英语语法Frightening nature 省略从句GRAMMAR 29页

Unit10Frighteningnature PeriodfourGrammar Ellipsis为了使讲话和行文简洁，句中某些成分有时可以省略。省略可分为以下几种情况： 1.省略主语:祈使句中的主语通常被省略;其他省略的主语的情况多限于少数现成的说法.1)(You)Comein,please.2)(I)Seeyoutomorrow.3)(I)Thankyouforyourhelp.4)(I)Begyourpardon.简单句中的省略 2.省略主语或谓语的一部分简单句中的省略1)(Thereis)Nosmoking.2)(Willyou)Haveasmoke?3)Why(doyou)notsayhellotohim?4)How(doyouthink)aboutacupoftea?5)(Youcome)thisway,please. 简单句中的省略3.省略宾语可以省略宾语的全部;可以省略作宾语的动词不定式,只保留to,但如果该宾语是动词be或完成时态,则须在to后加上be或have． 简单句中的省略1)---DoyouknowMissHu?---Idon’tknow(her).2)Don’ttouchanythingunlesstheteachertellsyouto(touch).3)---Areyouateacher?---No,butIwanttobe(ateacher).4)---Hehasn’tfinishedthetask.---Well,heoughttohave(finishit). 简单句中的省略4.省略表语1)---Areyouthirsty?---Yes,Iam(thirsty).2)Hisbrotherislazy?Norishissister(lazy).5.同时省略几个句子成分1)---Areyoufellbetternow?---(I’mfeeling)better(now).2)(Iwish)Goodluck(toyou)!3)Let’smeetattheschoolgateasthesameas(wemet)yesterday. 并列句中的省略两个并列分句中，后一分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分．1)Myfatherisadoctorandmymother(is)anurse.2)Istudyatcollegeandmysister(studies)athighschool.3)Lin’sfatherwasnotathome,buthismotherwas(athome). 主从复合句中的省略1.主句中有主语和谓语被省略1)(I’m)Sorrytohearthatyouareill.2)(It’s)apitythatyoumissedsuchagoodchance.2.省略从句中与主句相同的部分Theydonotvisittheirparentsasmuchastheyoughtto(visittheirparents).3.主句与从句各有一些成分被省略Thesooner(youdoit),thebetter(itwillbe). 其他省略1.连词的that省略(1)宾语从句中常省略that,但多个宾语从句并列时,通常只省略第一个thatHesaid(that)thetextwasveryimportantandthatweshouldlearnitbyheart.(2)在定语从句中that在作宾语时才能省略Thebook(that)Iborrowedyesterdaywashers. 2.在某些状语从句中,当从句的主语与主句的主语一致或者从句主语为it，且从句谓语部分有be动词时,可省去“主语+be”部分其他省略1)When(hewas)stillaboyof10,hehadtoworkdayandnight.2)As(hewas)achild,helivedinIndia.3)If(youare)askedyoumaycomein.4)If(itis)necessaryI’llexplaintoyouagain.5)Though(heis)young,heknowsalot.6)Heopenedhislipsasif(hewere)tosaysomething. 其他省略3.不定式符号to的省略(1)并列的不定式可省去后面的to.Itoldhimtositdownandwaitforamoment.(2)help当“帮助”讲时，后面的宾语或宾补的不定式符号to可带可不带.Iwillhelp(to)doitforyou.Iwillhelpyou(to)doit.(3)介词but前若有动词do,后面不定式不带to.Theboydidnothingbutplay. 其他省略(4)某些使役动词（let,make,have）及感官动词（see,watch,hear,notice,observe,feel,lookat,listento等）后面作宾语补足语的不定式一定要省去to,但在被动语态中须将to复原。Isawtheboyfallfromthetree.Theboywasseentofallfromthetree.Thebossmadeuswork12hoursaday.Weweremadetowork12hoursaday. (5)主语从句中有动词do,后面作表语的不定式的to可带可不带。Whatwecandonowis(to)wait.(6)find当“发现”讲时，后面作宾语补足语的不定式符号to可带可不带。Wefoundhim(to)workveryhardattheexperiment.但如果是不定式tobe，则不能省略。Shefoundhimtobedishonest.其他省略 4.条件从句中有should,were或had时,可以省略if,但要将should,were或had提至句首。IfIwereyou,Iwouldgiveitup.WereIyou,Iwouldgiveitup.Ifitwerenotforyouradvice,wecouldn’thavegotoverthedifficulties.Wereitnotforyouradvice,wecouldn’thavegotoverthedifficulties.其他省略 IfIhadhadtime,Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain.HadIhadtime,Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain.Ifthereshouldbeaflood,whatshouldwedo?Shouldtherebeaflood,whatshouldwedo? Exercise11.Haven’tseenyouforages.Ihaven’tseenyouforages.2.Somemoretea?Wouldyoulikesomemoretea?Thefollowingsentencesarecorrect.workwithyourpartneranddecidewhichwordshavebeenleftout. 3.Soundslikeagoodidea.Itsoundslikeagoodidea.4.Doesn’tmatter.Itdoesn’tmatter.5.Sorrytohearthat.I’msorrytohearthat.6.Pityyoucouldn’tcome.It’sa/Whatapityyoucouldn’tcome. 7.Thisway,please.Stepthisway,please.8.Terribleweather!Whatterribleweatheritis!9.Joiningusforadrink?Areyoujoiningusforadrink?10.Goingtothesupermarket?Areyougoingtothesupermarket? 1.ShecanswimunderwaterlongerthanIcanswimunderwater.2.Theydiscussedwhethertheyshouldstayinthehouseortheyshouldtrytheopenair.Someofthewordsinthefollowingsentencesareunnecessary.Crossthemout. 3.Theyhadameal,theywentoutforawalkandtheycamebacktosleep.4.Don’tbatheifyoudon’twanttobathe.5.Idon’tvisitmyparentsasmuchasIoughttovisitmyparents. 1.---Doyouthinkit’sgoingtorainovertheweekend?---_________A.Idon’tbelieveB.Idon’tbelieveitC.IbelievenotsoD.IbelievenotPractice2.---I’llbeawayonabusinesstrip.Wouldyoumindlookingaftermycat?---Notatall.___________A.I’venotimeB.I’drathernotC.I’dliketoD.I’dbehappyto 3.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim__?A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto4.If_____,we’llcontinueourexperimentafterofficehours.A.beingnecessaryB.benecessaryC.isnecessaryD.necessary 5.Raininghard,____?doesn’titB.doesitC.isitD.isn’tit6.Haveyoubeenherelong?A.No,notveryB.NotmuchC.Yes,onlylittleD.No,onlyyesterday7.---DoesyourbrotherintendtostudyGerman?---Yes,heintends______.A./B.toC.soD.that 8.---CanIspeaktoMrWang,please?---_______.A.Whoareyou?B.I’mWang.C.SpeakingD.AreyouJohn?9.---Susan,willyoupleasegoandemptythatdrawer?----______?A.WhatforB.WhatisitC.HowisitD.Howcome 10.Unless_____tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.A.invitedB.invitingC.beinginvitedD.havinginvited11.---Theboysarenotdoingagoodjobatall,arethey?---______.A.IguessnotsoB.Idon’tguessC.Idon’tguesssoD.Iguessnot 12.---BradwasJane’sbrother!---______herememberedmesomuchofJane!A.NodoubtB.AboveallC.NowonderD.Ofcourse13.---Whydoesshealwaysaskyouforhelp?---There’snooneelse______,isthere?A.whototurntoB.shecanturntoC.forwhomtoturnD.forhertoturn