouldbeD.knew...willbe4.Sheillsosheabletogoskatingthenextday.A.is...won"tbeB.is•…wouldn"tbeC・was...won"tbeD・was...wouldn"tbe5.Hethethieftothepolicewhenhethemanagain.A.wouldtake•…wouldmeetB.wouldtake...metC.willtake…willmeetD.willtake...meet6.LiMingsaidhehappyifBriantoChinanextmonth.Awas;comeBwas;wouldcomeCwouldbe;cameDwillbe;come现在进行时构成：am/is/are+动词的现在分词动词V-ing的构成形式规则原形-ing形式一-般在动词原形末尾加・inglistenspendlisteningspending staystaying以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e,再加・inghaveprepareclosehavingpreparingclosing以重读闭音节结尾的动词，如果末尾只有一个辅咅字母，应先双写这个辅音字母，再加sitbeginrunputsittingbeginningrunningputting以ie为巫读音节结尾的动词，先去掉e,把i改为y,再加・ingliedielyingdying以er结尾的动词，如是重读音节结尾，先双写r,再加・ing；如不是重读咅节结尾，就直接加・ingpreferwaterpreferringwatering现在进行时的用法：1）、表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生或进行的动作。常与now,rightnow,atthismoment等时间状语连用。如：Wearewaitingforyounow.我们正在等你。2）表示现阶段（说话前后段时间内），直在进行的活动。说话时动作未必正在进行。例如：Mr.Greeniswritinganothernovel.他在写另一部小说。（说话时并未在写，只处丁"写作的状态。）Heisthinkingaboutthisproblem.这些天来他一直在考虑这个问题。3）表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，常与always,constantly,forever尋诃连用，住住帀冇说话人的主观色彩。如：Youarealwayschangingyourmind.你老是改变主意。4）表示渐变，这样的动词有:get,grow,become,turn,run,go,begin等。例如:Theleavesareturningred.叶子在变红。It"sgettingwarmerandwarmer.天越来越热T。5）表示按计划或安排要发生的动作。©表移动的终止性动词（come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return等）用于现在进行时,表示即将要发生动作。如：Fmleavingtomorrow.明天我耍走了。Thetrainisarrivingsoon.火车要到了。巩固训练单项选择 1TWhatishedoing?”“Hemusic."A.listeningB・islisteningC.listenstoD.islisteningto2.Listen!ShesongsinEnglish.A.singsB.singC.issingingD.issing3..Whatyouat?A.are;seeingB.are;watchingC.are;listeningD・are;looking4・"What"sthemandoing?""Heishiscoat."A.puttingonB.puttingC.wearingD.dressing5.Thepeopleovertheredancing.A.areB.isC.doD.does6：IsJohnplayingcomputergames?"“”A.Yes,heisB.No,heisC.Yes,hedoesD.No,hedoesn5t.1.JimandTomdoingtheirhomeworkintheclassroom.A.amB.isC.areD.be&Motherisn"tabook,butshe"sTV.A.seeing;seeingB・lookingat;watchingC.watching;lookingD.reading;watching9："What"syoursisterdoing?"“"A.ShesingsB.SheoftenwatchesTVC.She"ssingingD.Fmsinging.lO.LookIThetwinstheirmotherdothehouseworkA.arewantingB.helpC.arehelpingD.arelooking过去进行时构成：was/were+动词的现在分词（-ing）过去进行时的用法：1）、表示在过去某时刻正在进行或发生的动作，通常与表过去的时间壮语连用。如：Atthismomentyesterday,Iwaspackingforcamp.昨天这个时候，我正在收拾东西去露营。2）、表移动的动词,如come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return等词的过去进行时,可以表示过去将要发生的动作。例如：ShetoldmethatshewasgoingtoHainanforherholiday.她告诉我她将去海南度假。3）、在含有时间状语从句的复合句屮，表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生之后，另一个动作正在进行。女口：Itwasrainingwhentheyleftthestation.他们离开车站时，止卜着l*j。WhenIgottothetopofthemountain,thesunwasshining.我到达山顶时，阳光灿烂。 4）在叙述或描写过去的事情时，过去进行吋经常与其它过去吋态，特别吋是一-般过去吋连用。 但是过去进行吋往往是表示背景。女口：Onenight,hewastypinginhisstudy.Suddenly,amanbrokeintohishouseandcutofftheelectricity….一天晚上，他正在书房里打字。突然，一个人闯进屋来，切断了电源……巩固训练一、用动词的适当形式填空。1.1(have)mybreakfostathalfpastsixyesterdaymorning.2.Mary(go)overherlessonsfromsixtosevenlastnight.Johnandpeter(do)thesamething.3.Whatyou(do)atthattime?We(watch)TV.4.Wasyourfatherathomeyesterdayevening?Yes,hewas.He(listen)totheradio.5.They(notmake)amodelshipwhenIsawhim.二、选择题。1.1cookedamealwhenyoume.A.cooked,wereringingB.wascooking,rangC.wascooking,wereringingD.cooked,rang2.Hesaidhetodrawaplaneontheblackboardatthattime.A.triesB.triedC.wastryingD.willtry3.WhilesheTV,sheasoundoutsidetheroom.A.waswatching,washearingB・watched,washearingC.watched,heardD.waswatching,heard4.Theyafootballgamefrom7to9lastnight.A.werewatchingB.watchC.watchedD.arewatching5.WhatbookyouwhenIyouatfouryesterdayafternoon?A.did,read,wasseeingB.did,read,sawC・were,reading,sawD.were,reading,wasseeing现在完成吋构成：助动词have/has+动词的过去分词过去分词的构成：过去分词的规则变化与动词过去式的变化相同，在动词词尾加・ed；不规则变化的过去分词见教科书《不规则动词表》。现在完成时的用法1）、表示过去发生或己经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already,yet,ever,never,just,before等词连用。如： Haveyouevercookedathome?你吃晚饭了吗？Youhavealreadygrownmuchtaller.你已经长高了许多。2）表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，并可能还要延续。往往和表示一段时间的时间状语连用，常用的有:for+-段时间；since+过去时间点或从句。（Since用来说明动作起始时间，foi•用来说明动作延续时间长度），提问用Howlong•如：Ithasbeenfiveyearssincehejoinedthearmy•他参军五年了。TheyhavelearnedEnglishforeightyears.他们己学了八年的英语了。3）、现在完成时需注意的问题：衣示短暂性的动词不能与衣示一*段吋间的壮语连用appear,begin,borrow,lend,buy,close,come,die,fall,find,finishjoinkill,leave,sell,stop等。如:Hehasjoinedthearmyforfiveyears.（辛昔误）Hehasbeeninthearmyforfiveyears•（正确）注意：①非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。Ihavereceivedhisletterforamonth.（错）Ihavenftreceivedhisletterforalmostamonth.（对）②不能和明确的过去吋间状语连用，女口：yesterday,lastweek,in1998,twodaysago等。③have/hasbeento和have/hasgoneto的区别：have/hasbeentohave/hasgoneto巩固训练单项选择1、Bothhisparentslooksad.Maybetheywhat"shappenedtohim•A.knewB.haveknownC.mustknowD.willknow2、HehasbeentoShanghai,hashe?A.alreadyB.neverC.cvcrD.still3、HaveyoumetMr.Li?A.justB・agoC.befbreD.amomentago4>Thefamouswriteronenewbookinthepasttwoyear.A.iswritingB.waswritingC.wroteD.haswritten5、一Ourcountryalotsofar•一Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven•A.haschanged;wellB.changed;goodC.haschanged;betterD.changed;better6、ZhaoLanalreadyinthisschoolfortwoyears.A.was;studyingB・will;studyC・has;studiedD.are;studying 7、WeXiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.A.knowB.hadknownC.haveknownD・knew8、HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.1ittwice.A.willseeB.haveseenC.sawD.see9、一TheseformershavebeentotheUnitedStates.一Really?Whenthere?A.willtheygoB・didtheygoC・dotheygoD.havetheygone10、一youyourhomeworkyet?一Yes.Iitamomentago.A.Did;do;finishedB.Have;done;finishedC.Have;done;havefinishedD.will;do;finish过去完成时构成：助动词had+动词过去分词过去完成时的用法：1、表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已完成的行为或存在的状态。即发生的时间是过去的过去。常与"by/before+过去时间”构成的短语连用。如：Thetrainhadalreadyleftbeforewearrived.在我到达Z前，火车已经开走了。HesaidthathehadlearnedsomeEnglishbefore.他说过他以前学过一些英语。2、表示在过去某一时间点Z前已经持续了一段时间的动作或状态，常与for/since引导的表示过去的时间壮语连用。如：IhadlivedinAmericafortwoyearsbeforeIcamehere.我來这儿z前在美国住过两年。表示过去未曾实现的计划、愿望等。这种用法中常用的动词为hope,want,plan,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等。女II：Wehadhopedthatyouwouldcome,butyoudidn"t.那时我们希望你能來，但是你没有來。Ihadthoughtthatallknewaboutit.我以为他们都知道这件事呢。巩固训练单项选择1.Heaskedmeduringthesummerholidays.A.whereIhadbeenB.whereIhadgoneC.wherehadIbeenD.wherehadIgone2.WhatJanebythetimehewasseven?A.did,doB.has,doneCdid,did.D.had,done3.1900EnglishwordsbythetimeIwasten。 A.learnedB.waslearningC.hadlearnedD.learnt4.Shelivedhereforyears.A.had,afewB.has,severalC.had,alotofD.has,agreatdealof5.Bythetimemyparentsreachedhomeyesterday,Ithedinneralready. AhadcookedB.cookedC.havecookedD.wascooked4.ShesaidshetheprinciplealreadyA.hasseenB・sawC・willseeD.hadseen5.Shesaidherfamilythemselvesthearmyduringthewar.A.hashidden,fromB.hadhidden,fromC・hashidden,withD・hadhidden,with6.Bythetimehewastenyearsold,he•A.hascompleteduniversityB.hascompletedtheuniversityB.hadcompletedanuniversityD.hadcompleteduniversity7.Shehadwrittenanumberofbookstheendoflastyear.A.forB.inC.byD.at8.Hetoplaybeforehewas11yearsold.Ahadlearned,pianoB.hadlearned,thepianoC・haslearned,thepianoD・learns.piano.课后作业八大时态精选练习()l.HeoftenhisclothesonSundays.A.washingB.washesC.haswashedD.wash()2.FmChinese.Wherefrom?A.doyoucomeB.youarecomingC・youcomeD.areyoucoming()3.Maytoschool.A・neverwalksB.isneverwalkingC.walkneverD.neveriswalking()4.Wewillstartassoonasourteacher.A.comesB.willcomeC・comeD.iscoming()5.Howlongagoplayingfootball?A.haveyoustoppedB.hadyoustoppedC.didyoustopD.doyoustop()6.IthardwhenIleftmyhouse.A.israiningB.rainsC.wasrainingD.willrain()7.1thinkthisquestiontoanswe匚A.easyB.iseasyC・waseasyD.willeasy()8.Don"ttalksoloudly.YourfatherA.sleepsB.issleepingC・sleptD・hadslept()9.Howmanypeopledoesthedoctorknowwhoofthedisease(疾》丙)？D.diesD.hadfinishedD.hasservedthearmyA.aredyingB・isdyingC.hasdied()10.1myhomeworknow.A.finishB.finishedC.havefinished()ll.Heforthreeyears• A.hasjoinedB.hasbeeninthearmyC.joined()12.Hisgrandfatherforthirtyyears.A.diedB.wasdeadC.hasbeendeadD.hasdied()13.1frommybrotherforalongtime.A.nothaveheardB.havenotheardC.haveheardnotD.donothear()14.Maths,oneofthemostimportantsubjects,alwaysinterestedhim.A.hasB.haveC・areD・is()15.一DidyourbrothergotoAmericalastyear?—.A.No，hedidnevergothereB.No,hehasnevergonehereA.No,heneverwasthereD.No,he"sneverbeenthere()16.Hethatfactorysince1958.A.hasleftB.hasworkedinC.hasgonefromD.hascometo()17.OurteachertoBeijingthreetimes.A.wentB・hadgoneC.hasgoneD.hasbeen()18.LastweekJohnhisleg・A.feltandbrokenB.fellandbrokeC・feelsandbreaksD・fallenandbroken()19.Jackhisthickcoatbecauseitwassnowing・A.putsonB.putonC.takesonD・tookon()20.Hethepictureonthewall.A.hangedB・hungC.hashangedD・washanged