英语语法习题 11页

英语语法习题&答案 英语语法习题&答案专题一名词1.Thereisno______tryingtopersuadehim.Hewillneverchangehismind.A.useB.senseC.goodD.point2.Therewasachoicebetween_____ontheplane.A.chickensorfishB.chickenandfishesC.chickenorfishD.chickensandfish3.IfeltexcitedwhenIlookedinthe_____ofthesea.A.wayB.distanceC.caseD.direction4.Criticismfromcoaches,andotherteammates,aswellas____towincancreateanexcessiveamountofanxietyforyoungathletes.A.pressureB.reputationC.standardD.permission5.Shewenttothebookstoreandbought_____.A.dozenbooksB.dozensbooksC.dozenofbooksD.dozensofbooks6.--Whenhewasasmallchild,hehada(n)____forknowledge.--Nowonderheknowssomuch.A.wishB.appetiteC.touchD.study7.Atthemeetingtheydiscussedthreedifferent_____tothestudyofmathematics.A.approachesB.meansC.methodsD.ways8.The___onhisfacetoldmethathewasangry.A.impressionB.sightC.appearanceD.expression9.Itissaidthatdogswillkeepyou____foraslongasyouwantwhenyouarefeelinglonely.A.safetyB.companyC.houseD.friend10.Schoolchildrenmustbetaughthowtodealwithdangerous______.A.statesB.conditionsC.situationsD.positions11.ThelawyeradvisedTomtodropthe____sincehehadlittlechancetowin.A.affairB.caseC.incidentD.event12.Heusuallybuysa____onSundaymorning.A.SundaypaperB.Sunday"sPaperC.PaterofSundayD.paperofSunday"s13.Today,CCTVoffersagreat____ofprogrammestomeetthedifferentneedsand____.A.variety;tastesB.many;interestsC.deal;likesD.numbers;habits14.Ifyouliveinthecountryorhaveevervisitedthere,____arethatyouhaveheardbirdssingingtowelcomethenewday.A.situationsB.factsC.chancesD.possibilities15.Everyonefailsnowandthen.Itishowyoureactthatmakesa____inlife.A.developmentB.differenceC.progressD.point16.Iknowthemanby____butIhaveneverspokentohim.A.chanceB.hearC.sightD.experience17.NiagaraFallsisagreattourist____,drawingmillionsofvisitorseveryyear.A.attentionB.attractionC.appointmentD.arrangement18.____isstandingatthecornerofthestreet.A.ApoliceB.ThepoliceC.PoliceD.Apoliceman19.Findinginformationintoday"sworldiseasy.The____ishowyoucantelliftheinformation yougetisusefulornot.A.abilityB.competitionC.challengeD.knowledge1.Alwaysreadthe___onthebottlecarefullyandtaketherightamountofmedicine.A.explanationsB.instructionsC.descriptionsD.introductions2.Aworkeranthastwo____,oneforitself,andoneforcarryingfoodto"thefolksbackhome".A.stomachB.stomachesC.stomachsD.stomacs3.Isthere____foronemoreinthecar?A.seatB.situationC.positionD.room4.Howhappytheyare!Obviously,theyare____.A.innicespiritsB.innicespiritC.inhighspiritsD.inhighspirit5.Ineed____cloth,forI"mgoingtomake____clothes.A.alotof;manyB.much;muchC.many;manyD.many;alotof6.Ifbyanychancesomeonecomestoseeme,askhimtoleavea____.A.messageB.letterC.sentenceD.notice7.Themanagerlosthis____justbecausehissecretarywastenminuteslate.A.moodB.temperC.mindD.passion8.Hedroppedthe____andbrokeit.A.cupofcoffeeB.coffee"scupC.cupforcoffeeD.coffeecup9.Britishgovernmentoftensaysthatprovidingchildrenwith____totheinformationsuperhighwayisofgreatimportance.A.preventionB.protectionC.allowanceD.access10.Hegainedhis____byprinting____offamouswriters.A.wealth;workB.wealths;worksC.wealths;workD.wealth;works11.Inthisstrangevillage,therearemanysmallflagsontheir____.A.roofB.roofsC.roovesD.roofes1-10DCDADBADBC11-20BAACBCBDCB21-30CDCAABDDDB专题二代词1.--Shehastriedmanykindsofmedicine.--But____hasanyeffectonherdisease.A.nothingB.noneC.littleD.noone2.I"dappreciate____ifyouwouldliketoteachmehowtousethecomputer.A.thatB.itC.thisD.you3.Youmaydropinorjustgivemeacall.____willdo.A.EitherB.EachC.NeitherD.All4.--Whichdriverwastoblame?--Why,____!Itwasthechild"sfault,clearandsimple.Hesuddenlycameoutbetweentwoparkedcars.A.bothB.eachC.eitherD.neither5.Mymostfamousrelativeofall,____whoreallylefthismarkonAmerica,wasRobSussel,mygreat-grandfather.A.oneB.theoneC.heD.someone6.--Victorcertainlycarestoomuchabouthimself.--Yes.He"sneverinterestedinwhat_____isdoing. A.nooneelseB.anyoneelseC.someoneelseD.nobodyelse6.Carsdocauseussomehealthproblems--infactfarmoreserious____thanmobilephonesdo.A.oneB.onesC.itD.those7.Youwillfindasyoureadthisbookthatyoujustcan"tkeepsomeoftheseto____.Youwillwanttosharethemwithafriend.A.itselfB.yourselfC.himselfD.themselves8.--Wouldyoulike____,sir?--No,thanks.Ihavehadmuch.A.somemoreorangesB.anymoreorangesC.somemoreorangeD.anymoreorange9.IpreferaflatinInvernessto____inPerth,becauseIwanttolivenearmyMom"s.A.oneB.thatC.itD.this10.Notfarfromtheclub,therewasagarden,___ownerseatedinthegarden,playingchesswithsomefriends.A.whoseB.itsC.hisD.which11.Ithinkhe"sjustgoingtodealwiththisproblem____day.A.anotherB.followingC.otherD.next12.Hiswordsremindme___wedidtogetherduringthepastholiday.A.thatB.ofthatC.whatD.ofwhat13.Theheadteacheralwaysasks____studentstobestrictwithourselvesineverything.A.theB.ourC.usD.his14.____childrenarestillplayinggamesoutside.A.TwootherlittleB.OthertwolittleC.LittletwootherD.Otherlittletwo15.Thepopulationofourvillagetodayis70percentasmuchas____beforeliberation.A.theseB.thoseC.themD.that16.Catherineboughtapostcardoftheplaceshewasvisiting,addressed____to____andthenposteditatthenearbypostoffice.A.it;herB.it;herselfC.herself;herD.herself;herself17.Isentinvitationsto90people,____havereplied.A.ofwhomonly30ofthemB.ofwhomonly30C.only30ofthosewhoD.only30who18.--Didalettercomeforme?--Yes.____cameforyouthismorning.A.ThatB.ItC.OneD.Theletter19.____oughttobenotroublebecauseheknewtheanswers.A.ItB.ThereC.OneD.That20.Mygrandmastilltreatsmelikeachild.Shecan"timagine____grownup.A.myB.mineC.myselfD.me21.JohnsonisaNewYorker;____is,helivesinNewYork.A.thisB.thatC.heD.it22.Thethievesranawayseparately,____carryingabag.A.allB.eachC.everyD.either23.--Hewasnearlykilledbyacaronce.--Whenwas___?--____wasin2000___hewasinamiddleschool.A.that;It;whenB.that;It;thatC.this;that;thatD.this;It;when 6.IfIcanhelp____,Idon"tlikeworkinglateintothenight.A.soB.thatC.itD.them7.Neverlaughatthefailureof___,because____enjoysbeinglaughedat.A.others;nobodyB.other;everyoneC.theother;anyoneD.others;someone27.Computersmustbeofgreatuseto____doingthescientificresearch.A.theseB.whoeverC.thoseD.whomever28.Mygrandparentsusedtolivein____isnowpartofShanghai.A.whichB.whatC.whereD.that29.--Whataboutthepriceofthesewashingmachines?--Theyareequalinpriceto,ifnotcheaperthan,____attheothershopsinthestreet.A.othersB.itC.thatD.theones30.--Therearepeoplewecouldblameforthemanypainfulanddisturbingthingsin2010.--Butlookbackinadifferentwayandyou"llseeanotherstory,___isn"taboutconflictorgreatman.A.whichoneB.itC.onethatD.something31.Thepublicexpressed____concernabouttheaccident.A.itsB.theirC.herD.his32.Hecaressolittleabouthismealsthat____willdosolongasitfillshisstomach.A.anythingB.everythingC.nothingD.something33.Withinindustries,companiesarealwaystryingtodevelopproductsthatareonestepbetterthan___ofothercompanies.A.oneB.thatC.thoseD.all1-33BBADBBBBCABADCADBBCBDBBACACBDCBAC专题三冠词1.---Whatdoyouseewhenyouthinkof____forest?--Ofcourse,____trees.A.a;/B.the;theC./;/D.a;the2.____pageofthebookistornand____coverlooksveryold.A.The;theB.A;aC.A;theD.The;a3.Don"tworryifyoucan"tcometo____party---Iwillsave____cakeforyou.A.the;someB.a;muchC.the;anyD.a;little4.Forhim____stageisjust____meansofmakingaliving.A.a;aB.the;aC.the;theD.a;the5.Ofall____reasonsformydecisiontobecomeauniversityprofessor,myfather"sadvicewas____mostimportantone.A.the;aB./;aC./;theD.the;the6.In____reviewof44studies,Americanresearchersfoundthatmenandwomenwhoatesixkeyfoodsdailycuttheriskof____heartdiseaseby76%.A.a;theB.the;aC.a;/D./;a7.Everywheremanhascutdown____forestsinordertogrowcrops,ortouse___woodasfuelorasbuildingmaterial.A.the;theB.the;/C./;theD./;/8.--Iknockedovermycoffeecup.Itwentrightover____keyboard. --Youshouldnotputdrinksnear____computer.A.the;/B.the;aC.a;/D.a;a5.--Hello,couldIspeaktoMr.Smith?--Sorry,wrongnumber.Thereisn"t____Mr.Smithhere.A./B.aC.theD.one6.OnMay5th,2005____WorldTableTennisChampionship,KongLinghuiandWangHaowonthegoldmedalinmen"sdoubleswith____scoreof4:1.A.a;aB./;theC.a;/D.the;a7.Ifyougrowupin____largefamily,youaremorelikelytodevelop____abilitytogetonwellwith____others.A./;an;theB.a;the;/C.the;an;theD.a;the;the8.Ican"trememberwhenexactlytheTomleft___city.Ionlyrememberitwas___Monday.A.the;theB.a;theC.the;/D.the;a9.Thisbooktells___lifestoryofJohn,wholeft___schoolandworkedforafactoryat16.A.the;theB.a;theC.the;/D.a;/10.Itisoftensaidthat___teachershave___veryeasylife.A./;/B./;aC.the;/D.the;a11.Ifyougoby___train,youcanhavequiteacomfortablejourney,butmakesureyouget___fastone.A.the;theB./;aC.the;aD./;/12.Whenheleft___college,hegotajobas____reporterinanewspaperoffice.A./;aB./;theC.a;theD.the;the13.Themostimportantthingaboutcottoninhistoryis___partthatitplayedin___IndustrialRevolution.A./;/B.the;/C.the;theD.a;the14.It"softenlessexpensivetobuygoodsin____quantity,butyou"dbetterexamine____qualitybeforebuyingthem.A./;theB.the;/C.a;theD.the;the15.Itissaidthatthecompanyin____chargeofhimisin___debtnow.A.the;theB./;/C.the;/D./;the16.____wasknowntoallthatthe16thNationalCongressofCPCclosedonNovember14andHuJintaowaselected____generalsecretaryoftheCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChina.Heis____mostpromisingleaderofChina.A.What;a;aB.A;/;theC.It;/;theD.It;the;the17.--Ihearthatasmanyas150peoplewerekilledinthestorm.--Yes,_____newscameas____shocktome.A.the;theB.the;aC.a;theD.a;a18.Thesuccessofbiddingthe2008OlympicGameshasbeen___greatpleasureandencouragementto___Chinesepeople.A.the;theB.a;/C.a;theD./;a19.Ifyoulivein___Englishcountryside,youshareyourgardenwithall___sortsofbirds,animalsandinsects.A.the;/B.an;theC./;/D.an;/20.Weweregiven____greatsurprisewhenhesaidhewouldleave____officesoon. A./;theB./;/C.a;/D.the;the5.Itisknowntousthatittakesyearsof___practicetogain___skillsof___expert.A./;the;anB./;the;theC.the;the;anD.a;/;the26.Hethoughtit____greatexperienceasheenjoyedthebeautyof____nature.A./;theB.the;/C.a;/D.a;the27.--Hewantstohave____wordwithyou.--Iknow____wordhascomethatI"mthenextpersonhewantstotalkto.A./;theB.a;theC.a;/D.the;a28.--Goodevening,Mr.Piece.I"msorrytobotheryou.Butit"sthefourthofDecembertoday.--Oh,Mrs.Baxter,___rent!I"msorryit"slate.I"llwritetoyou___checkrightnow.A.the;theB.a;aC.a;theD.the;a29.It"ssaidthataboutaquarterof____Europeancanspeak____foreignlanguagebesidestheirnativelanguages.A.the;aB.an;theC.the;theD./;/1-29ACABDCCBBDBDCBBACACCBCACACCDA专题四形容词和副词1.____homeworkdidwehavetodothatwehadnotimetotakearest.A.SomuchB.ToomuchC.ToolittleD.Solittle2.IhopeIwillnotbecalledoninclassasI"mnotyet____prepared.A.attentivelyB.readilyC.activelyD.adequately3.--Didyouenjoyyourselfattheparty?--Yes.I"veneverbeento____onebefore.A.amoreexcitedB.themostexcitedC.amoreexcitingD.themostexciting4.I"mcertainDavid"stoldyouhisbusinesstroubles.____,it"snosecretthatheowesalotofmoneytothebank.A.HoweverB.AnywayC.ThereforeD.Though5.Theperformerwaswavinghisstickinthestreetandit____missedthechildstandingnearby.A.narrowlyB.nearlyC.hardlyD.closely6.Iwishyou"ddo____talkingandsomemorework.Thusthingswillbecomebetter.A.abitlessB.anylessC.muchmoreD.alittlemore7.Smallcarsare____offuel,sotheyhavemoreappealforconsumers.A.freeB.shortC.typicalD.economical8.Ithoughtshewasfamous,butnoneofmyfriendshave____heardofher.A.evenB.everC.justD.never9.Fitnessisimportantinsport,butofatleast____importanceareskills.A.fairB.reasonableC.equalD.proper10.Thiswashingmachineisenvironmentallyfriendlybecauseituses___waterandelectricitythan____models.A.less;olderB.less;elderC.fewer;olderD.muchless;elder11.Icannotthankyou____muchforyourkindness,becausewithoutyourhelp,Icannothavesucceededintheexam.A.veryB.tooC.quiteD.that12.Ican"ttelltheexacttimewhenI"llgetthere.____,I"llbethereasearlyasIcan. A.AnyhowB.IncaseC.NomatterD.Therefore1.--Ithinkyoumighthavegotdrunkattheparty.--Well.I____.A.mostlydidB.nearlydidC.almostdidD.almosthad2.Livinginahighly____society,youdefinitelyhavetoarmyourselfwithasmuchknowledgeaspossible.A.attractiveB.favorableC.communicatedD.competitive3.Thefarmerswonderedifvegetablescouldbringin____crops.A.asmanyasB.asgoodasC.asmuchasD.aswellas4.--Areyougoingtohaveaholidaythisyear?--I"dloveto.Ican"twaittoleavethisplace_____.A.offB.outC.behindD.over5.Jack"s_____brotheris____thanhim.A.older;olderB.old;elderC.elder;youngerD.elder;older6.Therewerenotickets____forFriday"sperformance.A.preferableB.possibleC.considerableD.available7.Itis____thatthemanagerhaspromisedustoattendthemeeting.A.latelyB.lateC.latestD.later8.Hehadneverspenta____day.A.moreworryB.mostworryingC.moreworryingD.mostworried9.Hehasnomorethanfortydollars.Means____.A.hehasatleastfortydollarsB.hehasmorethanfortydollarsC.heonlyhasfortydollarsD.hehaslessthanfortydollars10.Wouldyoube____openthedoor?A.enoughkindtoB.enoughkindnottoC.kindenoughtoD.sokindenoughasto11.Hismotherisahard-workingwoman.___shedoesforthefamily,___shefeels.A.Themany;thehappierB.Themore;thehappierC.Themuch;thehappyD.Themore;thehappiest12.Ican"tpay____asheasked.A.ashighasapriceB.ashighpriceC.asahighpriceD.ashighaprice13.--Haveyoudecidedwhichonetotake,theblackcaportheredcap?--Ithinktheblackcapis____ofthetwo.A.aniceroneB.theniceroneC.nicerD.thenicest14.Ourfactoryproduced____bicyclesin2003astheyearbefore.A.asmanyastwiceB.twicemorethanC.astwicemanyD.twiceasmany15.Sincetaxifareinthecitymayturn____twentydollars,Isuggestthatyoutakeabus.A.ashighasB.asexpensiveasC.sohighasD.soexpensiveas16.TheHuangheRiveris____inChina.A.asecondlongestriverB.thesecondlongestriverC.thesecondlongerriverD.asecondlongerriver17.Tonyisgoingtodothehomeworkwith____boys.A.littletwootherB.twolittleotherC.twootherlittleD.littleothertwo好美小高状其新，颜色国料特别亲1-29ADCBAADBCABACDDCDDACCCBDBDABC 专题五情态动词1.____fired,yourhealthcareandotherbenefitswillnotbeimmediatelycutoff.A.WouldyoubeB.ShouldyoubeC.CouldyoubeD.Mightyoube2.Asyouworkedlateyesterday,you____havecomethismorning.A.needn"tB.mayn"tC.can"tD.mustn"t3.--MayIsmokehere?--Ifyou____,chooseaseatinthesmokingsection.A.shouldB.couldC.mayD.must4.Theweatherturnedouttobefineyesterday.I___thetroubletocarrymyumbrellawithme.A.shouldhavetakenB.couldhavetakenC.needn"thavetakenD.mustn"thavetaken5.Theworkerswillgoonstrikeifthedemandsthey___putforwardareturneddown.A.couldB.wouldC./D.had6.Twobagswhich___toHongkongwereatthismomentbeingloadedabroadaflighttoGuangzhou.A.shouldhavegoneB.shouldbegoingC.musthavegoneD.mustbegoing7.--Haveyouheardtheterroristsweredrivenoutofthecountry?--Yes.____peacereturntothetroubledland!A.WillB.ShallC.CanD.May8.Whenweworkedinthesameoffice,we____oftenhavecoffeetogether.A.wouldB.shouldC.couldD.oughtto9.Whydidn"tyoutellmetherewasnomeetingtoday?I____allthewayhere____theheavysnow.A.needn"thavedriven;throughB.can"thavedrivenacrossC.mustn"thavedriven;throughD.shouldn"thavedriven;cross10.Theworldwidewebissometimesjokinglycalledtheworldwidewaitbecauseit___beveryslow.A.shouldB.mustC.willD.can11.--Lucydoesn"tmindlendingyouherdictionary?--She____,I"vealreadyborrowedone.A.can"tB.mustn"tC.needn"tD.shouldn"t12.--DoyouknowwhereDavidis?Icouldn"tfindhimanywhere.--Well.He____havegonefar--hiscoat"sstillhere.A.shouldn"tB.mustn"tC.can"tD.wouldn"t13.Iwasonthehighwaywhenthiscarwentpastfollowedbyapolicecar.They____atleast150kilometersanhour.A.shouldhavebeendoingB.musthavebeendoingC.couldhavedoneD.wouldhavedone14.Helen____goonthetripwithus,butsheisn"tquitesureyet.A.shallB.mustC.mayD.can15.--ThewomanbiologiststayedinAfricastudyingwildanimalsfor13yearsbeforeshereturned.--Oh,dear!She____alotofdifficulties.A.maygothroughB.mightgothroughC.oughttohavegonethroughD.musthavegonethrough16.--I"vetakensomeoneelse"sgreensweaterbymistake.--It____Harry"s.Healwayswearsgreen. A.couldbeB.willbeC.mustn"tbeD.hastobe1.Hepaidforaseat,whenhe____haveenteredfree.A.couldB.wouldC.mustD.need2.--Mr.Gordonaskedmetoremindyouofthemeetingthisafternoon.Don"tyouforgetit!--Ok,I____.A.won"tB.don"tC.willD.do3.Childrenunder12yearsofageinthatcountry___beunderadultsupervisionwheninapubliclibrary.A.mustB.mayC.canD.need4.Mr.Bushisontimeforeverything.How___itbethathewaslatefortheopeningceremony?A.canB.shouldC.mayD.must5.--IsJohnsonondutytoday?--It_____behim.It"smyturn.A.maynotB.won"tC.mustn"tD.can"t6.Youcan"timaginethatawell-behavedgentleman____besorudetoalady.A.mightB.needC.shouldD.would7.We____haveprovedgreatadventures,butwehavedonethegreatestevermadeinthepasttenyears.A.needn"tB.maynotC.shouldn"tD.mustn"t8.Ifitwerenotforthefactthatshe____sing,Iwouldinvitehertotheparty.A.couldn"tB.shouldn"tC.can"tD.mightnot9.Ifyouwritesomethingandsenditimmediatelybyemail,whichyou____laterregret,thereisnochanceforsecondthoughts.A.wouldB.shouldC.havetoD.might10.ItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI____inlove,attheageofseven,withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.A.wouldn"thavefallenB.hadnotfallenC.shouldfallD.weretofall11.Ithasbeenannouncedthatcandidates____remainintheirseatsuntilallthepapershavebeencollected.A.canB.willC.mayD.shall12.--Iheardtheywentskiinginthemountainslastwinter.--It____truebecausetherewaslittlesnowthere.A.maynotbeB.won"tbeC.couldn"tbeD.mustn"tbe13.--Willyoustayforlunch?--Sorry,____.Mybrotheriscomingtoseeme.A.Imustn"tB.Ican"tC.Ineedn"tD.Iwon"t14.LookatthetroubleIamin!IfonlyI___youradvice.A.followedB.wouldfollowC.hadfollowedD.shouldfollow15.MyEnglish-Chinesedictionaryhasdisappeared.Who____havetakenit?A.shouldB.mustC.couldD.would16.Naturally,afterItoldherwhattodo,mydaughter___goanddotheopposite!A.mayB.canC.mustD.should17.Someaspectsofapilot"sjob___beboring,andpilotsoften___workatinconvenienthours. A.can;havetoB.may;canC.haveto;mayD.oughtto;must1.How____yousaythatyoureallyunderstandthewholestoryifyouhavecoveredonlypartofthearticle?A.canB.mustC.needD.may2.--What"sthename?--Khulaifi.____Ispellthatforyou?A.ShallB.WouldC.CanD.Might1-35BADCCADAADCCBCDAAAAADCBCDBDCBCCCAAA专题六动词和动词短语1.Someonewholacksstayingpowerandperseveranceisunlikelyto___agoodresearcher.A.makeB.turnC.getD.grow2.Althoughthewindhas___,therainremainssteady,soyoustillneedaraincoat.A.turnedupB.gonebackC.dieddownD.blownout3.IfanyonehappenstodropinwhileIamout,___himorherleaveamessage.A.haveB.getC.askD.tell4.Hisideaofhavingweeklyfamilymealstogether,whichseemeddifficultatfirst,has____manygoodchangesintheirlives.A.gotthroughB.resultfromC.turnedintoD.broughtabout5.Heissuchamanwhoisalways____faultwithotherpeople.A.puttingB.seekingC.findingD.lookingfor6.Whatshallweuseforpowerwhentheoilintheworldhas___?A.givenoutB.putoutC.helpupD.usedup7.Sennyworkedhardbeforethefinalexamination,andit____.ShegotanA.A.showedoffB.paidoffC.putoffD.tookoff8.Istartedalittlelate,IjustwonderedhowIcould___thestationsincetherewasatrafficjamahead.A.makeittoB.reachforC.speedupD.seehimoff9.Darkness___,sowehadtostopourjourneyandstayonafarmforthenight.A.happenedB.spreadC.brokeD.fell10.It"salready10o"clockIwonderhowit___thatshewastwohourslateonsuchashorttrip.A.cameoverB.cameoutC.cameaboutD.cameup11.We"retryingtoringyouback,Bryan,butwethinkwe___yournumberincorrectly.A.lookedupB.tookdownC.workedoutD.broughtabout12.Thepreciousmanuscriptswerehopelessly____bylongexposureinthecold,dampcellar.A.damagedB.destroyedC.harmedD.ruined13.