2012年中考英语语法笔记大全练习讲解 9页

九年级英语专项复习导学案（名词）姚村三中李小芳命题预测：预计2013河南省中招命题可能会从以下几个方面考查名词：1.具体语境中名词的词义理解和辨析。2.可数名词的规则变化和不规则变化。3.名词所有格、不可数名词的数量表示法。预习导学：名词的分类英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类：1、专有名词是个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称。专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。如：Beijing,Tom,thePeople’sRepublicofChina(中华人民共和国)2、普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称。如：pupil,family,man,foot.普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。▲可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词,如：box,child,orange；▲不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。如：water,news,oil,population,information.跟踪训练1.Ihavealotof________(作业)todoeveryday.2.His_______(裤子)arenew,butmineareold.3.Itisthebestoneofthe_________(照片)inmyfamily.4.Aretheybuildingany_______(图书馆)inthecity?5.Canyoucutthisbigpearintotwo_______(半)?6.Attheendof_______(八月),youmustgetreadyforthenewschoolyear.7.Arethese_____(watch)yours?Yes.8.Youdon"tlookwell.You"dbettergotothe______(doctor)atonce.合作探究考点一英语可数名词的单复数：英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。1、可数名词的单数形式要在名词前加“a或an”；复数形式是在名词后加“-s或-es”。名词由单数变复数的基本方法如下：①一般情况直接在词尾加s。如：map→maps,boy→boys,horse→horses,table→tables.②s,,x,sh,ch结尾的词加es.如：class→classes,box→boxes,,dish→dishes,bench→benches.第9页共9页 ③以o结尾的词,变复数时加s或es。如：photo→photos,piano→pianos,tomato→Tomatoes,potato→potatoes,hero→heroes,Negro→Negroes④以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es。如：family→families,city→cities,party→parties.⑤以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加es。如：shelf→shelves,wolf→wolves,life→lives,knife→knives.中考预测1.June1stis____Dayallovertheworld.A.Child’sB.Childs’C.Children’sD.Childrens’2.September10this___DayinChina,isn’tit?A.Teacher’sB.Teachers’C.TeacherD.Teacherof3.Thisis_______news.A.suchagoodB.averygoodC.sogoodaD.suchgood4.What______itis!Let’sgoswimming.A.afineweatherB.finedayC.afinedayD.badweather5.TheylikeChinese_____.A.foodandpeoplesB.foodsandpeopleC.foodsandpeopleD.foodandpeople6.LucyandIgotoschool_____everyday.A.onfeetB.onfootC.byfootsD.bybuses7.–Arethose_____?-No,theyaren’t.They’re_____.A.sheep;cowsB.sheep;cowC.sheeps;cowD.sheeps;cows8.Whatareyoulisteningto,Jane?____or____?A.amusic;anewsB.music;newsC.music;newsD.music;anews9.Howmany____and____arethereinyourclass?A.boystudent;girlonesB.girlsstudents;boysonesC.boysstudent;girloneD.girlstudents;boyones考点二可数名词复数的不规则变化①改变单数名词中的元音字母eg.man，woman,tooth，foot,goose,mouseFrenchman,policeman(German-Germans,Norman-Normans除外)②单复数同形eg.Chinese,deerfish,sheepJapanese,Swiss③由man和woman构成的合成词,每个名词都要变复数第9页共9页 eg.amandoctor—awomanteacher④只有复数形式的名词，如：trousers,glasses,clothes,people,scissors,chopsticks.⑤像public,police,family,team,group,class,crowd等集体名词一般以单数形式出现，当它们作主语时如果表示一个整体，谓语动词用单数；如果表示集体中的每一个成员，谓语动词用复数。Eg:Thepolice(be)searchingforthethieves.⑥.姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义),如：theGreens(格林一家人)。中考预测1.Agroupof____aretalkingwithtwo___overthere.A.Frenchmen;GermansB.Frenchmen;GermenC.German;FrenchmenD.Germans;Frenchmans2.Thatbusdriverdranktwo_____.A.glassofwaterB.glassesofwatersC.cupsofteaD.cupoftea3.Mrs.Smithisanoldfriendof_______.A.Bob’smotherB.Bob’smother’sC.motherofBobD.Bobmother’s4.Thetallmanwithabignoseis_______teacher.A.TomandCarlB.Tom’sandCarl’sC.TomandCarl’s5.Thereis______treeinourschool.A.a8-metres-tallB.an-8-metre-tallC.an8metrestall6.In____time,thosemountainswillbecoveredwithtrees.A.fewyearB.afewyears’C.fewyearsD.afewyear’s7.Didyouhearthe______report?A.policeB.policemen’sC.policemans’D.policemens’8.Webought_____formymother’sbirthday.A.somemeatsB.somepiecesmeatC.apieceofmeatD.piecesofmeats9.–Whoseisthisnewdesk?-It’s_____.A.SueandJim’sB.SueandJimC.Sue’sandJim’s10.–Wouldyoulike_____coffee?-No,thanks.I’vedrunktwo__.A.any;bottlesoforangeB.little;bottleoforangesC.some;bottlesoforangeD.afew;bottleoforange11.–Howmany_____doyouwant?-Two,please.A.kilosofeggB.kiloofeggsC.kilosofeggsD.kiloofbread考点三不可数名词：物质名词(water,ink,wood,rice等)和抽象名词（peace,love,health,knowledge,English等）都属于不可数名词。不可数名词的数量常用某个量词(piece,bag,glass,cup,drop等)+of来表示。跟踪训练:两块面包五滴水第9页共9页 三袋大米一杯茶考点四名词的所有格(1)表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加’s。如：Childern’sDay(儿童节),mysister’sbook(我姐姐的书)(2)以s或es结尾的复数名词。只在词尾加’。如：Teachers’Day(教师节)(3)有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加’s.如：today’snewspaper(今天的报纸),China’spopulation(中国的人口).(4)无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词of短语来表示所有关系。如：afinedaughteroftheParty(党的好女儿).（5）‘s还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺,如：myaunt’s(我阿姨家),thedoctor’s(诊所)（6）两人共有某物时,可以采用AandB’s的形式,如：LucyandLily’sbedroom(露西和丽丽合住的卧室)，两人各有各的东西时，用A’sandB’s的形式,如：Lucy’sandLily’sbedrooms（7）“of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”,称为双重所有格,如：afriendofmyfather’s(我父亲的一位朋友),afriendofmine(我的一位朋友)中考预测1.–Howmany_____doyouwant?-Two,please.A.kilosofeggB.kiloofeggsC.kilosofeggsD.kiloofbread2.Therailwaystationistwo_____fromourhouse.A.hour’sdriveB.hours’driveC.hour-driveD.hoursdrive3.–Whereareyougoing,Lucy?-_______.A.TomyuncleB.Tomyuncle’s.C.AtmyuncleD.Atmyuncle’s4.Haveyouread_____?A.anewspaperoftoday’sB.todaynewspaperC.today"snewspaper5.There’realotof___downthere,buthardlyany___.A.horse;peopleB.horses;peoplesC.cow;peopleD.sheep;people6.Lucyputalotof____in____oftea.(2000西安)A.sugar;thetwocupB.sugars;thetwocupsC.sugar;thetwocupsD.sugars;twocups7.Mr.Linoftengivesus_______bye-mail.(2000上海)A.somegoodinformationB.somegoodinformationsC.goodinformationsD.agoodinformation8.–Isthisyourroom?-No,it’s_____room.(2000广州)A.boxofappleB.boxesofapplesC.boxofapplesD.boxesofapple9.Wouldyougiveme________,please?A.twopapersB.twopieceofpaperC.twopiecesofpaperD.twopiecesofpapers第9页共9页 考点五名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题：1、主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式：如：Thecomputerwasagreatinvention；Thewaterintheglassisverycold.2、集体名词(如family,class,team,group,row,police,school等)做句子主语时,如果表示整体概念,则谓语用单数形式,如：ClassThreeisaverygoodclass.如果表示其所有成员时,则谓语用复数形式,如：ClassThreehaveamapofChina.3、Chinese,Japanese,fish,sheep,people等表示单个时谓语用单数,表示许多时,谓语用复数。如：Thereisasheepintheyard.(院子里有只绵羊)/Therearesomesheepintheyard.(院子里有一些绵羊)4、maths,news等虽然有s结尾,但不是复数,因此谓语仍用单数：Thenewsisveryexciting.5、glasses,shoes,socks,trousers,gloves等名词往往用复数形式,故谓语用复数。如：ThetrousersareverycheapandIwanttotakethem.(裤子很便宜,我想买)6、and连接两个名词做主语时,谓语原则上用复数,但是两个名词若构成一个整体事物时,谓语则用单数。如：Theteacherandhissonarepickingapplesnow.(老师和他的儿子在摘苹果)/Fishandchipsisveryfamousfood.(鱼和薯条是一种出名的食品)7、therebe句型中be的单复数一般由靠近的名词决定。如：Thereisatableandfourchairsintheroom.(房间里有一张桌子和四张椅子)8、用both…and…连接两个事物做主语时,谓语一般用复数。如：BothyouandIarerequiredtobeheretomorrow.(你和我明天要求都来)9、主语中含有with的短语时,谓语单复数由with之前的人物决定。如：Awomanwitha7-year-oldchildwasstandingatthesideoftheroad.(一名妇女带着一个七岁的孩子(当时)就站在路边)10、either…or…或者neither…nor…连接两个人物做句子主语时,谓语采用就近原则。如：Eitheryouorheisright.NeitheryounorIamgoingthere.11、表示一段时间、长度、重量或金钱概念的复数名词做主语时,谓语一般用单数。如：Twomonthsisnotashorttime.Twothousandkilometersisquitealongdistance。第9页共9页 例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！1.Theygotmuch_____fromthosenewbooks.A.ideasB.photosC.newsD.stories解析:much是用来修饰不可数名词的,ABD三个选项均是可是名词的复数形式,C项为不可数名词,因此选C.2.Ihavetwo_______andthreebottlesof_________here.A.orange,orangeB.oranges,orangesC.oranges,orangeD.orange,oranges解析:orange有两种含义,一种可数名词橘子,另一种是不可数名词橘汁,此题第一空应填可数名词,第二空填不可数名词,因此选C。3.EveryeveningMr.Kingtakesa_________tohishome.A.25minutes’walkB.25minute’swalkC.25minutewalkD.25minuteswalk解析:句中的minute应该用其复数的所有格形式,只+’,而不能+s,因此选A。4.Anold_______wantstoseeyou.A.peopleB.personC.thepeopleD.theperson解析:person与people都有”人”的意思,但用法不同.“一个人”用“aperson”,“两个人”用“twopersons”;people泛指“人们”是集合名词,表示复数,thepeople指“人民”,apeople指“一个民族”.应选B。5.Helpyourselfto__________.A.chickensandapplesB.chickensandappleC.chickenandappleD.chickenandapples解析:chicken可用作可数名词指小鸡,用作不可数名词指鸡肉,根据词题意应理解为鸡肉;apple为可数名词,故应+s,因此选D。6.Oh,dear.Iforgotthetwo_________.A.room’snumberB.rooms’numberC.roomnumbersD.rooms’numbers解析:roomnumber房间号码.room可直接用作定语修饰后面的名词.类似的还有myphsicsteacher,twobusdrivers等.应选C。7.ShehasbeeninTianjinfortenyears.Tianjinhasbecomehersecond_________.A.familyB.houseC.homeD.room解析:family指的是家庭或是家庭成员;house指的是房子(住所);room指的是房间;而home指的是家,因此选C.8.________motherscouldn’tgotothemeeting,becausetheyhavegonetoShanghai.A.MaryandPeter’sB.MaryandPeter第9页共9页 C.Mary’sandPeterD.Mary’sandPeter’s解析:此句中“mothers”是复数,表示两个人各自的母亲,因此应选D。9.8.________motherscouldn’tgotothemeeting,becausetheyhavegonetoShanghai.A.MaryandPeter’sB.MaryandPeterC.Mary’sandPeterD.Mary’sandPeter’s解析:此句意为“李雷这个去她舅舅家多次”.表示具体场所时,可省去所有格后面的名词.因此选B。10.Heisasuccessasaleaderbuthehasn’t________inteaching.A.manyexperiencesB.muchexperienceC.anexperienceD.alotexperience解析:experience作“经验”讲时是不可数名词,作“经历”讲时是可数名词.本句中应理解为“经验”,因此是不可数名词,排除AC.又因alotof,lotsof,plentyof只用于肯定句,不用于否定句,因此选B。11.Aclassmateof_________washeretenminutesago.A.youB.yourC.yoursisterD.yoursister’s解析:此题考查名词的双重所有格.应选D。12.Agroupof_________aretalkingwithtwo___________.A.Frenchmen,GermansB.Germans,FrenchmansC.Frenchmans,GermenD.Germen,Frenchmen解析:Frenchman是复合词,其复数形式为Frenchmen;German的复数为直接在单词末尾+S,应选A.13.Theteam________havingameeting.A.isB.areC.amD.be解析:team是一个集合名词,即可表示复数意义(指整个小组),也可指小组中的成员(表示复数),此题意为后者,因此选B。14.“Wouldyoulike_________?”“________,please.”A.drink,ThreecoffeesB.acupofdrink,CoffeesC.adrink,AcoffeeD.adrink,Threecupsofcoffees解析:drink和coffee是不可数名词,可以用…of来表示数量,eg,threecupsofcoffee,当前面加a时,则表示　“一杯”．因此选C。15.TheGreatWallwasmadenotonlyby_______,butalsothefleshandbloodof________men.A.earthandstone,millionsofB.earthsandstones,millions第9页共9页 C.theearthandstone,millionofD.theearthsandstones,millions解析：earth是不可数名词，因此删除BD,数以百万的应为millionsof.因此选A。练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！选择最佳答案：1．Lastnight,therewasafoodaccident.The_______wereill,butno_______werelost.A.child,livesB.children,lifeC.children,livesD.child,life2.---Thisisaphotoof_________whentheywereyoung.---OK,howhappytheybothlooked!A.myfatherandmotherB.mymotherandfather"sC.mymother"sandfather"sD.myfather"sandmymother3.Thenewstudentisin__________,GradeTwo.A.ClassThirdB.ThirdClassC.ClassThreeD.Threeclass4.TodayisSeptember10th.It"s__________Day.Let"sgoandbuysomeflowersforourteachers.A.TeachersB.Teachers"C.theTeachers"D.Teacher"s5.Themarketisn"tfarfromhere.It"sonly_________bicycleride.A.halfanhours"B.halfanhour"sC.halfanhourD.anhourandahalf6.---Whatwouldyouliketodrink,girls?---_________,please.A.TwocupofcoffeeB.TwocupsofcoffeC.TwocupsofcoffeeD.Twocupsofcoffees7.DuringChristmas,peoplegettogetherandsingChristmassongsfor_________.A.funB.wishesC.interestD.thanks8.Some_________areflyingkitesneartheriver.A.childB.boyC.boysD.childs9.Aftertheexam,we"llhave________holiday.A.twoweeksB.two-weeksC.twoweeks"D.twoweek"s10.Theyarethose_________bags.Pleaseputthemonthebus.A.visitorB.visitorsC.visitor"sD.visitors"11.---Howmanyworkersarethereinyourfactory?---Therearetwo___________.A.hundredsB.hundredC.hundredofD.hundredsof12.---Whatdoyouthinkofthe_______theMoonlightSonatabyBeethoven?第9页共9页 ---Itsoundsreallywonderful.A.subjectB.musicC.bookD.animal13.Thereisnotenough_________inthecornerforthefridge.A.placeB.roomC.fieldD.ground14._________comesfromsheepandsomepeoplelikeeatingitA.WoolB.PorkC.MuttonD.Milk15.Ifyoudon"ttakemore________,you"llgetfat.A.medicineB.lessonsC.photosD.exercise16.Myschoolisabouttwenty________walkfromhere.A.minuteB.minutes"C.minutes"sD.minutes17.Mum,Ihave_______totellyou!A.agoodnewsB.somegoodnewsC.somegoodnewesD.muchgoodnews18.Whichisthe________tothepostoffice?A.streetB.wayC.roadD.address19.Istayedat________lastSunday.A.myunclesB.myuncles"C.myuncle"sD.myuncle"sfamily20.Maths________noteasytolearn.A.areB.isC.amD.were1-5CBCBB6-10CACCD11-15ABBCD16-20BBBCB第9页共9页