高中英语语法复习讲义 48页

高中英语语法网络图一．名词纵观高考试题，试题中出现的考点主要有：名词的复数形式；不可数名词的辨认；抽象名词转换成普通名词的名词一体词；名词作定语；双重所有格；名词前多个形容词排列。I.名词的种类：专有名词普通名词国名地名人名，团体机构名称可数名词不可数名词个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词II.名词的数：名词可数与不可数及修饰词：常考的抽象名词有：advice,chalk,furniture,patience,paper,clothing,fun,power,work,oil,jewelery,homework,sugar,information,salt,knowledge,luck,weather,progress,news(word),money注意：another不能修饰不可数名词，可说anotherbook，不可说anothernews。1.规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下：规则例词1一般情况在词尾加-smap-maps,sea-seas,girl-girls,day-days2以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词后加-esclass-classes,box-boxes,watch-watches,dish-dishes3以-f或-fe结尾的词变-f和-fe为v再加-esleaf-leaves,thief-thieves,knife-knives,loaf-loaves,wife-wives加-sbelief-beliefs,chief-chiefs,proof-proofs,roof-roofs,gulf-gulfs4以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-esparty-parties,family-families,story-stories,city-cities5以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或专有名词以y结尾的，加-stoy-toys,boy-boys,day-days,ray-rays,Henry-Henrys6以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词一般加-eshero-heroes,Negro-Negroes,potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes不少外来词加-spiano-pianos,photo-photos,auto-autos,kilo-kilos,solo-solos两者皆可zero-zeros/zeroes,volcano-volcanoes/volcanos7以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-sradio-radios,bamboo-bamboos,zoo-zoos8以-th结尾的名词加-struth-truths,mouth-mouths,month-months,path-paths,2.不规则名词复数：英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下：规则例词1改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,goose-geese,mouse-mice2单复数相同sheep,deer,series,means,works,fish,speciesli,yuan,jin,3只有复数形式ashes,trousers,clothes,thanks,goods,glasses,compasses,contents4一些集体名词总是用作复数people,police,cattle,staff5部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作复数（成员）audience,class,family,crowd,couple,group,committee,government,population,crew,team,public,enemy,party6复数形式表示特别含义customs(海关),forces(军队),times(时代),spirits(情绪),drinks(饮料),sands(沙滩),papers(文件报纸),manners(礼貌),looks(外表),brains(头脑智力),greens(青菜),ruins(废墟)7表示“某国人”加-sAmericans,Australians,Germans,Greeks,Swedes,Europeans单复数同形Swiss,Portuguese,Chinese,Japanese以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-womenEnglishmen,Frenchwomen8合成名词将主体名词变为复数sons-in-law,lookers-on,passers-by,story-tellers,boyfriends无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数grown-ups,housewives,stopwatches将两部分变为复数womensingers,menservantsIII.名词的所有格：48 名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种：一是名词词尾加’s构成，二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。1.’s所有格的构成：单数名词在末尾加’stheboy’sfather,Jack’sbook,herson-in-law’sphoto,复数名词一般在末尾加’theteachers’room,thetwins’mother,不规则复数名词后加’sthechildren’stoys,women’srights,以s结尾的人名所有格加’s或者’Dickens’novels,Charles’sjob,theSmiths’house表示各自的所有关系时,各名词末尾均须加’sJapan’sandAmerica’sproblems,Jane’sandMary’sbikes表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词末加’sJapanandAmerica’sproblems,JaneandMary’sfather表示＂某人家＂＂店铺＂，所有格后名词省略thedoctor’s,thebarber’s,thetailor’s,myuncle’s2.’s所有格的用法：１表示时间today’snewspaper,fiveweeks’holiday2表示自然现象theearth’satmosphere,thetree’sbranches3表示国家城市等地方的名词thecountry’splan,theworld’spopulation,China’sindustry4表示工作群体theship’screw,majority’sview,theteam’svictory5表示度量衡及价值amile’sjourney,fivedollars’worthofapples6与人类活动有特殊关系的名词thelife’stime,theplay’splot7某些固定词组abird’seyeview,astone’sthrow,atone’swit’send(不知所措)3.of所有格的用法：用于无生命的东西：thelegsofthechair,thecoverofthebook用于有生命的东西，尤其是有较长定语时：theclassroomsofthefirst-yearstudents用于名词化的词：thestruggleoftheoppressed四几个容易误用的名词的单复数：1.单复数相同：sheep,deer,fish,Chinese,Japanese,means,works2.只有复数：cattle,people3.常以复数形式出现：trousers,glasses,thanks,clothes,remains（遗物）,contents,goods,congratulations,means,sports,preparations（准备）,tears,repairs,regards,games（运动会）4.以s结尾的学科或专有名词常作单数：politics,maths,physics,theUnitedStates,TheUnitedNations五、几组易错名词的用法：1.manya+单数名词=many+复数名词2.集合名词：family,team,audience,enemy,public,group,class,government,company,police,party作主语时，若看作一个整体时，谓语动词用单数；若表示组成分子，则用复数。e.g.Thepoliceareondutyatthestreetcorner.Myfamilyis/aregoingtohavealongjourney.3.population:1）作为“人口”的总称或“居民”的总数是不可数名词，谓语用单数。2）问“多少人口”时，不说howmany或howmuch，而用what。3）在谈到“人口比……多”时，常用large，great；“人口少”时，常用small，而不用much，many或little。4）当谈及“有人口”时，习惯上用haveapopulationof…。5）当“百分数/分数+ofthepopulation”作主语时，谓语用复数。6）表示某个地区人口时，其前应有定冠词。7）population不能与people连用。e.g.ThepopulationinChinaisverylarge,and80%ofthepopulationarefarmers.Thecityhasapopulationofthemillion.六、表示“许多”的词组：1.代替many，修饰可数名词的有：agreatnumberof,alargenumberof,agoodnumberof,agreatmany,manya2.代替much，修饰不可数名词的有：agreatdealof3.既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词的有：alotof,lotsof,plentyof,alarge/great/goodquantityof,largequantitiesof48 e.g.Theteachergaveusalargenumberofexamples.七、用定冠词加上姓氏的复数形式，表示其全家人或夫妇两人：theSmiths八、名词的双重所有格的用法：1.只能用于指人的名词afriendofmysister’s2.前一名词必须泛指或有this，that，those，another，some，every，several，such，any，which，what修饰或限制，或前面有数词。九、名词前多个形容词的排列顺序：描绘性+大小/新旧/年龄/温度/形式+颜色/形状+起源/出处+材料/目的分类e.g.aprettylittleAmericangirlanoldstonebridgeasmallroundpinetablethedirtyoldgreencoat十、名词用来作定语，修饰名词：有生命的多用’s或s’的所有格，无生命的多用of短语。一个名词直接做定语修饰另一个名词，往往属于固定的搭配。telephonenumber,schooleducation,airpollution,researchwork,busdriver,coffeecup,sportsmeet,villagepeople十一、表示具有某种特性、状态、特点、情感、情绪的人或事，表示变化了的词义，这一类抽象名词已完全名词化变为可数名词：1.insurprise/asurprise2.withpleasure/apleasure3.havepityonsb./It’sapity.(Whatapity.)4.amanwithexperience/anexperience5.light（光）/alight（灯）6.havedifficultyindoingsth./meetwithmanydifficulties7.failure(success)8.danger（危险）/adanger（危险物）十二、常用名词辨异：1.accident/incident:accident常指不幸的，预料不到的，突发性的意外事件，如灾祸、灾难等；还常与by连用，byaccident偶然类似:comeacross,happentodo,chancetodo,bychancee.g.Hehadmetwithanaccidentontheway.Thisiswhyhewaslateforthemeeting.incident指不重要的小事或引起公众注意的事件；也指事变、战争等。e.g.Myfathertoldmeofanincidentthattookplaceonhisfirstdayatschool.2.affair/business/matteraffair的单数形式作“事情、事件”解，复数形式作“事务、业务”解，用指国内、国际的事务。business作“生意”“行业”，没有复数形式。matter作“事情、东西、问题”解，通常指必须考虑和处理的事情。另外：1）thematter麻烦事2）v.主要用于否定句、疑问句，表示“要紧，有重大关系”3）nomatter…,asamatteroffact4）matter物质3.clothes/cloth/clothing/dressclothes统指衣服，不能与数词连用，但可以说many（afew，those，my）clothes，说“一套衣服”可以表达为“asuitofclothes”，其后的谓语动词用复数形式。cloth指做衣服的衣料，是不可数名词，但用于特殊用途的布，如“台布”“抹布”等是可数名词，复数形式为clothes。clothing指衣服、服装的总称，是集合名词，没有复数形式。一件衣服apieceofclothing/anarticleofclothing，不能说asuitofclothingdress指穿在外面的衣服，尤指在社交场合的衣服，可数名词。4.fun/jokefun和joke都有“开玩笑”的意思，fun是不可数名词，而joke可用做动词，表示“开玩笑”，而fun不能用作动词。48 同某人开玩笑：makefunof,playajoke/jokesonsb.makeajoke/jokesaboutsb./sth.5.emoment(that)…/forthemomentinamoment“一会儿后”，指从现在往后的一段时间，也可指“很短的一段时间内”。afteramoment“一会儿后”，用于过去或将来的某时起往后一段时间。foramoment作一段时间解时，指“很短暂的一整段时间”。atthemoment“当时”“目前”（=atthismoment,then）themomentthat表示“一……就……”forthemoment暂时、目前6.pay/wage/salarypay是不可数名词，是个常用词，可替代其他两个词。salary是可数名词、不可数名词，按月、季或年发给的工资，一般指脑力劳动者的工资。wage（常用复数），一般指体力劳动者的工资，按日或星期来计算的。7.strength/force/energy/powerstrength常指固有的潜在力量，指人时，着重力气。force主要指自然界的力量，如暴力、势力、军事力量等。energy主要指“人的精力、自然界的能量”power主要指做一件事情所依靠的能力。十三、Repeat:1.Ifwehadfollowedhisplan,wecouldhavedonethejobbetterwithlessmoneyandfewerpeople.2.Shortlyaftertheaccident,twodozenpoliceweresenttheretokeeporder.3.Wehaveworkedouttheplanandnowputitintopractice.4.Heisgoingcampingwithtwootherlittleboys.5.We’vemissedthelastbus.I’mafraidwehavenochoicebuttotakeataxi.6.Hegainedhiswealthbyprintingworksoffamouswriters.7.Ifbyanychancesomeonecomestoseeme,askthemtoleaveamessage.8.You’llfindthismapofgreatvalueinhelpingyoutogetroundLondon.练习1.The____oftheroomwerecoveredwith____.A.roofs,leafsB.roofs,leavesC.rooves,leafsD.rooves,leaves2.Therearethree____inourfactory.A.womandoctorsB.womendoctorsC.womandoctorD.womendoctor3.Whichdoyouprefer____or____?A.potatos,tomatosB.potatos,tomatoesC.potatoes,tomatosD.potatoes,tomatoes4.Theyare____ofdifferentpresses(出版社).Nowtheyarehavingameetinginoneofthe____office.A.editor-in-chiefs,editors-in-chief’sB.editors-in-chief,editor-in-chief’sC.editors-in-chiefs,editor’s-in-chief’sD.editors-in-chief,editors-in-chief’s5.Theanthastwo____.A.stomachesB.stomacksC.stomachD.stomachs6.Hedoesn’tlike____forsupper.A.chickB.chickenC.chickensD.chicks7.Itwas____hotweatherthatmanyofuswentswimming.A.soB.suchC.soasD.sucha8.____wonderfulspacetheysawontheroom!A.HowB.HowaC.WhatD.Whata9.Weknow____travelsnotsofastaslight.A.soundB.soundsC.thesoundsD.asound10.Myfamilyraisealotof____,includingtwo____.A.cattle,cowsB.cows,cattleC.cattles,cowsD.cow,cattles11.Anumberofsoldiers____athecampgate（军营门口）.A.havegatheredB.hasgatheredC.isD.was12.TheBrownshavespentalarge____ofmoneyontheirnewcar.A.dealB.amountC.numberD.size13.____workhasbeendonetoimprovethepeople’slivingstandard.A.ManyB.AgreatmanyC.AgreatdealofD.Anumberof48 14.MrLishook____warmlywithafriend.A.handB.ahandC.handsD.thehands15.Two____,please.A.coffeeB.coffeesC.cupofcoffeeD.cupscoffee16.Ican’tpayas____asheaskedfor.A.highpriceaB.highpriceC.ahighpriceD.highaprice17.____knowledgeofspacedevelopsrapidly.A.Man’sB.Men’sC.Mens’D.Person’s18.Istayedat____.A.XiaoWang’sB.Wang’shomeC.theWangsD.homeofWang19.SisterCarrieworksina____factory.A.shoesB.shosesC.shoeD.shoe’s20.Haveyoueverread____?A.todaynewspaperB.newspapertodayC.newspaperoftodayD.today’snewspaper21.Two____walkdidn’tmademetired.A.hourB.hoursC.hour’sD.hours’22.Themotheroverthereis____mother.A.JuliaandMaryB.JuliaandMary’sC.Julia’sandMary’sD.Julia’sandMary23.LiMing’shandwritingisbetterthan____intheclass.A.anyone’sB.anyoneelseC.anyone’selse’sD.anyoneelse’s24.Thechildrenareplaying____onthe____.A.sand,sandB.sands,sandsC.sand,sandsD.sands,sand25.Ifthesetrousersaretoobig,buyasmaller____.A.setB.oneC.copyD.pair26.Tomusuallytakesa____inbusonrainydays.A.walkB.rideC.tripD.travel27.Wehaveno____aboutwhereshehasgone.A.informationB.newsC.messageD.flash28.Foodand____aredailynecessities（需要）forthepeople.A.clothB.clotheC.clothesD.clothing29.My____ofhearingisnotsogoodasitusedtobe.A.strengthB.senseC.powerD.skill30.The____causedbycarelessness____yesterday.Manyworkerswerekilled.A.incident,washappenedB.matter,happenedC.event,wastakenplaceD.accident,tookplace31.Theroomwassoquietthatshecouldhearthe____ofherheart.A.beatingB.waysC.knockingD.striking32.____hasbeentoldnottothrowwastethingsanywhere.A.ThepublicB.PeopleC.WomenD.Man33.Hewasan____inthegovernment____.A.office,officialB.official,officeC.officer,officeD.official,officer34.Thereareseveral____inthisnovelwhoaredifferentin____.A.character,characterB.characters,charactersC.character,charactersD.characters,character35.Wevisitedhim____whenhewasinhospital.A.everyotherdaysB.eachotherdayC.everyotherdayD.everytwoday36.Myfriendwillreturnin____.A.onedayortwoB.adayortwoC.onedayortwoD.aortwodays37.____isalwaysdifficultforme.A.TranslationB.TranslateC.ThetranslationD.Atranslation38.____ofthisnovelisexcellent,quitetomysurprise.A.TranslationB.TranslateC.ThetranslationD.Atranslation39.Thepolice____lookingintothematternow.A.beB.isC.areD.aregoingto40.TheChineseare____braveandhardworkingpeople.A.theB.aC./D.one41.Nonews____goodnews.A.isB.areC.haveD.has42.Mathsstill____verydifficultforme,thoughIhavedonemybest.A.looksB.seemsC.isD.are43.“Where____mytrousers?”theboyasked.A.isB.wasC.wereD.are44.Howhappytheyare!Obviously,theyare____.A.innicespiritsB.innicespiritC.inhighspiritsD.inhighspirit48 45.Isawmany____seatedinthecornerreadingsomething.A.JapaneseB.JapanesesC.ofJapaneseD.ofJapaneses46.Fatherwenttohisdoctorfor____abouthishearttrouble.A.anadviceB.adviceC.advicesD.theadvices47.Weare____andtheyare____.A.Englishmen,GermansB.Englishmen,GermanC.Englishmans,GermansD.Englishmen,Germen48.____aremadeof____.A.Aglass,aglassB.Glasses,glassC.Theglass,theglassD.Glasses,glasses49.I’llhavetobuy____trousers.A.aB.twoC.apairofD.acoupleof50.____isneededincoldcountries.A.AlotofclothesB.MuchclothingC.ManyaclothD.Lotsofclothes 二．冠词冠词分为不定冠词（a,an），定冠词（the），和零冠词。I.不定冠词的用法：1指一类人或事，相当于akindofAplaneisamachinethatcanfly.2第一次提及某人某物，非特指Aboyiswaitingforyou.3表示“每一”相当于every，oneWestudyeighthoursaday.4表示“相同”相当于thesameWearenearlyofanage.5用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事AMr.SmithcametovisityouwhenyouwereoutThatboyisratheraLeiFeng.6用于固定词组中Acoupleof,abit,onceuponatime,inahurry,haveawalk,manyatime7用于quite,rather,many,half,what,such之后Thisroomisratherabigone.8用于so(as,too,how)+形容词之后Sheisascleveragirlasyoucanwishtomeet.a与one的对比1.尽管a和one这两个在意义上有些相似，但它们几乎不能互换使用。2.在连续记数时，习惯上，用one而不用a。3.在名词前使用one往往表示数量上的对比。4.用在某些固定词组中。e.g.allofasudden（突然），asamatteroffact（事实上），inahurry，inaword，dosb.afavour，payavisitto，ahandof（少量的），alengthof（一根、一段），avarietyof（种种），adepthof（深度为），anarticleof（一件），atotalof（总共），anaverageof（平均），onebyone，oneafteranother，oneday用在某些物质名词前，该物质名词便具体化了。acoffee,aheavyrain5.用在某些抽象名词前，该抽象名词前便具体化了。Hehasaknowledgeofchemistry.Theget-togetherwasagreatsuccess.6.用在专有名词前，表示类似的一个或某一个。HeisaKongFansen.AMrsSmithwishestospeaktoyou.7.表示“同一个”的意思。Thetwoboysareofanage.Theseumbrellasareofa(=thesame)colourandsize.8.不定冠词的特殊位置：how/so/as/too+形容词+不定冠词+名词sokindaman=suchakindmantoodifficultabookII.定冠词的用法：1表示某一类人或物Thehorseisausefulanimal.2用于世上独一无二的事物名词前theuniverse,themoon,thePacificOcean3表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事Wouldyoumindopeningthedoor?4用于乐器前面playtheviolin,playtheguitar5用于形容词和分词前表示一类人thereach,theliving,thewounded48 6表示“一家人”或“夫妇”theGreens,theWangs7用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前Heisthetallerofthetwochildren.8用于国家党派等以及江河湖海，山川群岛的名词前theUnitedStates,theCommunistPartyofChina,theFrench9用于表示发明物的单数名词前ThecompasswasinventedinChina.10在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个年代inthe1990’s11用于表示单位的名词前Ihiredthecarbythehour.12用于方位名词，身体部位名词，及表示时间的词组前Hepattedmeontheshoulder.III.零冠词的用法：1专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名地名等名词前BeijingUniversity,Jack,China,love,air2名词前有this,my,whose,some,no,each,every等限制Iwantthisbook,notthatone./Whosepurseisthis?3季节，月份，星期，节假日，一日三餐前March,Sunday,NationalDay,spring4表示职位，身份，头衔的名词前LincolnwasmadePresidentofAmerica.5学科，语言，球类，棋类名词前Helikesplayingfootball/chess.6与by连用表示交通工具的名词前bytrain,byair,byland7以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时husbandandwife,knifeandfork,dayandnight8表示泛指的复数名词前Horsesareusefulanimals.在turn，go（变成、成为）变成后面的名词做短语时，名词前不加冠词。但become后面的名词前一定要加冠词。9在一个以“普通名词+as”所引导的让步状语从句中，该普通名词前不加冠词。固定搭配。indebt，ingood(bad)health，ingoodcondition，ingreatdemand，ingreatneedof，intimeofdanger，inoffice（就职），inhonourof，introuble(difficulty)，infavourof，withanger，ingeneral，insize，incharacter（在性格上），insight，in(outof)order，onbusiness，onholiday，onleave，onwatch，onfire，heartandsoul，knifeandfork，atsea，husbandandwife，brotherandsister，frommorningtillnight，onhorseback五、特殊情况1.部分词组中有冠词和没有冠词其含义不同。一般说来，名词前无冠词，则表示抽象意义；名词前有冠词，则表示具体意义。outofproblem（不成问题），outoftheproblem（不可能），takeplace，taketheplaceof，inhospital，inthehospital，attable，atthetable，infrontof，inthefrontof，threeofus，thethreeofus，onearth，ontheearth，ofage（成年），ofanage（同岁数），losecolour（脸色苍白），losethecolour（褪色），2.有些词组中用定冠词the还是不定冠词a，意义不同。anumberofthenumberof3.注意当单数可数名词被so、as、how、too等词修饰时，冠词的位置要放在形容词后面。比较such。练习：做一轮配套练习三．代词：I.代词可以分为以下七大类：1人称代词主格I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they宾格me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them2物主代词形容词性my,your,his,her,its,our,their名词性mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,theirs3反身代词myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves4指示代词this,that,these,those,such,some5疑问代词who,whom,whose,which,what,whoever,whichever,whatever6关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose,as7不定代词one/some/any,each/every,none/no,many/much,few/little/afew/alittle,other/another,all/both,neither/either一、it的用法：1.代替指示代词this或that2.用作人称代词3.表示时间、天气、距离等48 4.引导词，在句中充当形式主语或形式宾语1)Itseemsthat…≯Sb.seemstodo/tobedoing/tohavedone2)Itappearsthat…≯Sb.appearstodo/tobedoing/tohavedone3)Ithappensthat…≯Sb.happenstodo/tobedoing/tohavedone4)Itisnouse/useless/nogooddoingsth.5)Itissaid/reported/believedthat…6)Ithasbeenprovedthat…事实证明……7)Itis+adj.+forsb./ofsb.todosth.8)Itisapitythat…9)Itiscertainthat…10)Itistime(that)…（虚拟语气）11)Itisnecessarythat…（虚拟语气）12)Sb.+v.+it+n./adj.+todosth./doingsth./that…feelitanhonourtodo…makeitcleartosb.todofinditnousedoing13)Itis/was+被强调的部分+that/who…14)Itwas(not)/will(not)long(hours)before…15)Itisnotuntil…that…≯Notuntil…16)Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.二、反身代词：cometooneself（苏醒）/benotoneself（身体不舒服）congratulateoneselfon（暗自庆幸）enjoyoneselfexpressoneself（表达）devoteoneselfto（致力于）dressoneself（穿衣）findoneself（发觉自己在）helponeselfto（随便吃）hideoneself（躲藏）keepsth.tooneself（保守秘密）makeoneselfathome（不要拘束，就像在自己家里一样）makeoneself+p.p.seatoneself三、替代词so的用法：1.SodoI.后者与前者相同，两个不同的主语。2.SoIdo.重复前面的内容，同一个主语。3.Idoso.指代前面的内容。4.Soitiswith…如果前面是两个或两个以上的句子，而且里面包含不同的人称、数或时态等时，so可以替代从句中的that宾语从句下面的动词，多用此种替代方法。5.常用结构：I’mafraidso.≯I’mafraidnot.Ithinkso.≯Idon’tthinkso.Ibelieveso.≯Ibelievenot.Ihopeso.≯Ihopenot.Isuppose/fear/imagineso.≯Isuppose/fear/imaginenot.Ihavebeentoldso.四、such与so的不同用法：1.such置于冠词之前，但常用在some/any/every/many/all/no之后。suchaninterestingbook≯sointerestingabooknosuchthing/onesuchanimal48 2.such+adj.+不可数名词/名词的复数形式3.somany/few/much/little+可数/不可数名词somanypeople/solittlemoney/suchalittlegirl4.such用于特殊结构Suchisourstudyplan.5.sothat（目的/结果）≯incase（没有suchthat）such…as…II.不定代词用法注意点：1.one,some与any:1)one可以泛指任何人，也可特指，复数为ones。some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑问句和否定句。Oneshouldlearntothinkofothers.Haveyouanybookmarks?No,Idon’thaveanybookmarks.Ihavesomequestionstoask.2)some可用于疑问句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答复，或者表示建议，请求等。Wouldyoulikesomebananas?Couldyougivemesomemoney?3)some和any修饰可数名词单数时，some表示某个，any表示任何一个。Ihavereadthisarticleinsomemagazine.Pleasecorrectthemistakes,ifany.4)some和数词连用表示“大约”，any可与比较级连用表示程度。Therearesome3,000studentsinthisschool.Doyoufeelanybettertoday?2.each和every:each强调个别，代表的数可以是两个或两个以上，而every强调整体，所指的数必须是三个或三个以上。Eachstudenthasapocketdictionary./Each(ofus)hasadictionary./Weeachhaveadictionary.Everystudenthasstrongandweakpoints./Everyoneofushasstrongandweakpoints.3.none和no：no等于notany，作定语。none作主语或宾语，代替不可数名词，谓语用单数，代替可数名词，谓语单复数皆可以。Thereisnowaterinthebottle.Howmuchwateristhereinthebottle?None.Noneofthestudentsare(is)afraidofdifficulties.4.other和another:1)other泛指“另外的，别的”常与其他词连用，如：theotherday,everyotherweek,someotherreason,nootherway,theother特指两者中的另外一个，复数为theothers。如：Heheldabookinonehandandhisnotesintheother.Twostudentsinourclassfailed,butalltheotherspassedtheexam.2)another指“又一个，另一个”无所指，复数形式是others，泛指“别的人或事”如：Idon’tlikethisshirt,pleaseshowmeanother(one).Thetrousersaretoolong,pleasegivemeanotherpair/someothers.Somelikefootball,whileotherslikebasketball.补充：常用代词辨异：1.one,ones,that,those,it◆one与ones可以用来代替前面提到过的可数名词，one指单数，ones指复数。▲①one与ones既可指人也可指物，ones不可单独使用，也不可用those，these直接修饰，但可用the修饰，或these+adj.+ones。▲②one可代替可数名词为中心的整个名词词组，而ones不能。▲③one不能加不定冠词，除非中间有形容词。▲④one可单独使用，作“任何人”解。◆that与those，that代替前面提到过的不可数名词，those代替前面提到过的复数名词。That，those后面跟定语从句时，关系代词不能用that。◆one和it都可以用来代替前面出现过的单数名词。one代替这类东西的任何一个，it代替前面所指的特定的东西。2.noone,none①noone=nobody，只指人，不指物，谓语动词用单数。②noone没有固定范围，故其后不接of短语。none可接of短语。48 Noone，nobody用于简略回答时，不能用来对“Howmany”或“Howmuch”做否定回答。e.g.Isthereanyonewhocandotheexperiment?Noone.③none表示三个或三个以上的人或事物中“没有一个”或“任何一个都不”。表示不可数名词时，谓语用单数；表示可数名词时，单复数均可。④none常用来对“Howmany”或“Howmuch”做否定回答，也可对any+of短语构成的一般疑问句做否定回答。而noone用来回答“Who”引导的特殊疑问句。3.both,either,neither◆both两者都，作主语时谓语动词用复数。作形容词时，可直接修饰名词，如有定冠词the，物主代词或指示代词修饰名词，需置both之后。both指两个人或物，不可与单数名词或不可数不清名词搭配，只与复数名词搭配。◆either两者中的任何一个，跟谓语动词的单数。作形容词用，只能和单数可数名词连用，作案不定代词时，可单独使用，也可跟of短语。◆neither两者中无任何一个，用法同either。六、Repeat:1.Kateandhersisterwentonholidaywithacousinoftheirs.2.TherearesomanykindsofbooksonsalethatIcan’tmakeupmymindwhichtobuy.3.Tom’smotherkepttellinghimthatheshouldworkharder,butitdidn’thelp.4.Iwasdisappointedwiththefilm.Ihadexpressedittobemuchbetter.5.Theywereallverytired,butnoneofthemwouldstoptotakearest.6.Ihopethereareenoughglassesforeachguesttohaveone.7.Ihateitwhenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.练习：做配套练习四．形容词和副词I.形容词：1.形容词的位置：1)形容词作定语通常前置，但在下列情况后置：1修饰some,any,every,no和body,thing,one等构成的复合不定代词时nobodyabsent,everythingpossible2以-able,-ible结尾的形容词可置于有最高级或only修饰的名词之后thebestbookavailable,theonlysolutionpossible3alive,alike,awake,aware,asleep等可以后置theonlypersonawake4和空间、时间、单位连用时abridge50meterslong5成对的形容词可以后置ahugeroomsimpleandbeautiful6形容词短语一般后置amandifficulttogetonwith2)多个形容词修饰同一个名词的顺序：3)复合形容词的构成：1形容词+名词+edkind-hearted6名词+形容词world-famous2形容词+形容词dark-blue7名词+现在分词peace-loving3形容词+现在分词ordinary-looking8名词+过去分词snow-covered4副词+现在分词hard-working9数词+名词+edthree-egged5副词+过去分词newly-built10数词+名词twenty-yearII.副词副词的分类：1时间副词soon,now,early,finally,once,recently5频度副词always,often,frequently,seldom,never2地点副词here,nearby,outside,upwards,above6疑问副词how,where,when,why3方式副词hard,well,fast,slowly,excitedly,really7连接副词how,when,where,why,whether,however,meanwhile4程度副词almost,nearly,very,fairly,quite,rather8关系副词when,where,whyIII.形容词和副词比较等级：比较形容词和副词1.形容词＋ly,有时会构成意义完全不同的副词48 hard(困难的)—hardly（几乎不）　　dead(死的)—deadly(致命的)late(晚的)—lately(最近)　　　　fair(公平的)—fairly(相当)２．注意：有些副词有两种形式，一个与形容词同形，一个以ly结尾，但它们的含义是不同的．例如：l)close接近地closely仔细地，密切地2)free免费地freely自由地，无拘束地3)hard努力地hardly几乎不4)late晚，迟lately近来5)most极，非常mostly主要地6)wide广阔地，充分地widely广泛地7)high高highly高度地，非常地8)deep深，迟deeply抽象意义的“深”9)loud大声地loudly大声地(含有喧闹的意思)10)near邻近nearly几乎３.以-ly结尾的形容词：lively、lonely、lovely、deadly、friendly、ugly、silly、likely、brotherly、manly、timely等。eg.（×）Hespoketomeveryfriendly.（∨）Hespoketomeinaveryfriendlyway.四：比较级和最高级1.构成：大部分双音节词、加后缀构成的词（如slowly,useful）、源于分词的形容词（如tired）、所有的多音节词，加more构成比较级，加themost构成最高级，副词的最高级可省去the.请注意：作表语的形容词最高级前，如果不是和别人、他物相比，常不加the.eg.WearebusiestonMonday.2．修饰比较级、最高级的程度词1)even/still/rather/much/far/alot/agreatdeal/alittle/abit＋比较级Weareworkingstillhardernow.现在我们工作更加努力。2)数词+名词＋比较级eg.Heistwoinchestallerthanhisfather.他比他爸爸高两英寸。(或说Heistallerthanhisfatherbytwoinches.)Shecouldnottakeastepfurther.她一步也不能走了。3)比较级＋byfar,在前面，应在二者中间加“the”．如:Heistallerbyfarthanhisbrother.Heisbyfarthetallerofthetwobrothers.4)thesecond/third＋最高级byfar3.无比较级和最高级的形容词有些形容词本身含义无程度差别,因此没有比较级和最高级．常见的有：right,wrong,perfect,possible,impossible,mistaken,dead,favourite等。这些词不能被程度副词修饰，但可以被quite(完全地)，completely等修饰。eg.quiteright/impossible，　completelydead.4.和冠词连用　　the＋形容词原级＋v(复)，指一类人或物　　the＋　形容词比较级，指两者中“较…的”的那一个，eg.theyoungerofthetwoa/an＋形容词比较级eg.Thepenisexpensive.Iwantacheaperone.(a)＋most＋形容词最高级　“非常…”　eg.amostbeautifulcity5.相关结构1)原级比较：肯定句as….as….,否定句notso/as….as…..2)比较句：比较级＋than….或more(less)….than…..Thefurnitureinthisshopislessbeautifulthanthatinthatshop.(注意代词that的用法)3)比较级＋and＋比较级或moreandmore＋比较级“越来越…”richerandricher,moreandmoreinteresting4)Themore…..,themore…..“越…，越…”Themoreyoulookatthepicture,thebetteryouwilllikeit.5)比较级＋thananyother＋n.（单）（适用于范围一致时）(all)other＋n.（复）any＋n.(单)（适用于范围不一致时）Heistallerthananyotherstudent/allotherstudentsinhisclass.anystudentinmyclass.形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级，比较级和最高级。比较级和最高级的构成一般是在形容词和副词后加-er和-est，多音节和一些双音节词前加more和most。1.同级比较时常常用as…as…以及notso(as)…as…如：Iamnotsogoodaplayerasyouare.48 2.可以修饰比较级的词有：much,many,alot,even,far,abit,alittle,still,yet,byfar,any,agreatdeal。3.表示一方随另一方变化时用“themore…themore…”句型。如：Theharderyouwork,themoreprogressyouwillmake.4.用比较级来表达最高级的意思。如：Ihaveneverspentamoreworryingday.5.表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型：Ourschoolisthreetimeslargerthanyours./Ourschoolisfourtimesaslargeasyours./Ourschoolisfourtimesthesizeofyours.6.表示“最高程度“的形容词没有最高级和比较级。如：favourite,excellent,extreme,perfect。形容词，副词高考题选：1.Johnhasthreesisters.Maryisthe___ofthethree.(MET88)　　A.mostcleverest　　B.moreclever　　C.cleverest　　D.cleverer2.Thestudentsare___youngpeoplebetweentheageofsixteenandtwenty.(MET88)　　A.most　　B.almost　　C.mostly　　D.atmost3.Shetoldus___storythatweallforgotaboutthetime.(MET88)　　A.suchaninteresting　　B.suchinterestinga　　C.soaninteresting　　D.asointeresting4.Itisimpossibleforso___workerstodoso___workinasingleday.(MET88)　　A.few,much　　B.few,many　　C.little,much　　D.little,many5.Thehorseisgettingoldandcan"trun___itdid.(MET88)　　A.asfasteras　　B.sofastthan　　C.sofastas　　D.asfastas6.Thestorysounds___.(MET89)　　A.tobetrue　　B.astrue　　C.beingtrue　　D.true7.I"dbeenexpecting___lettersthewholemorning,butthereweren"t___forme.(MET89)　　A.some;any　　B.many;afew　　C.some;one　　D.afew;none8.Thisyeartheyhaveproduced___grain___theydidlastyear.(MET89)　　A.asless;as　　B.asfew;as　　C.less;than　　D.fewer;than9.Afterthenewtechniquewasintroduced,thefactoryproduced___tractorsin1988astheyearbefore.　　A.astwicemany　　B.asmanytwice　　C.twiceasmany　　D.twicemanyas10.Thepianosintheothershopwillbe,but______.(MET90)A.cheaper;notasbetter　B.morecheaper;notasbetterC.cheaper;notasgoodD.morecheap;notasgood11.---CanIhelpyou?　---Well,I"mafraidtheboxis___heavyforyou,butthankyouallthesame.(MET90)　　A.so　　B.much　　C.very　　D.too13.Ifwehadfollowedhisplan,wecouldhavedonethejobbetterwith___moneyand___people.(MET90)　　A.less;less　　B.fewer;fewer　　C.less;fewer　　D.fewer;less14.Oh,John.___yougaveme!(MET90)　A.HowapleasantsurpriseB.HowpleasantsurpriseC.Whatapleasantsurprise　D.Whatpleasantsurprise15.---Howdidyoufindyourvisittomuseum?　---Ithoroughlyenjoyedit.Itwas___thanIexpected.(MET91)　　A.farmoreinteresting　　B.evenmuchinterestingC.somoreinteresting　　D.alotmuchinteresting16.Canadaislargerthan___countryinAsia.(NMET91)　　A.any　　B.anyother　　C.other　　D.another17.Thoseorangestaste___.(MET91)　A.good　　B.well　　C.tobegood　　D.tobewell18.Theexperimentwas___easierthanwehadexpected.(NMET91)A.more　B.muchmore　　C.much　　D.moremuch19.___foodyou"vecooked!(NMET91)A.HowaniceB.Whatanice　C.Hownice　　D.Whatnice20.Goandgetyourcoat.It"s___youleftit.(MET92)A.there　B.whereC.therewhere　D.wherethere21.Johnwassosleepythathecouldhardlykeephiseyes___.(MET92)A.openB.tobeopenedC.toopen　　D.opening22.---Areyoufeeling___?　　　---Yes,I"mfinenow.(NMET92)　　A.anywell　　B.anybetter　　C.quitegood　　D.quitebetter23.Whichis___country,CanadaorAustralia?(MET92)　A.alarge　B.larger　C.alarger　D.thelarger24.---WillyougivethismessagetoMr.White,please?　　　---Sorry,Ican"t.He___.(MET92)　　A.doesn"tanymoreworkhere　　B.doesn"tanylongerherework　　C.doesn"tworkanymorehere　　D.doesn"tworkhereanylonger26.___terribleweatherwe"vebeenhavingthesedays!(MET92)A.Howa　B.WhataC.How　D.What27.Ittakesalongtimetogotherebytrain.It"s___byroad.　　(MET93)48 　　A.quick　　B.thequickest　　C.muchquick　　D.quicker28.___fromBeijingtoLondon!(MET93)　　A.Howlongwayitis　　B.Whatalongwayisit　C.Howlongwayisit　D.Whatalongwayitis29.Shedoesn"tspeak___herfriends,butherwrittenworkisexcellent.(MET93)　　A.aswellas　　B.asoftenas　　C.somuchas　　D.asgoodas30.---Mum,IthinkI"m___togetbacktoschool.　---Notreally,Mydear.You"dbetterstayathomeforanotherdayortwo.(NMET93)　　A.sowell　　B.sogood　　C.wellenough　　D.goodenough31.---Ifyoudon"tliketheredcoat,taketheblueone.　　　---OK,butdoyouhavesize___inblue?Thisone"sabittightforme.(NMET93)　　A.abig　　B.abigger　　C.thebig　　D.thebigger32.Johnplaysfootbal___,ifnotbetterthan,Davi.(NMET94)　　A.aswell　　B.aswellas　　C.sowell　　D.sowellas33.Weallwrite___,evenwhenthere"snetmuchtosay.(NMET94)　　A.nowandthen　　B.byandby　　C.stepbystep　　D.moreorless35.Iftherewerenoexaminations,weshouldhave___atschool.(NMET94)　A.thehappiesttime　B.amorehappiertime　C.muchhappiesttime　　D.amuchhappiertime36.---Haveyoufinishedyourreportyet?　　　---No,I"llfinishin___tenminutes.(NMET95)　　A.another　　B.other　　C.more　　D.less37.---I"dlike___informationaboutthemanagementofyourhotel,please.　　　---Well,youcouldhave___wordwiththemanager.Hemightbehelpful.(NMET95)　　A.some;a　　B.an;some　　C.some;some　　D.an;a38.Ifweworkwithastrongwill,wecanovercomeanydifficulty,___greatitis.(NMET95)　　A.what　　B.how　　C.however　　D.whatever39.Wedecidednottoclimbthemountainsbecauseitwasraining____.(NMET96)　　A.badly　　B.hardly　　C.strongly　　D.heavily40.Howbeautifullyshesings!Ihaveneverheard___.(NMET96)　　A.thebettervoice　　B.agoodvoice　　C.thebestvoice　　D.abettervoice41.Tonyisgoingcampingwith___boys.(NMET93)　　A.littletwoother　　B.twolittleother　　C.twootherlittle　　D.littleothertwo42.---HowwasyourrecentvisittoQingdao?(NMET95)　　---Itwasgreat.Wevisitedsomefriends,andspent___thedaysattheseaside.　　A.fewlastsunny　　B.lastfewsunny　　C.lastsunnyfew　　D.fewsunnylast44.Waittillyouaremore___.It"sbettertobesurethansorry.(NMET97)　　A.inspired　　B.satisfied　　C.calm　　D.certain45.ProfessorWhitehaswrittensomeshortstories,butheis___knownforhisplays.(NMET98)　　A.thebest　　B.more　　C.better　　D.themost46.___totakethisadventurecoursewillcertainlylearnalotofusefulskills.(NMET2000)A.Braveenoughstudents　B.EnoughbravestudentsC.Studentsbraveenough　D.Studentsenoughbrave49.Itisgenerallybelievedthatteachingis___itisascience.(NMET2001)　　A.anartmuchas　　B.muchanartas　　C.asanartmuchas　　D.asmuchanartas50.---I"mvery___withmyowncooking.Itlooksniceandsmellsdelicious.　　---Mm,itdoeshavea___smell.(2002春招)　　A.pleasant;pleased　　B.pleased;pleased　C.pleasant;pleasant　　D.pleased;pleasant51.Borishasbrains.Infact,Idoubtwhetheranyoneintheclasshas___IQ.　　A.ahigh　　B.ahigher　　C.thehigher　　D.thehighest五．动词I.动词的时态：1.动词的时态一共有16种，以ask为例，将其各种时态的构成形式列表如下：48 现在时过去时将来时过去将来时一般ask/asksaskedshall/willaskshould/wouldask进行am/is/areaskingwas/wereaskingshall/willbeaskingshould/wouldbeasking完成have/hasaskedhadaskedshall/willhaveaskedshould/wouldhaveasked完成进行have/hasbeenaskinghadbeenaskingshall/willhavebeenaskingshould/wouldhavebeenasking2.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：1)现在完成时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状况，但和现在有联系，强调的是对现在造成的影响或结果，它不能同表示过去的时间状语连用，汉译英时可加“已经”等词。简言之，利用过去，说明现在。如：Ihavealreadyreadthenovelwrittenbytheworld-famouswriter.(已经看过，且了解这本书的内容)2)一般过去时只表示过去发生的动作或状态，和现在无关，它可和表示过去的时间状语连用，汉译英时可加“过”，“了”等词。简言之，仅谈过去，不关现在。如：Ireadthenovellastmonth.(只说明上个月看了，不涉及现在是否记住)IlivedinBeijingfortenyears.（只说明在北京住过十年，与现在无关）3.现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别：两者都可以表示“从过去开始一直持续到现在”，在含义上如着重表示动作的结果时，多用现在完成时，如着重表示动作一直在进行，即动作的延续性时，则多用现在完成进行时。一般不能用于进行时的动词也不能用于现在完成进行时。Ihavereadthatbook.我读过那本书了。Ihavebeenreadingthatbookallthemorning.我早上一直在读那本书。4.一般将来时的表达方式：将来时用法例句1will/shall+动词原形表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态Mysisterwillbetennextyear.2begoingto+动词原形含有“打算，计划，即将”做某事，或表示很有可能要发生某事It’sgoingtoclearup.We’regoingtohaveapartytonight.3be+doing进行时表示将来go,come,start,move,leave,arrive等词可用进行时表示按计划即将发生的动作Heismovingtothesouth.AretheyleavingforEurope?4beaboutto+动词原形表示安排或计划中的马上就要发生的动作，后面一般不跟时间状语Iwasabouttoleavewhenthebellrang.Themeetingisabouttoclose.5beto+动词原形表示按计划进行或征求对方意见We’retomeetattheschoolgateatnoon.6一般现在时表示将来时刻表上或日程安排上早就定好的事情，可用一般现在时表示将来Themeetingstartsatfiveo’clock.Theplaneleavesattenthisevening.某些固定句型中时态是固定的：1.This/That/Itisthefirsttime+从句（用现在完成时）2.It’s/hasbeen+一段时间+since从句（用过去时）3.Hardly/Nosoonerhadsb.donewhen/than+从句（用过去时）4.Itwillbe+一段时间+before从句（用一般现在时）/Itwas+一段时间+before从句（用过去时）5.It’stime+从句（用过去时或shoulddo）6.wouldrather+从句（用一般过去时/过去完成时）It’sgettinglate.I’dratheryoutookataxithere.Thefilmwasboring.I’dratherIhadn’tgonetoseeit.II.动词的被动语态：常用被动语态构成常用被动语态构成1一般现在时am/is/areasked6过去进行时was/werebeingasked2一般过去时was/wereasked7现在完成时have/hasbeenasked3一般将来时shall/willbeasked8过去完成时hadbeenasked4过去将来时should/wouldbeasked9将来完成时will/wouldhavebeenasked5现在进行时am/is/arebeingasked10含有情态动词的can/must/maybeasked注意被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后加not，短语动词的被动态不可漏掉其中介副词。固定结构begoingto,usedto,haveto,hadbetter变为被动态时，只需将其后的动词变为被动态。如：Treesshouldnotbeplantedinsummer./Theboywasmadefunofbyhisclassmates.Newspapersusedtobesentherebythelittlegirl.48 事项汉语有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构表示。如：Itisbelievedthat…Itisgenerallyconsideredthat…Itissaidthat…Itiswellknownthat…Itmustbepointedoutthat…Itissupposedthat…Itisreportedthat…Itmustbeadmittedthat…Itishopedthat…下面主动形式常表示被动意义：如：Thewindowwants/needs/requiresrepairing.Thebookisworthreadingtwice.Thedoorwon’tshut./Theplaywon’tact.Theclotheswasheswell./Thebooksellswell.Thedishtastesdelicious./Waterfeelsverycold.下面词或短语没有被动态：leave,enter,reach,become,benefit,cost,equal,contain,last,lack,fit,fail,have,appear,happen,occur,belongto,takeplace,breakout,comeabout,agreewith,keepupwith,consistof,haveon,loseheart等等1.动词sell,write,read,open,lock,shut,wear,wash,keep,cook,cut,burn,run等与well,smoothly,easily等连用时，说明主语内在的“性能”“特点”，用主动代替被动；2.表示状态特征的连系动词如smell,taste,feel,sound,look,prove等用主动语态表示被动意义；3.不及物动词及一些固定短语不能用被动语态：comeup,runout（用完）,giveout（耗尽）,goout（熄灭）,comeout（出版）,cometolight,belongto,breakout,loseheart,dieout,own,have,possess,happen,occur等；4.当want,require,need作“需要”解，后接doing/tobedone作宾语，此时动词do与主语为动宾关系；5.beworth后接doing作宾语，用主动形式表示被动意义；6.不定式toblame（该受责备）表示被动意义；Whoistoblame?7.在“主语+be+形容词（forsb.）+todo”结构中，todo用主动形式；8.在“主语+谓语+宾语（名词）+动词不定式todo（作定语修饰前面的名词，且为动宾关系；主语与todo为主谓关系时，此动词不定式用主动形式；如：Ihaveameetingtoattend.练习一：动词时态与语态（1）1.WhenIsawMary,she______onthepiano.A.isplayingB.playsC.wasplayingD.played2.She______thedoorbeforeshegoesaway.A.hadlockedB.islockingC.haslocked.D.waslocking.3.Ahunterisamanwho______animals.A.catchB.catchesC.willcatchD.wascatching4.What_____ifIdrinkthis?A.happensB.ishappeningC.willhappenD.ishappened5.IwillvisityouifFather______me.A.letB.letsC.islettingD.willlet6.Lookout!Thattree_____falldown.A.isgoingtoB.willbeC.shallD.would7.Myuncle_____toseeme.He"llbeheresoon.A.comesB.iscomingC.hadcomeD.came8.Theycan"tleaveuntilthey_____theirwork.A.didB.aredoingC.havedoneD.hasdone9."Hasheseenthisfilm?""Yes.He______itseveraldaysago."A.sawB.hasseenC.hadseenD.wasseeing10.NowMikeisn"there.He______MrGreen"s.Perhapshe______backinafewminutes.A.wentto;iscomingB.hasgoneto;willcomeC.hasbeento;willbeD.isgoingto;hascome11.Thatdayhe._______hisclothesbeforehecametoseeme.A.haswashedB.washedC.hadbeenwashingD.waswashed12.Ihaven"tfinishedmycomposition.I______fortwohoursandahalf.A.havewrittenitB.havebeenwritingitC.wroteitD.amwrittingit13.IwilltakemydaughterwithmewhenI_____ShangHai,A.gotoB.willgotoC.havebeentoD.havegoneto14.Thisbrightgirl______thetruthinfrontoftheenemy.A.didn"tsayB.couldn"tspeaktoC.saidD.didn"ttell15.Thebridgewhich______lastyearlooksreallybeautiful.A.wasbuiltB.builtC.wassetupD.hadbeenbuilt16."When______schoolbegin?""NextMonday."A.hasB.doesC.didD.isgoingto17.Iwill______heretillyougivemesomemoney.A.leaveB.notleaveC.comeD.return18.I_____heresinceImovedhere.A.willworkB.workedC.workD.havebeenworking19.EverytimeI_____there,Iwillbuyhimsomethingnice.A.wentB.willgoC.goD.havegone48 20.Itwassaidthathisfather______.A.hasdiedB.died.C.hasbeendeadD.haddied21.Wewon"tgounlessyou______soon.A.hadcomeB.cameC.willcomeD.come22._____sixyearssinceIbeganstudyingEnglish.A.TheyhavebeenB.itisC.ItwasD.Thereare23.They______theSummerPalacethreetimes.A.havegonetoB.havebeentoC.havebeeninD.havegoneinto24."Howlonghaven"tweseeneachother?""Well,it_____nearlytwoyearssincewe______last."A.is/havemetB.was/hadmetC.is/metD.hasbeen/hadmet25."Haveyouseentheartexhibition?""No,_____there."A.itwasnotbeingheldB.theydidn"tholdC.ithadnotheldD.theywereholdingit26.Don"tgetoffthebusuntilit______.A.stopB.willstopC.stoppedD.hasstopped27."Where______therecorder?Ican"tseeitanywhere.""I_____itrighthere.Butnowit"sgone."A.didyouput/haveputB.haveyouput/putC.hadyouput/wasputtingD.wereyouputting/haveput28.Theyaskedmetohaveadrinkwiththem.Isaidthatitwas10yearssinceI______agooddrink.A.hadenjoyedB.wasenjoyingC.enjoyedD.hadbeenenjoying29.Don"tcometonight.Iwouldratheryou_____tomorrow.A.comeB.cameC.willcomeD.coming30.______you______?A.Do/marryB.Have/marriedC.Have/beenmarriedD.Are/married31.Whenhe______allthenewspapers,he"llgohome.A.sellsB.hassoldC.willhavesoldD.willbesold32."Thiscloth_____welland_____long.""Ok.I"lltakeit."A.washes/lastsB.iswashed/lastedC.washes/islastedD.iswashing/lasting33."Hurryup,you______onthephone.""Oh,I"mcoming.Thankyou."A.arewantedB.arebeingwantedC.wantD.arewanting34.I______seeyou,butIdidn"t,forIhadnotime.A.hadwantedtoB.haswantedtoC.wantedD.waswanted35.I______inGuangZhouforsixyearsbythisOctober.A.havelivedB.waslivingC.willbelivingD.shallhavelived36.Bythistimenextyearhe______fromthecollege.A.willbegraduatingB.shouldbegraduatingC.willhavegraduatedD.isgraduating37.Ourteachertoldusthattheearth_____fromwesttoeast.A.turnsB.turnC.hasturnedD.hadturned38.Mybrother_____whilehe_____hisbicycleandhurthimself.A.fell/wasridingB.fell/wereridingC.hadfallen/rodeD.hadfallen/wasriding39.Billsaidhe____twenty-onethenextyear.A.wasgoingtobeB.wasabouttobeC.couldbeD.wastobe40.Itishightimeyou_____inbednow.A.areB.wereC.willbeD.wouldbe41.Afterawhileanagreement_____.A.wasarrivedatB.wasarrivedinC.wasarrivedD.hasbeenarrived42.TheairlinerfromBeijing_____at3:00p.m.A.isabouttoarriveB.hasarrivedC.arrivesD.isgoingtoarrive43.______,thatstepisnotsafe!A.LookaroundB.LookupC.LookoutD.Lookdown44."Haveyou_____himtogiveupsmoking?""No.I_____,buthewouldn"tlisten."A.persuaded/triedB.tried/persuadedC.tried/triedD.persuaded/persuaded45.Theresearchlaboratoryisgoingto______thenewtypeofcomputertouse.A.takeB.makeC.putD.send46.Idon"tknowwhenhe______,butwhenhe______,I"llletyouknow.A.willcome/comesB.comes/willcomeC.comes/comesD.willcome/willcome47.Howmuchdoyouthinkthatvase_____?A.iscostB.usedC.waspaidforD.cost48.I_____thathewouldbeabletoleavetomorrow,butit"sbeginningtolookdiffcult.A.hopeB.hadhopedC.hopedD.amhoping49.“Comeon,Peter,Iwanttoshowyousomething.”“Oh,howniceofyou,I_____you_____tobringmeagift.”A.neverthink/aregoingB.neverthought/weregoingC.didn’tthink/aregoingD.hadn’tthought/weregoing48 50.It’saniceflat,butit_____aproperbathroom.A.haven’tgotB.hasn’tgotC.wouldn’tgetD.doesn’thavegot51.Shehadashockwhensheheardthenews,_____?A.hadn’tsheB.didn’tsheC.wouldn’tsheD.won’tshe52.Thisliquid_____thesaltatroomtemperature.A.becamemixedwithB.wasmixedbyC.mixeswithD.hasbeenmixingby练习二、动词时态与语态（2）53.Anexhibitionofpaintings____atthemuseumnextweek.A.aretobeheldB.istobeheldC.areholdingD.willhold54.I"msorry,sir.Yourrecorderisn"treadyyet.It_____inthefactory.A.isbeingrepairedB.isrepairedC.hasbeenrepairedD.hasn"trepaired55.Everypossiblemeans,butnoneprovesuccessful.A.hastriedB.hasbeentriedC.isbeingtriedD.tried56._______thattheycanpassthewrittenexamthistime.A.ThatishopedB.ItishopedC.ThathopesD.Ithopes57.Mylittlesisterhasbrokenmywatch.----Mywatch_____bymylittlesister.A.isbrokenB.hasbrokenC.havebeenbrokenD.hasbeenbroken58.HewascleaninghisroomwhenIenteredthehouse.----Hisroom_____byhimwhenIenteredtheroom.A.wasbeingcleanedB.wascleanedC.wasbeingcleaningD.hasbeencleaned59.IshallhaveFinishedreadingthenovelbydinnertime.----Thisnovel_____reading(byme)bydinnertime.A.willhavefinished.B.willhasbeenfinishedC.willhavebeingfinishedD.willhavebeenfinished60.Yououghttokeepthesethreeroomsclean.----Thesethreerooms______(byyou).A.areoughtedtokeepcleanB.oughttokeptcleanC.oughttobekeptcleanD.oughttohavebeenkeptclean61.Youareabouttowriteapoem,aren"tyou?----Apoem_____(byyou),_____?A.isabouttobewritten,aren"tyouB.isabouttobewriting,isn’titC.isabouttobewriting,aren"tyouD.isabouttobewritten,isn’tit62.Shehadbetterleaveanotetohim.----Anote_____tohim(byher).A.hadbetterleftB.hadbebetterleftC.hadbetterbeleftD.hadbetterbeenleft63.Hedoesn"tdohishomeworkeveryday.----Hishomework______byhimeveryday.A.doesn"tbedoneB.aren"tdoneC.don"tbedoneD.isn’tdone64.Wemusttakecareofourparentswhentheyareold.----Ourparents______whentheyareold.A.mustbetakencareB.mustbetookcarsC.musttakecareofD.mustbetakencareof65.Peoplelookdownuponhimbecauseheisaliar.----He_____becauseheisaliar.A.islookeddownB.islookeddownuponC.looksdownuponD.looksdown66.Fatherwillgivemeadictionaryonmybirthday.----Adictionary______mebyFatheronmybirthday.A.shallbegiventoB.willgiveC.shallgivetoD.willbegivingto67.Weelectedherleader.----Shebyus.A.iselectedleaderB.wasleaderelectedC.waselectedleaderD.leaderwaselected68.----Peoplewholivealongthisroadreceivetheirmailintheseboxes.----Whyareallofthe______?A.greypaintedmailboxesB.mailboxesgreypaintedC.mailboxespaintedgreyD.paintedgreymailboxes69.Isawhimentertheroom.----He______theroom.A.isseenenterB.isseentoenterC.wasseentoenterD.wasseenenter70.Thequestionaskedbyhimishard_____.A.toanswerB.tobeansweredC.tobeansweringD.foranswer48 71.Howsweetthemusic______!A.soundstobeB.issoundedC.issoundedtobeD.sounds72.Inwarmweatherfruitandmeat______long.A.don"tkeepB.cannotbekeptC.arenotkeptD.arenotkeeping73.Hereceivedatelegram___"MotherSick."A.writtenB.saidC.readingD.writing74.Theclassroom______30feetlong.A.measuresB.ismeasuredC.hasD.haslength75.Doyouremember______?A.howitisdoneB.ithowtobedoneC.HowisitdonebyD.howtodo76.tohavebeenrich.A.TheysayB.ItissaidC.HeissaidD.Thatwassaid77.Mathematicsisdifficult______.A.tolearnB.forlearningC.tobelearnedD.oflearning78.MyhairissolongthatImustgotoabarber"sshopand______.A.havetocutitB.haveitcutC.getittobecutD.tocutit79.Thepencil______well.A.writesB.iswrittenC.waswrittenD.writing80.----Ican"tseetheblackboardverywell.----Perhapsyouneed______.A.toexamineyoureyesB.tohaveyoureyesexaminedC.tohaveexaminedyoureyesD.tobeexaminedyoureyes81.----Whereisthecoffeetable?----Tomjusthadit____away.A.moveB.movingC.movedD.moves82.Goodmedicine______tothemouth.A.tastesbitterB.tastesbitterlyC.istastedbitterD.istastedbitterly83.Whichgirlwontheprize?_____A.Bywhichgirlistheprizewon?B.Whichgirlwastheprizewon?C.Bywhichgirldidshewintheprize?D.Bywhichgirlwastheprizewon?84.---Wheredidyougetthathandsomepicture?----Itwas_____bymyfather.A.givenforusB.agifttousC.giventousD.agiftforus85.Ayounghenis______achicken.A.namedB.knownC.spelledD.called86.----HowdoesAlmalikehernewwork?----She______withthehour.A.can"tsatisfyB.isn"tsatisfiedC.doesn"tsatisfyD.hasn"tsatisfied87.----WhydoyoucallyoursonMouse?----Hewants______bythename.A.tocallB.tobecalledC.tobecallingD.beingcalled88.Hisidea,thoughgood,needs______out.A.beingtriedB.totryC.triedD.tobetried89.Themanlivinginthenextdoorisknown_____thepolice.A.withB.toC.byD.of90.Cottonisfirstmade______threadandthenitwaswoven______cloth.A.upof,upofB.into,intoC.of,ofD.from,from91.______herelastnight.A.SomethingstrangewashappenedB.StrangesomethingwashappenedC.SomethingstrangehappenedD.Strangesomethinghappened92.----I"dliketobuythatcoat.----I"msorry,_____.A.itwassoldB.it"ssellingC.it"sbeensoldD.ithadbeensold93.Gunpowderwasdiscoveredinthetwelfthcentury,but_____.A.mandidnotputittouseinwartwohundredyearsliterB.untiltwocenturiesmoreitwasusedinwarC.notusedinwaruntiltwohundredyearslater48 D.inwardidnotuseittwohundredyearsafterwards94.Thefive-year-oldgirlbyherparents.A.islookedB.haslookedforC.isbeinglookedforD.hasbeenlooked七．情态动词I.情态动词基本用法：情态动词用法否定式疑问式与简答can能力（体力，智力，技能）允许或许可（口语中常用）可能性（表猜测，用于否定句或疑问句中）cannot/cannot/can’tdoCan…do…?Yes,…can.No,…can’t.couldcouldn’tdomay可以（问句中表示请求）可能，或许（表推测）祝愿（用于倒装句中）maynotdoMay…do…?Yes,…may.No,…mustn’t/can’t.mightmightnotdoMight…do…?Yes,…mightNo,…mightnot.must必须，应该（表主观要求）肯定，想必（肯定句中表推测）mustnot/mustn’tdoMust…do…?Yes,…must.No,…needn’t/don’thaveto.haveto只好，不得不（客观的必须，有时态人称变化）don’thavetodoDo…havetodo…?Yes,…do.No,…don’t.oughtto应当（表示义务责任，口语中多用shouldoughtnotto/oughtn’ttodoOught…todo…?Yes,…ought.No,…oughtn’t.shall将要，会用于一三人称征求对方意见用于二三人称表示许诺、命令、警告、威胁等shallnot/shan’tdoShall…do…?Yes,…shall.No,…shan’t.should应当，应该（表义务责任）本该（含有责备意味）shouldnot/shouldn’tdoShould…do…?will意愿，决心请求，建议，用在问句中would比较委婉willnot/won’tdoWill…do…?Yes,…will.No,…won’t.wouldwouldnot/wouldn’tdodare敢（常用于否定句和疑问句中）darenot/daren’tdoDare…do…?Yes,…dare.No,…daren’t.need需要必须（常用于否定句和疑问句中）neednot/needn’tdoNeed…do…?Yes,…must.No,…needn’t.usedto过去常常（现在已不再）usednot/usedn’t/usen’ttododidn’tusetodoUsed…todo…?Yes,…used.No,…use(d)n’t.Did…usetodo…?Yes,…did.No,…didn’t.II.1.表示请求和允许:can,could,may,might.过去式使语气更委婉，答语应用原形。---CouldIuseyourcomputertomorrowmorning?---Yes,youcan.(否定回答可用：No,I’mafraidnot.)2．表示推测：理论可能性can可能性肯定句must,may,might,could疑问句can否定句can’t(不可能)，maynot(可能不)1)can表示理论上的可能性，指某事或情况可能发生，但并不说明实际上真的发生.Childrencanbeverytiring.2)反意问句。Hemayknowtheplan,doesn’the?YoumusthavestudiedEnglishbefore,haven’tyou?Youcan’thavebeencaughtintherainlastnight,wereyou?3．could&beableto在肯定句中could表示过去有“能力”做，was/wereableto表示过去有能力而且确实做成了某一件事，相当于managedtodo…或succeededindoingsth.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryonewasabletogetout.4.may/mightaswelldosth“还是…好”、“不妨”Youmightaswelltellmethetruth.你还是把真相告诉我的好。5.must和haveto1)must表示的是说话人的主观看法,而haveto强调客观需要。48 2）否定形式含义不同。mustn’t禁止，不许可，don’thaveto不必3)must偏要（做令人不快的事）eg.Mustyoushoutsoloudly?6.shall和shouldShall1)表示说话人征求对方意见和向对方请示，用于第一、三人称。Whenshallmyfatherbeabletoleavehospital?2)表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁以及说话人的决心。Youshallgowithme(命令)/YoushallhavethebookwhenIfinishit.（允诺）Heshallbepunished（威胁）/Nothingshallstopmefromdoingit.(决心)Should1)表示劝告和建议“应该”2)“按道理应当”“估计”(=oughtto)Theyshouldbetherebynow,Ithink.3）用于第一人称表示说话人的一种谦逊、客气、委婉的语气。Ishouldadviseyounotdothat.我倒是劝你别这样做。4）在条件句中表示“万一”，主句不一定用虚拟语气。AskTomtoringmeupifyoushouldseehim./ShouldIbefreetomorrow,I’llcome.5）Why/How+should结构表示说话人对某事不能理解，感到意外、惊异等意思，意为“竟然”Itseemssounfairthatthisshouldhappentome.这种事竟然发生在我身上真不公平。7.will和would1)表示意志和意愿。will指现在，would指过去。Ifyouwilllistentome,I’llgiveyousomeadvice.2)表示请求、建议，would比will委婉、客气。Will(Would)youpleasepassmethebook?3)表示习惯性动作，“总是”“惯于”，will指现在，would指过去。Fishwilldiewithoutwater.Everyevening,shewouldsitbythewindow,deepinthought.4).表示功能，意为“能”或“行”Themachinewon’twork.5)表示预料或猜想。Itwouldbeabouttenwhenhelefthome.猜想他离开家时大约十点。8.would&usedto1)表示过去持续的状态和情况用usedto;would不与表示状态的动词连用。Thereusedtobeahospitalhere./Therewouldbeahospitalhere.(×)2)would常与often,sometimes,forhours等表示时间的副词（短语）连用。Wewouldsitintheyardeveryeveningandlistenedtohisstory.3)usedto强调过去的行为同现在的对比，含有“过去怎样，而现在却不这样了”的含义.eg.Hewillnotspendthemoneyonbooksasheusedto.9.dare和need两者作为情态动词都不用于肯定句，常用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句中。习惯用语Idaresay（可能，或许，我揣测）除外。实义动词用法同于一般动词。但在否定句中，dare后的to可省略，即：don’t/doesn’tdare(to)do….need作为实义动词时，用在否定句中时，其后的to不能省略。Hedaregotherealone.(×)Hedarestogothere.Hedaresnotgotherealone.(×)Hedarenotgotherealone./Hedoesn’tdare(to)gotherealone.Hestoodtherewithoutdaringlifthishead.(×)Hestoodtherewithoutdaringtolifthishead.10．情态动词+havedone,表示过去比较：情态动词+do,表示现在或将来。cf.needn’thavedone&didn’tneedtodo…Sheneednothavecomeyesterday.她昨天本不必要来的。（但却来了）Shedidn’tneedtocomeyesterday.她昨天不必来。（实际上也没来）八．非谓语动词I.非谓语动词的分类、意义及构成：非谓语形式构成特征和作用时态和语态否定式复合结构不定式todotobedoingtohavedonetobedonetohavebeendone在非谓语前加notforsb.todosth.具有名词，副词和形容词的作用在句中做主、宾、定、表和状语分词现在分词doinghavingdonebeingdonehavingbeendone具有副词和形容词的作用在句中做定、表、宾补和状语48 过去分词done动名词doinghavingdonebeingdonehavingbeendonesb’sdoing具有名词的作用在句中做主、宾、定和表语II.做宾语的非谓语动词比较：情况常用动词只接不定式做宾语的动词hope,want,offer,long,fail,expect,wish,ask,decide,pretend,manage,agree,afford,determine,promise,happen只接动名词做宾语的动词或短语mind,miss,enjoy,imagine,practise,suggest,finish,escape,excuse,appreciate,admit,prevent,keep,dislike,avoid,risk,resist,considercan’thelp,feellike,succeedin,befondof,objectto,getdownto,beengagedin,insiston,thinkof,beproudof,takepridein,setabout,beafraidof,betiredof,lookforwardto,devoteoneselfto,beworth,bebusy,payattentionto,stickto两者都可以意义基本相同begin,start,like,love,hate,prefer,continue（接不定式多指具体的动作，接动名词多指一般或习惯行为）need,want,require（接动名词主动形式表示被动意义，若接不定式则应用被动形式）意义相反stoptodo停止手中事，去做另一件事stopdoing停止正在做的事意义不同remember/forget/regrettodo（指动作尚未发生）remember/forget/regretdoing（指动作已经发生）goontodo（接着做另外一件事）goondoing（接着做同一件事）trytodo（设法，努力去做，尽力）trydoing（试试去做，看有何结果）meantodo（打算做，企图做）meandoing（意识是，意味着）can’thelptodo（不能帮忙做）can’thelpdoing（忍不住要做）III.非谓语动词做宾语补足语的区别：常见动词与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念例句不定式ask,beg,expect,get,order,tell,want,wish,encourage主谓关系。强调动作将发生或已经完成Iheardhimcallmeseveraltimes.have,notice,see,watch,hear,feel,let,make现在分词notice,see,watch,hear,find,keep,have,feel主谓关系。强调动作正在进行，尚未完成Ifoundherlisteningtotheradio.过去分词动宾关系。动作已经完成，多强调状态Wefoundthevillagegreatlychanged.IV.非谓语动词做定语的区别：区别举例不定式与被修饰词往往有动宾关系，一般式表示将来，进行式表示与谓语动作同时发生，完成式表示在谓语动词之前发生Ihavealotofpaperstotype.Ihavealotofpaperstobetyped.动名词通常指被修饰词的用途，无逻辑上的任何关系Shallwegototheswimmingpool?现在分词与被修饰词之间是主谓关系，表示动作与谓语动作同时发生theboilingwater/theboiledwaterthedevelopingcountry/thedevelopedcountrythefallingleaves/thefallenleaves过去分词与被修饰词之间是被动关系，表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，现已经完成V.非谓语动词做主语和表语的区别：区别举例不定式多表示一个特定的具体的将来的动作，做主语时可以借助于it把不定式移到句子后面。做表语有时可和主语交换位置，而且意义不变，并且还能用what来提问主语或表语。Mydreamistobecomeateacher.Toobeythelawisimportant.(dream,business,wish,idea,plan,duty,task做主语时常用)动名词与不定式的功能区别不大，然而它更接近于名词，表示的动作比较抽象，或者泛指习惯性的动作，有时也可以用itItisnousesayingthatagainandagain.Teachingismyjob.48 做形式主语，做表语时可以和主语互换位置。分词无名词的性质，不能做主语。但是有形容词的性质，可以做表语，多表明主语的特征性质或者状态等，可被very,quite,rather等副词修饰。现在分词多含有“令人…”之意，说明主语的性质特征，多表示主动，主语多为物。过去分词一般表示被动或主语所处的状态，含有“感到…”之意，主语多是人。Thesituationisencouraging.Thebookiswellwritten.(常见分词有astonishing,moving,tiring,disappointing,puzzling,shocking,boring,amusing及其-ed形式)主谓一致【要点点拨】英语句子中谓语动词的数必须与主语的人称和数取得一致，这就叫做主谓一致。解决主谓一致主要遵循三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。1：either,neither,each,one,theother,another,anybody,anyone,anything,somebody,someone,something,everything,everybody,everyone,noone,nothing,nobody做主语时，谓语一般用单数。Neitherofthetwosentencesiscorrect.Everythingaroundusismatter.(注意：none,neither,all,any作主语时，谓语可用单数，也可用复数，具体取决于说话人的意思。)Noneofthemowns/ownacar.Neitheroftheboysare/isinterestedingeography.Allarehere.Andallthatcanbedonehasbeendone.2：表示“时间、距离、金额、重量、面积、体积、容积”等度量的名词做主语时，谓语用单数。Fiveminutesisenough.Fourhundredfrancsisalotofmoney.3：each…andeach…，every…andevery;no…andno;manya…andmanya…等结构由于强调个体行为，因此谓语动词使用单数。EachboyandeachgirlhasgotanewEnglish-Chinesedictionary.Nosoundandnovoiceisheardforalongtime.4：从句、不定式、动名词或短语作主语时谓语动词使用单数形式。Tosaysomethingisonething,todoitisanother.（tosaysomething,todo是不定式）“Howdoyoudo?”isnotaquestionbutagreeting.（Howdoyoudo?是句子，作主语）(注意：what引导主语从句时应注意其所指的具体内容来确定谓语的单复数。)Whatweneedismoretime,whilewhattheyneedaremoredoctorsandmedicines.5：oneandahalf后面带名词的复数，谓语动词常用单数。Oneandhalfbananasisleftonthetable.6：用and连接的两个名词表示单一概念时谓语动词使用单数。TheheadmasterandPartysecretaryisgoingabroadnextmonth.Breadandbutterismyusualbreakfast.7：有些名词呈复数形式，但并不表示复数概念。Thenewsisdisappointingthatachemicalworksistobebuiltinthewestofthecity.8：名词由and或both…and连接主语时，谓语动词使用复数形式。Bothcoffeeandbeerareonsaleintheshop.9：people,public,police,cattle做主语时，谓语动词习惯上使用复数。Thepolicehavecaughtthemurderer.Andpeoplearetalkingaboutthenews.考点10：表示成双、成套的名词作主语时，谓语动词使用复数。Yourtrousersaretoolong,buttheseshoesfityouquitewell.但有apairof连接时，谓语动词使用单数。Apairofglovesisanicepresentforher.11:不可数名词作主语，但前面有表示数量的复数名词修饰时，谓语动词用复数。Threemilliontonsofoilareexploitedeveryyearintheoilfield.12:在or,either---or---,neither---nor---,notonly---butalso---,not---but---,therebe等结构中，采取就近原则，即谓语动词使用单数还是复数取决于最靠近的主语的单复数。Eithertheteacherorthestudentsaretoblame.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteacherisenjoyingthefilm.考点13:下列结构用于引起一个附加的成分，谓语动词的形式应不受附加成分的影响而于前面的主语取得一致:aswellas;ratherthan;like;except;besides;with;alongwith;including;such---as---;;NoonebutJackandMaryknowsaboutit.Iaswellastheyamreadytohelpyou.考点14：someof;plentyof;alotof;mostof;therestof;all(of);half(of);分数或百分之+of+名词做主语时，以名词的单复数为准。Alotofstudentsarewaitingoutside.Andlotsofthetimehasbeenwasted.Morethan70%oftheearth’ssurfaceiscoveredbywater.48 Tenpercentoftheapplesarebad.Therestofthestoryneedsnotelling.Hestayedathomeandtherestoftheboyswereoutatplay.15：由akindof;thiskindof;manykindsof和名词+ofthiskind等以及与kind意思相近的type,sort等构成的类似的短语做主语时，谓语动词与of前的名词取得一致。ThiskindofapplesellswellinChina.Applesofthiskindarehighlypriced.16：morethan开头的句子，看其后面的名词。Morethanoneansweriswrittenontheblackboard.Morethantwohundredsoldierswerekilledinthebattle.17:定语从句中谓语动词的形式与先行词一致，但oneof+复数名词+who/that引导的定语从句的谓语动词的形式看one的前面是否有the(only)等修饰语，有为单数，无为复数。Thisisoneofthebestbooksthathaveappearedthisyear.Sheistheonlyoneofthosewomenwhodoesn’tknowathingaboutknitting(编织).18:population;company;class.team;family;group;nation;world;government等词做主语时，如果强调整体，谓语动词使用单数；如果强调组成成员，谓语动词使用复数。Ourfamilyhasareunioneveryyear.Hisfamilyarewaitingforhim.19：the+形容词，表示一类人，谓语动词用复数;若指单数，则用单数谓语动词。Thericharefortheplan,butthepoorareagainstit.Thetrueistobedistinguishedfromthefalse.真实应与假相区别。(thetrue/thefalse表单数概念)20：anumberof+复数名词结构应用复数动词。thenumberof+复数名词结构应用单数动词。如：Anumberofpeoplewerekilledandinjuredintheexplosion.Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledinthetsunami(海啸)hasgrownto160,000.注：“manya+单数可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。主谓一致练习1.I,who____yourfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouwithyourEnglish.A.amB.isC.areD.be2.Therich____notalwayshappy.A.areB.isC.hasD.have3.NeitherTomnorJackandI____hisstudents.A.areB.amC.isD.was4.Maryaswellashersisters____ChineseinChina.A.arestudyingB.havestudiedC.studiesD.study5.NeithermyfathernorI____athome.A.amB.isC.areD.be6.NotonlymybrotherbutalsoI____goodatpainting.Bothofus____goodpainters.,A.are;areB.am;amC.ani;areD.is;is7.Every"boyandeverygirl____toattendtheeveningparty.A.wishB.wishesC.islikeD.like8.Over80percentofthepopulationofChina____peasants.A.wasB.isC.wouldbeD.are9.ThepopulationofChina____largerthanthatof.anyothercountryintheworld.A.isB.areC.hasD.have10.Everymeans____triedbutwithoutanyresult.A.havebeenB.istobeC.aretobeD.hasbeen11.Alice,togetherwithtwoboys,____forhavingbrokentherule.A.waspunishedB.punishedC.werepunishedD.beingpunished12.TheLeaguesecretaryandthemonitor____askedtoattendthe.meetingthisafternoon.A.isB.wasC.areD.isbeing13.Thegreatwriterandprofessor____.A.isanoldmanB.arebotholdmenC.isanoldmanandayoungmanD.weretwoChinese14.There____apen,twopencilsandthreebooksonthedesk.A.areB.isC.hasD.have15.Alargenumberofstudentsinourclass____girls.A.areB.wasC.isD.be16.Thenumberofdeer,mountainlionsandwildroses____muchifpeopleleavethingsastheyare.A.doesn"tchangeB.don"tchangeC.changeD.changed17.TheArabianNights____wellknowntotheEnglish.A.isB.areC.wasD.were18.ChairmanMao"sworks____published.A.hasbeenB.havebeenC.wasD.is19.Achemicalworks____builtthere.A.istobeingB.havebeenC.weretoD.hasbeen20.TheOlympicGames____heldevery____years.A.is;fourB.are;fourC.is;fiveD.are;five21.TheUnitedStatesofAmericaoneofthemostdevelopedcountriesintheworld.A.isB.areC.wasD.were48 22.Heistheonlyoneofdiestudentswho____elected.A.areB.haveC.hasD.is23.Theisisoneofthemostinterestingquestionsthat____asked.A.haveB.hasC.havebeenD.hasbeen24.Manyaman____cometohelpus.A.haveB.hasC.isD.are25."All____presentandall____goingonwell,"ourmonitorsaid.A.is;isB.are;areC.are;isD.is;are26.Thepolice____themurderereverywherewhenhesuddenlyappearedinatheatre.A.issearchingforB.weresearchingforC.aresearchingforD.weresearching27.Yourtrousers____dirty.Youmusthave____washed.A.is;ilB.are;itC.are;themD.is;them28.Thispairoftrouseis____toolongforhim.A.isB.beC.areD.were29.Oneandahalfbananas____leftonthetable.A.isB.areC.hasD.have30.Eighttimeseight____sixty-four.A.isB.areC.getD.equal31.Tenminutes____anhourwhenoneiswaitingforaphonecall.A.seemsB.seemC.seemedD.seemes32.____ofthemoney____nmout.A.Three-fifth;hasB.Three-fifth;hasbeenC.Three-fifths;hasD.Three-fifths;have33.Thewholeclass____theteacherattentively.A.arelisteningtoB.islisteningtoC.arelisteningD.islistening34.1havefinishedalargepartofthebook,therestofwhich___moredifficult.A.isB.areC.wasD.were35.Betweenthetworowsoftrees____theteachingbuilding.A.standB.standsC.standingD.are36.Largequantitiesofwater____forirrigation.A.isneededB.has-neededC.areneededD.need37.Thattheywerewronginthesematters____nowcleartousall.A.isB.wasC.areD.all38.Whatweneed____goodtextbooks.A.isB.areC.haveD.has39.Whatyousaidjustnow____thematterwearediscussing.A.havesomethingtoatB.hassomethingtodowithC.hadsomethingtodowithD.hasbeensomethingtodowith40.Morethanonemember____againsttheplan.A.isB.areC.hasD.have41.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory____yet.A.hasnotdecidedB.isnotdecidedC.arenotdecidedD.havenotdecided42.Halfofthefruit____bad.A.areB.hasC.isD.have43.____eitherofyourparentscometoseeyourecently?A.HaveB.HadC.HasD.Is44.Mathematics____thelanguageofscience.A.areB.aregoingtobeC.isD.istobe45.Myfamily____small.A.isB.wereC.areD.makes46.Thefollowing____someotherexamples.A.areB.isC.wasD.were47.Theybothhavesomefriends;buthis____moreactive.A.isB.willbeC.wasD.are48.Bothriceandwheat____growninthatcountry.A.isB.areC.wasD.has49.Earlytobedandearlytorise____agoodhabit.A.areB.isC.wereD.was50.Toplaybasketballandtogoswimming____usefulforcharacter-training.A.wasB.isC.areD.were51.EitherheorI____toattendthemassmeetingthisevening.A.isB.amC.areD.be52.____eitherheorItoattendthemassmeetingthisevening.A.isB.amC.areD.be53.Anironandsteelworks,withsomesatellitefactories,____tobebuilthere.A.areB.wereC.isD.will54.Sheaswellasherbrother____aLeaguemember.A.areB.wereC.willD.is55.Hisfamily____abigone.Nowthefamily____watchingTV.48 A.is,areB.are,isC.is,isD.are,are56.ItisIwho____goingtoattendthemeetingtomorrow.A.isB.amC.areD.be57.Morethan60%ofthestudents____thecountryside.A.isB.areC.isfromD.arefrom58.Manyaman____thenovel.A.hasreadB.havereadC.isreadD.areread59.Tomistheonlyoneofthestudentswho____goingtoswimthisafternoon.A.isB.wasC.areD.were60.Here____apen,afewpencilsandsomepaperforyou.A.areB.isC.wasD.were九．定语从句I.定语从句起了形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致。关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系代词who人主语Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmother?whom,which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用thatwhom人宾语Mr.SmithisthepersonwithwhomIamworkingTheboy(whom)sheloveddiedinthewar..whose人，物定语Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismydeskmate.that人，物主语，宾语Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Sheisthepopstar(that)Iwanttoseeverymuch.which物主语，宾语Thebook(which)Igaveyouwasworth$10.Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.as人，物主语，宾语Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.as做宾语一般不省略关系副词when时间时间状语Iwillneverforgetthedaywhenwemetthere.可用onwhichwhere地点地点状语ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.可用inwhichwhy原因原因状语Ican’timaginethereasonwhyheturneddownmyoffer.可用forwhichII.that与which,who,whom的用法区别：情况用法说明例句只用that的情况1．先行词为all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much,等不定代词时。2．先行词被all,any,every,each,much,little,no,some,few等修饰时3．先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时4．先行词既指人又指物时5．先行词被theonly,thevery修饰时6．句中已经有who或which时，为了避免重复时1.Hetoldmeeverythingthatheknows.2.Allthebooksthatyouofferedhasbeengivenout.3.ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverread.4.Wetalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremembered.5.HeistheonlymanthatIwanttosee.6.Whoisthemanthatismakingaspeech?只用which,who,whom的情况1．在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人2．在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。3．先行词本身是that时，关系词用which,先行词为those,one,he时多用who。Hehasason,whohasgoneabroadforfurtherstudy.Ilikethepersontowhomtheteacheristalking.Thosewhorespectothersareusuallyrespectedbyothers.III.as与which的区别：定语从句区别例句限制性定语从句中名词前有such和thesame修饰时，关系代词用as,不能用whichHeisnotsuchafoolashelooks.Don’treadsuchbooksasyoucan’tunderstand.48 非限制性定语从句中as和which都可以指代前面整个主句。如果有“正如，象”的含义，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；而which引导的从句只能放主句后，并无“正如”的意思。Theywonthegame,aswehadexpected.Theywonthegame,whichwehadn’texpected.Asiswellknown,heisafamousfilmstarinthe1980s.IV.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：类别语法意义及特征例句限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用，如果去掉，主句意思就不完整明确，这种从句与主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。TheaccidenthappenedatthetimewhenIleft.非限制性定语从句　对先行词作附加的说明，与主句的关系不十分密切，较松散。从句和主句之间用逗号分开，相当于一个插入语，不能用that引导，关系代词做宾语时也不能省略。Hismother,whomheloveddeeply,diedtenyearsago.定语从句练习1.Theman____visitedourschoolyesterdayisfromLondon.A.whoB.whichC.whomD.when2.Thewoman____istalkingtomymotherisafriendofhers.A.whoseB.whoC.whomD.which3.Becauseofmypoormemory,all____youtoldmehasbeenforgotten.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.as4.Doyourememberthosedays____wespentalongtheseashoreveryhappily?A.whenB.whereC.whichD.who5.Tomdidnottakeawaythecamerabecauseitwasjustthesamecamera____helostlastweek.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.as6.Those____wanttogopleasesigntheirnameshere.A.whomB.whichC.whoD.when7.Whereistheman____Imetthismorning?A.whenB.whereC.whichD.who8.Whoisthewoman____issweepingtheflooroverthere?A.whoB./C.thatD.when9.Theman____youtalkedjustnowisaworker.A.whoB.whomC.towhomD.towho10.Theman____youaregoingtomakefriendsismyfather’sneighbour.A.withwhomB.whenC.towhomD.which11.Thedoctor____isleavingforAfricanextmonth.A.thenurseistalkingtohimB.whomthenurseistalkingC.thenurseistalkingtoD.whothenurseistalking12.Theman____aroundourschoolisfromAmerica.A.whichyoushowedB.youshowedhimC.youshowedD.whereyoushowed13.Hetalkedaboutahero____noonehadeverheard.A.ofwhomB.fromwhomC.aboutthatD.who14.InfacttheSwededidnotunderstandthethreequestions____wereaskedinFrench.A.whereB.whoC.inwhichD.which15.Haveyoureadthebook____Ilenttoyou?A.thatB.whomC.whenD.whose16.Finally,thethiefhandedovereverything____hehadstolentothepolice.A.thatB.whichC.whateverD.all17.Theforeignguests,____weregovernmentofficials,werewarmlywelcomedattheairport.A.mostofthemB.mostofthatC.mostofwhomD.mostofthose18.Thisistheveryletter____camelastnight.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.as19.Iknowonlyalittleaboutthismatter;youmayask____knowsbetterthanI.A.whoeverB.whomeverC.anyoneD.theone20.Thisistheschool____wevisitedthreedaysago.A.whereB./C.whenD.what21.Thisisthefactory____weworkedayearago.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.onwhich22.Nearbyweretwocanoes____theyhadcometotheisland.A.whichB.inwhichC.thatD./23.Jackispleasedwith____youhavegivenhimandall____youhavetoldhim.A.that,whatB.what,thatC.which,whatD.that,which24.Doyouworknearthebuilding____colourisyellow?A.thatB.whichC.itsD.whose25.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson____shecouldturnforhelp.A.whomB.whoC.towhomD.formwhom26.Isthisschool____wevisitedthreeyearsago?A.theoneB.whichC.thatD.where27.Isthistheschool____wevisitedthreeyearsago?A.theoneB.whereC.inwhichD./48 28,Howmanystudentsarethereinyourclass____homesareinthecountry?A.whoseB.whoC.whomD.which29.Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,____cameasasurprise.A.itB.whichC.thatD.he30.ThetrainwascrowdedandIhadtogetintoacarriage____alreadysevenotherpeople.A.whentherewereB.whichtherewereC.thattherewereD.wheretherewere31.Iliveinthehouse____windowsfacesouth.A.whichB.whoseC.whereD.inthat32.----Whatgameispopularwiththem?----The____mostistennis.A.gametheylikeitB.gametheylikeC.bestgametheylikeD.bestgametheylikeit33.Theystayedwithmethreeweeks,____theydrankallthewineIhad.A.whichB.whichtimeC.duringwhichtimeD.duringwhich34.Theroom____MrWhitelivesisnotverylarge.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when35.Don’tforgettheday____youwerereceivedintotheYouthLeague.A.whenB.thatC.atwhichD.where36.I’vefinishedwritingthenovel,____istobepublishednextmonth.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.when37.Hereturnedhomesafeandsoundafterafiercebattle,____wasunexpected.A.whichB.asC.thatD.it38.____weisknowntoall,Englishisnotverydifficulttolearn.A.WhatB.AsC.ThatD.Which39.Theoldmanhadthreesons,allof____diedduringWorldWarⅡ.A.whoseB.thatC.whomD.who40.Ihaveboughttwopens,____writewell.A.noneofwhichB.neitherofwhichC.bothofwhichD.allofwhich41.Doyouknowthereason____shehaschangedhermind?A.whyB.whichC.forthatD.ofwhich42.Hefailedintheexam,____provesthathewasn’tworkinghardenough.A.whichB.whatC.itD.that43.Duringtheweek____hetriedtocollectmaterialsforhisarticle.A.followingB.followedC.tofollowD.thatfollowed44.____wasexpected,hesucceededintheexam.A.ItB.WhichC.AsD.That45.Hestudiedhardandlaterbecameawell-knownwriter,____hisfatherexpected.A.thatwaswhatB.whatwasthatC.andwhichwasD.whichwaswhat46.Weshouldreadsuchbooks____willmakeusbetterandwiser.A.whenB.asC.whoseD.what47.Youmustshowmywifethesamerespect____youshowme.A.whenB.asC.whoseD.what48.Heisabsent____isoftenthecase.A.whatB.whichC.whoD.as49.Itisthefirsttime____Ihavecometoyourcity.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.when50.Who____hasthesameideaasitwilldoitinthisway.A.whoB.thatC.whomD.which51.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears____Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers,____hasagreateffectonmylife.A.that,whichB.when,whichC.which,thatD.when,who52.Thisistheonlybook____Icanfind.A.thatB.whichC.itD.withwhich53.Idon’tlike____youspeaktoher.A.thewayB.thewayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich54.Thatisoneofthosebooksthat____worthreading.A.isB.areC.hasD.have55.Thisistheonlyoneofthestudentswhosehandwriting____thebest.A.isB.areC.hasD.have56.Therewas____topreventtheaccident.A.somethingcoulddoB.anythingwecoulddoC.nothingwecouldn’tdoD.nothingwecoulddo十．名词性从句种类作用常用关联词例句主语从句在复合句中做主语，相当于名词，一般置谓语之前，也可用it作形式主语，主语从句放主句之后that,whether,if,asif,asthough,who,whose,which,how,when,where,why,what,whatever,whoever,whereverWhetherhewillcomeornotdoesn’tmattermuch.Whoevercomesherewillbewelcome.表语从句在复合句中做表语，相当于名词，位于系动词之后Itlooksasifitisgoingtosnow.宾语从句在复合句中做宾语，相当于名词Heaskedmewhichteamcouldwinthegame.48 同位语从句放在名词之后(news,problem,idea,suggestion,advice,thought,hope,fact等)表明其具体内容Youhavenoideahowworriedweare.Thefactthatheliedagaingreatlysurprisedus.名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。【考点1】名词性从句中引导词that与what的使用场合。1．that引导名词性从句时，不在从句中充当任何成分，只起连接作用；而what是连接代词，在从句中充当成分。①______madetheschoolproudwas_______morethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.(2003上海春季)A.What/becauseB.What/thatC.That/whatD.That/because2．that在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中不可省略,但当有两个和两个以上的宾语从句并列时，第二个从句以下的that不可省略。如：Shesaid(that)shehadleftschoolandthatherparentswouldfindherajob.②Wordcomes________agroupofAustralianguestswillcometovisitourschoolnextweek.A.thatB.whichC.不填D.aboutwhich(2005天津•2月)3．介词后的宾语从句常用what，whether引导，不用that，which引导。但在介词besides，except，in后可用that引导宾语从句。在有it作先行词时，that可用来引导介词后的宾语从句。③Theotherday,mybrotherdrovehiscardownthestreetat____Ithoughtwasadangerousspeed.A.asB.whichC.whatD.that(2004上海春季)【考点2】名词性从句中引导词whether与if的用法区别。引导及物动词或形容词后的宾语从句可以互换的场合：Heisnotsureif/whetherhecanmanagetodoit.当与ornot分开使用时Hewonderedif/whetherwewillattendthemeetingornot.只能用whether不能用if的场合：引导表语从句、同位语从句及位于句首的主语从句;引导介词后的宾语从句（有时可省略）;后面紧跟ornot时;后面直接跟动词不定式时④_____theflighttoNewYorkwillbedelayedis____I’mespeciallyworriedabout.(2003南京)A.If;whatB.Whether;thatC.When;thatD.Whether;what【考点3】在动词：一坚持（insist）、二命令（order，command）、三建议（suggest，advise，propose）、四要求（demand，require，request，ask）后的宾语从句和这些动词的过去分词后的主语从句，以及这些动词的名词引出的表语从句和同位语从句中，谓语部分常用（should）do形式。⑤Iadvisedthathe_____tothehospitalatonce,butheinsistedthathe_____quitewellthen.(2005年山东•2月)A.besent;wasfeelingB.wassent;sentC.besent;feelD.shouldbesent;shouldfeel【考点4】名词性从句的语序只能是陈述句语序，宾语从句的时态应该与主句的谓语动词的时态保持一致。⑥Theyareteachersanddon’trealize______tostartandrunacompany.(2004黄冈)A.whattakesitB.whattheytakeC.whattakesthemD.whatittakes【考点5】whoever，whichever，whatever，whenever，wherever和however在引导名词性从句时不可与nomatterwho/which/what/when/where/how替换，因为后者只能引导让步主语从句。⑦——Haveanicetrip!——Thanks.I’lltelephoneyoufrom_____Igettobytomorrowevening.(2004广州)A.whereverB.everyplaceC.wheneverD.nomatterwhere练习名词性从句1.Doyousee_____Imean?A.thatB./C.howD.what2.Tellme_____isonyourmind.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.why3.Wemuststickto_____wehaveagreedon.A.whatB.thatC./D.how4.Letmesee_____.A.thatcanIrepairtheradioB.whether-IcanrepairtheradioC.IcanrepairtheradioD.whethercanIrepairtheradio5.Keepinmind_____.A.thattheteachersaidB.whatdidtheteachersayC.thatdidtheteachersayD.whattheteachersaid6.Couldyouadviseme_____?A.whichbookshouldIreadfirstB.whatbookshouldIreadfirstC.thatbook1shouldreadfirstD.whichbookIshouldreadfirst7.Hewascriticizedfor_____.A.hehaddoneitB.whathehaddoneC.whathadhedoneD.thathehaddoneit48 8.Wouldyoukindlytellme_____?A.howcanIgettotheBeijingRailwayStationB.howIcangettotheBeijingRailwayStationC.wherecanIgettotheBeijingRailwayStationD.whethercanIgettotheBeijingRailwayStation9.Mrs.Smithwasverymuchimpressedby_____.A.whathadsheseeninChinaB.thatshehadseeninChinaC.whatshehadseeninChinaD.whichhadsheseeninChina10.Wetookitforgranted___A.thattheywerenotcomingB.thatweretheynotcomingC.theywerecomingnotD.weretheynotcoining11.Ireallydon"tknow_____A.IshoulddonextB.whatshouldIdonextC.whatIshoulddonextD.howIshoulddonext12.I"mafraid_____.A.thelittlegirlwillhavetobeoperatedonB.thatwillthelittlegirlhavetooperateonC.thelittlegirlwillhavetooperateonD.thatwillthelittlegirlhavetobeoperatedon13.Shewalkedupto_____.A.wheredidIstandB.whereIstoodC.IstoodthereD.whereIstoodthere14.Canyoutellme_____?A.whoisthatgentlemanB.thatgentlemaniswhoC.whothatgentlemanisD.whom.isthatgentleman15.We"llgiveyou_____.A.thatdoyouneedB.whatdoyouneedC.whateveryouneedD.whetherdoyouneed16.Theywantustoknow_____tohelpus.A.whatcantheyB.whattheycanC.howtheycanD.howcanthey17.Wemustput_____intopractice.A.whatwehavelearnedB.thatwehavelearnedC.thathavewelearnedD.whathavewelearned18.Didshesayanythingabout_____?A.thattheworkwastobedoneB.howwastheworktobedoneC.thatwastheworktobedoneD.howtheworkwastobedone19.Hewasneversatisfiedwith_____.A.whatshehadachievedB.hadwhatsheachievedC.shehadachievedD.thatsheachieved20.Thesephotographswillshowyou_____.A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslikeC.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslike21.Peterinsisted_____hepaythebill.A.onthatB.whatC.thatD.onwhich22.Theyurged_____thelibraryopenduringthevacation.A.whenB.whereC.whyD.that23.Wewishwecouldhavelearned_____whenwewereathighschool.A.whatyoudidB.thatyouhaddoneC.thatwhatyoudidD.whatdidyoudo24.1willdescribetoyou_____Isawwhenthere.A.whatB.thatC.whichD./25.From_____Ishouldsayheisagoodworker.A.what1knowofhimB.thatIdoknowofhimC.whatdoIknowofhimD.thatdoIknowofhim26.Iwillgivethisdictionaryto__wantstohaveit.A.whomeverB.anyoneC.whoeverD.someone27._____theywillcomeherehasn"tbeendecidedyet.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhenD.Where28._____wassaidheremustbekeptsecret.A.WhoB.ThethingC.WhateverD.Where29.Itisstillaquestion_____weshallhaveoursportsmeet.A.ifB.thatC.whatD.when30.I"mgoinganyway._____shewillgoisuptohertodecide.A.IfornotB.WhetherornotC.IfD.That31.Itisstrange_____shehaveleftwithoutsayingaword.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.how32.Itisveryclear_____ourpolicyisacorrectone.A.whatB.thatC.whyD.where33._____MrZhangsaidisquiteright.A.ThatB.WhenC.WhatD.Whether34.Ithasbeendecided_____hewillbesentthere.A.ifB.whetherC.whyD.that35.Itdoesn"tmatter_____he"scomebackornot.A.ifB.whetherC.thatD.when36.It"sagreatpity_____wewon’tbeabletofinishthetaskontime.A.whenB.thatC.whyD.where37.Ithappened_____Iwasn"ttherethatday.A.whenB.whyC.whereD.that38._____youhavedonemightdoharmtootherpeople.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhichD.Thethings48 39._____leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoftthelights.A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.Who40._____the2000OlympicGameswon"tbeheldinBeijingisknowntoall.AWhetherB.IfCWheneverD.That41._____failstoseethiswillmakeabigmistake.A.ThatB.WhoeverC.WhetherD.Whetherornot42.__weneedmoreequipmentisquiteobvious.A.WhatB.WhetherC.ThatD.Whatever43.Hasitbeenannounced_____?A.whenaretheplanestotakeoffB.thataretheplanestotakeoffC.wherearetheplanestotakeoffD.whentheplanesaretotakeoff44.Thatis_____weallsupporthisidea.A.whatB.whyC.whereD.when45.That’s_____weshoulddo.A.thatB.whatC.howD.why46._____istroublingmeis_____Idon’tunderstand_____hesaidA.What;that;whatB.What;what;whatC.That;that;whatD.Why;that;which47.Thingswerenot_____theyseemedtobe.A.whenB.whyC.thatD.what48.That’s_____Iwanttosay.A.allwhatB.whatC.allwhichD.whatthat49.That’s_____.A.whereourdifferenceslieB.ourdifferencesliethereC.wheredoourdifferenceslieD.thatwhereourdifferenceslie50.Thatis_____.A.wherelivedhethereB.wheredidheliveC.wherehelivedD.thatwherehelived51.Thequestionsis_____.A.whetherisitworthdoingB.thatifitisworthdoingC.whetheritisworthdoingD.ifitisworthdoing52.Waterwillcontinuetobe_____itistodaynextinimportancetooxygen.A.howB.whichC.whatD.as53.That"s_____.A.howdidIbecomeateacherB.howIbecameateacherC.howateacherIbecameD.thatIbecameateacher54.Theyarejust_____.A.thatwhatshallIhaveB.whatshallIhaveC.thatIshallhavewhatD.whatIshallhave55.Itlooked____.A.asifitwasgoingtorainB.thatasifitwasgoingtorainC.asifwasitgoingtorainD.asifthatitwasgoingtorain56.That"s_____.A.howshediditB.thathowdidshedoit.C.howdidshedoitD.whatshedidit57.Thatis_____wedecidedtoputthediscussionoff.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.why58.That’s_____IlivedwhenIwastenyearsold.A.whereB.atwhichC.therewhereD.when59.Mysuggestionis_____weshouldsendafewcomradestohelpthem.A.ifB.thatC.whenthatD.thatwhere60.Theidea_____allpeopleareselfishiswrong.A.whatB.thatC.whyD.if十一。状语从句种类连接词注意点时间状语when,whenever,while,as,before,after,until,till,bythetime,assoonas,hardly…when,nosooner…than,themoment,theminute,immediately,directly,instantly主句表示将来意义时，从句须用一般现在时；while引导的从句中动词一般是延续性的；until用在肯定句中主句动词是延续性的，而否定句中主句动词为短暂性的。地点状语where,wherever原因状语because,as,since,nowthatbecause语气最强，since较弱，表示大家都明了的原因，as又次之。条件状语if,unless,once,incase,aslongas,onconditionthat从句中动词时态不可用将来时，常用一般时代替目的状语sothat,inorderthat,forfearthatsothat和inorderthat后常接may,should,could,would等情态动词结果状语so…that,such…that比较状语than,as…as,notso/as…as,themore…themore方式状语asif,asthough,asasif和asthough引导的从句一般用虚拟语气。48 让步状语though,although,evenif,eventhough,as,nomatterwhat,whatever,nomatterwho,whoever,nomatterwhich,whichever,nomatterhow,however,nomatterwhen,wheneveras在让步状语从句中常用倒装形式；although和though用正常语序，可和yet连用，但不可和but连用【考点1】when，while与as的用法均可表示“当……的时候”，但有区别：when既可接表示动作性或短暂性的动词，也可接表示状态的动词，不强调主从句谓语动作同时发生。有时还有“这时”的意思。while常接持续性的动词，强调主从句谓语动作同时发生，常用进行时。有时还有对比意义，意为“然而”。as强调同时发生或伴随进行。常用一般现在时或过去时，意为“一边……一边……”。有时还有“随着”含义。①Idoeverysinglebitofhousework________myhusbandBobjustdoesthedishesnowandthen.A.sinceB.whileC.whenD.as(2004广西)【考点2】“一……就……”几种表达法once，assoonas，themoment/minute，immediately/directly/instantly引导的从句常用一般现在时或过去时。hardly/scarcely…when…和nosooner…than…结构中，前句常用过去完成式（常用部分倒装形式），后句用过去式。Ondoingsth.，each/every/thefirst/thelast+time后也可直接接从句，一起作时间状语。②—DidyouremembertogiveMarythemoneyyouowedher?—Yes.Igaveittoher_____Isawher.(2004北京西城)A.whileB.themomentC.suddenlyD.once【考点3】because，as，since与for的用法比较because：表示直接的原因或理由。用于回答Why的问题。because与so不能同时并列使用。since：表示对方已知的，无须加以说明的既成事实的理由。译为“既然”。as：表示十分明显的原因，一般说明因果关系。for：常出现在并列句中，不说明主句行为发生的直接原因，只提供一些补充说明，且不可位于句首。③_______youareleavingtomorrow,wecaneatdinnertogethertonight.(2004江苏启东)A.ForB.SinceC.WhenD.while【考点4】nomatter后可接who，whom，whose，which，what，when，where，how，whether引导的让步主语从句可用whoever，whomever，whenever，whichever，whatever，wherever，however替换，但在ever引导其它从句时不可用nomatter引导。④_______,Ihavetoputitawayandfocusmyattentiononstudythisweek.(2004上海春季)A.HoweverthestudyisamusingB.NomatteramusingthestoryisC.HoweveramusingthestoryisD.Nomatterhowthestoryisamusing【考点5】until/till的用法⑤Itwas__________backhomeaftertheexperiment.(2004湖北)A.notuntilmidnightdidhegoB.untilmidnightthathedidn’tgoC.notuntilmidnightthathewentD.untilmidnightwhenhedidn’tgo⑥——Washisfatherverystrictwithhimwhenhewasatschool?——Yes.Hehadneverpraisedhim______hebecameoneofthetopstudentsinthegrade.A.afterB.unlessC.untilD.when(2003北京春季)【考点6】引导让步主语从句应注意等几个问题1．由although/though，evenif/though引导(注意although/though引导从句时，主句不能用but，但可用yet或still)。2．由whether…or(not)引导3．由though或as引导的倒装句中。4．though用作副词，可位于句末，并用逗号分开。⑦——Dad,I’vefinishedmyassignment.——Good,and_______youplayorwatchTV,youmustn’tdisturbme.(2003上海)A.wheneverB.whetherC.whateverD.nomatter【考点7】before用法注意before在下列句型中的使用Itwillbe+一段时间+before+从句;Itwon’tbelongbefore+从句before一词在不同的句型中就有不同的意思，如：“在……之前”、“过了……才”、“没……就”、“不知不觉就……”等。48 ⑧Itwillbealongtime_____Mr.Black______backabroad.(2002湖北八校)A.before;comesB.since;hascomeC.before;willcomeD.after;willcome【考点8】where引导的定语从句与where引导的地点状语从句的区别⑨——Ihavelearnedthatalargenewbuildingwillbesetup______theTwinTowersoncestood.——SohaveI.ButtheAmericanpeoplehaven’tyetgotovertheshockofSeptember11.A.whereB.whenC.whichD.that(2004江苏南通)【考点9】sothat可引导目的状语从句和结果状语从句⑩Rosesneedspecialcare________theycanlivethroughwinter.(2004全国卷)A.becauseB.sothatC.evenifD.as【考点10】状语从句的省略用法1．当when，while，if，unless引导状语从句时，如果主从句的主语一致，且谓语部分由be动词构成（或者从句中有itis…）时，可省略主语和be动词（或省略itis）。2．在虚拟条件状语从句中，如果从句中有had，should，were时，可省略if，用“had，should，were+主语”形式。3．以as，than引导的比较状语从句可全部或部分省去。4．asif和asthough从句可用省略形式，后接不定式、分词、形容词和介词。⑾Theresearchissodesignedthatonce____nothingcanbedonetochangeit.(NMET2002)A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun⑿Generallyspeaking,_____accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.(2003上海)A.whentakingB.whentakenC.whentotakeD.whentobetaken状语从句练习1.I’llletyouknow____hecomesback.A.beforeB.becauseC.assoonasD.although2.Shewillsingasong____sheisasked.A.ifB.unlessC.forD.since3.Wewillwork____weareneeded.A.wheneverB.becauseC.sinceD.wherever4.Readitaloud_____theclasscanhearyou.A.sothatB.ifC.whenD.although5._____yougo,don"tforgetyourpeople.A.WheneverB.HoweverC.WhereverD.Whichever6.Itisabouttenyears_____Imetyoulast.A.sinceB.forC.whenD.as7.Theywillneversucceed,_____hardtheytry.A.becauseB.howeverC.whenD.since8._____stillhalfdrunk,hemadehiswayhome.A.WhenB.BecauseC.ThoughD.As9._____shewasverytired,shewentonworking.A.AsB.AlthoughC.EvenD.Inspiteof10.Busy_____hewas,hetriedhisbesttohelpyou.A.asB.whenC.sinceD.for11.IlearnedalittleRussian_____Iwasatmiddleschool.A.thoughB.althoughC.asifD.when12._____wegottothestation,thetrainhadleftalready.A.IfB.UnlessC.SinceD.When13._____therainstops,we"11setoffforthestation.A.BeforeB.UnlessC.AssoonasD.Though14.Shewas_____tired_____shecouldnotmoveaninch.A.so,thatB.such,thatC.very,thatD.so,as15.Wedidn’tgohome_____wefinishedthework.A.sinceB.untilC.becauseD.though16.I"llstayhere_____everyoneelsecomesback.A.evenifB.asthoughC.becauseD.until17.Althoughit"sraining,_____arestillworkinginthefield.A.theyB.buttheyC.andtheyD.sothey18.Speaktohimslowly_____hemayunderstandyoubetter.A.sinceB.sothatC.forD.because19.You"llmissthetrain______youhurryup.A.unlessB.asC.ifD.until20.Whenyoureadthebook,you"dbettermakeamark_____youhaveanyquestions.A.atwhichB.atwhereC.theplaceD.where21.We"dbetterhurry______itisgettingdark.A.andB.butC.asD.unless22.Ididn"tmanagetodoit_____youhadexplainedhow.A.untilB.unlessC.whenD.before23._____hecomes,wewon"tbeabletogo.A.WithoutB.UnlessC.ExceptD.Even24.Ihurried_____Iwouldn"tbelateforclass.A.sinceB.sothatC.asifD.unless25._____Icatchacold,Ihavepaininmyback.A.EverytimeB.ThoughC.EvenD.Where26.What"sthematter_____theystillhaven"tansweredthetelegram?A.whenB.thatC.thoughD.however27.Bringitnearer_____Imayseeitbetter.A.althoughB.eventhoughC.sothatD.since28.YoumayarriveinBeijingearly_____youmindtakingthenighttrain.A.thatB.thoughC.unlessD.if29.Helenlistenedcarefully_____shemightdiscoverexactlywhatsheneeded.48 A.inthatB.inorderthatC.incaseD.eventhough30.Morepeoplewilleatoutinrestaurants_____theydotoday.A.thanB.whenC.whileD.as31._____hardshetries,shecanhardlyavoidmakingmistakesinherhomework.A.MuchB.HoweverC.AsD.Although32.Poor_____itmaybe,thereisnoplacelikehome,_____youmaygo.A.as;whereverB.though;wheneverC.inspiteof;whenD.that;wherever33.Thechildwas__immediatelyaftersupper.A.enoughtiredtogotobedB.tootiredtogotobedC.sotiredthathewenttobedD.verytired,hewenttobed34.Thehistoryofnursing__thehistoryofman.A.asoldasB.isoldthanC.thatisasoldasD.isasoldas35._____borninChicago,theauthorwasfamousforhisstoriesaboutNewYork.A.SinceB.OnceC.WhenD.Although36._____westoodatthetopofthebuilding,thepeoplebelowwerehardlyvisible.A.AsB.AlthoughC.UnlessD.Inspiteof37.ScarcelywasGeorgeWashingtoninhisteens_____hisfatherdied.A.thanB.asC.whileD.when38._____Davidgoes,heiswelcome.A.WhicheverB.HoweverC.WhereverD.Whatever39.Thehousestood_____therehadbeenarock.A.whichB.atwhichC.whenD.where40.Small_____itis,thepenisamostusefultool.A.becauseB.soC.ifD.as41.Afterthenewtechniquewasintroduced,thefactoryproduced_____tractorsin1988astheyearbefore.A.astwicemanyB.asmanytwiceC.twiceasmanyD.twicemanyas42.Thepianointheothershopwillbe_____,but_____.A.cheaper;notasbetterB.morecheap;notasbetterC.cheaper;notasgoodD.morecheap;notasgood43.Johnplaysfootball_____,ifnotbetterthan,David.A.aswellB.aswellasC.sowellD.sowellas44.Althoughheisconsideredagreatwriter,A.hisworksarenotwidelyreadB.buthisworksarenotwidelyreadC.howeverhisworksarenotwidelyreadD.stillhisworksarenotwidelyread45.___thedaywenton,theweathergotworse.A.WithB.SinceC.WhileD.As46.—Whatwasthepartylike?—Wonderful.It"syears_____Ienjoyedmyselfsomuch.A.afterB.whenC.beforeD.since47.Itwasnot_____shetookoffherdarkglasses_____Irealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.A.when;thatB.until;thatC.until;whenD.when;then48.Ifweworkwithastrongwill,wecanovercomeanydifficulty,_____greatitis.A.whatB.howC.howeverD.whatever49.Afterthewar,anewschoolbuildingwasputup_____therehadoncebeenatheatre.十二。倒装句种类倒装条件例句完全倒装here,there,up,down,in,out,off,away等副词开头的句子表示强调Outrushedthechildren.表示地点的介词短语作状语位于句首Underthetreestoodtwotablesandfourchairs.48 强调表语，置于句首，或为保持句子平衡Presentatthemeetingwere1,000students.部分倒装never,hardly,scarcely,seldom,little,notuntil,not等表示否定意义的副词放于句首HardlydidIknowwhathadhappened.only和修饰的状语放于句首OnlythendidherealizedtheimportanceofEnglish.notonly…butalso连接并列的句子，前倒后不倒NotonlydoesheknowFrench,butalsoheisexpertatit.neither…nor…连接并列的句子，前后都倒装NeitherdoIknowit,nordoIcareaboutit.so…that,such…that中的so或such及修饰的成分放于句首时前倒后不倒Sobusyishethathecannotgoonaholiday.as引导的让步状语Childasheis,hehaslearnedalot.so,neither或nor表示前句内容也适用于另外的人或事。Hecanplaythepiano.Socani.用于表示祝愿的祈使句中Mayyoubeingoodhealth!省略if的虚拟条件WereIyou,Iwouldnotdoitinthisway.十三。虚拟语气类别用法例句If引导的条件从句与现在事实相反从句动词：过去式（be用were）主句动词：should/would/could/might+动词原形Ifhewerehere,hewouldhelpus.与过去事实相反从句动词：had+过去分词主句动词：should/would/could/might+have+过去分词IfIhadbeenfree,Iwouldhavevisitedyou.与将来事实相反从句动词：过去式/should+动词原形/were+不定式主句动词：should/would/could/might+动词原形Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgocamping.其它状语从句asif引导的状语从句中动词用过去式或过去完成式Theyaretalkingasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.inorderthat/sothat引导的状语从句中动词用can/could/may/might/would等+动词原形Turnonthelightsothatwecanseeitclearly.宾语从句demand,suggest,order,insist后接的从句中动词为should+动词原形Hesuggestedthatwenotchangeourmind.wish后的从句中分别用过去式，过去完成式和should/would+动词原形表示与现在，过去和将来情况相反IwishIcouldbeapopsinger.主语从句在Itisnecessary/important/strangethat…,Itissuggested/demanded/ordered/requestedthat…等从句中，谓语动词用should+动词原形Itisstrangethatsuchapersonshouldbeourfriends.其它句型中Itistimethat…句型中动词用过去式或should+动词原形It’shightimethatweleft.wouldrather所接的从句中动词用过去式或者过去完成式Iwouldratheryoustayedathomenow.Ifonly句型中动词常用过去式或者过去完成式，表示强烈的愿望Ifonlyourdreamhadcometrue!十四。重要句型1.Itwasnotuntilmidnightthathefinishedhistask.2.NotuntilhecamebackfromabroadwasIabletoseehimagain.3.Theharderyouwork,thegreaterprogressyouwillmake.4.Hewalkedaroundthehouse,guninhand.5.Mayyoubeingoodhealth!6.Wishyouapleasantjourneybackhome!7.Theprofessorwasahumorousmanwithbignoseanddeep-seteyes.8.Whatsurprisedmemostwashisimaginationandpatience.9.Helayonthegrass,withhiseyeslookingattheskyandhishandsunderhishead.10.SittingunderthetreeareMr.Greenandhisfirstteacher.11.Onthewallhangtwopicturesoffamousscientists.12.Lookingbackuponthosepastyears,hecouldn’thelpfeelingveryproud.13.Nosooner(Hardly)hadhearrivedatthetheatrethan(when)theplaystarted.48 1.Youngasheis,hehaslearnedadvancedmathematics.2.HowIregretthehourswastedinthewoodsandfields!3.Therestandsabeautifulvaseinthecorneroftheroom.4.Tenmilesnorthofthetownliesapaperfactory.5.Theregoesthebell.6.Nowherehastheworldeverseensuchabirdashere.7.Itisnousecryingforhelp.8.IfonlyIhadbeenyourstudentinthemiddleschool!9.Itisbelievedthatsuchathingwillnothappenagain.10.OnlywhenheexplaineddidIrealizethereasonforthis.11.“Heworksparticularlyhard.”“Sohedoes,andsodoyou.”12.NotonlyAlicebutalsoJaneandMaryaretiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.13.SuchwasAlbertEinstein,asimplepersonofgreatachievements.倒装结构随堂练1.____smoking,hewouldnothavegotcancerinthelung.A.WashegivenupB.HadhegivenupC.DidhegiveupD.Ifhegaveup2.Sofunny______thateveryoneburstintolaughing.A.shelookedB.wasshelookingC.didshelookD.hadshelooked3.Notonceintheseyears____thepricesoftheseproducts.A.wechangedB.havewechangedC.didwechangeD.wehavechanged4.“Whycan’tIsmoke?“Atnotime______inthemeeting-room.”A.doessmokingispermittedB.issmokingpermittedC.smokingispermittedD.permitssmoking5.Insuchahurry______hisofficethatheforgottolockthedoor.A.didheleaveB.heleftC.hehadleftD.hasheleft6.Onlyafter_____reachedeighteen______jointhearmy.A.haveyou;youcanB.haveyou;canyouC.youhave;youcanD.youhave;canyou7.Nowhereelseintheworld______morefriendlypeoplethaninChina.A.youwillfindB.canyoubeabletofindC.youmayhavefoundD.canyoufind8.Notuntil1998______backtohishometown.A.cameheB.thathecameC.didhecomeD.thathedidcome9.Hardly______whenitstartedraining.A.thegamehadbegunB.thegamebeganC.didthegamebeginD.hadthegamebegun10.Solittle______agreeontheplanthattheycouldnotsettlethedifferences.A.didtheyB.dotheyC.theydidD.theydidnot11.OnlyafterIreadthetextoveragain____itsmainidea.A.thatIknewB.didIknowC.IcouldknowD.Ididknow12.Little______whenItookthetripwhereitwouldleadme.A.haveIknownB.hadIknownC.doIknowD.didIknow13.______didthestudentsrealizetheyweremistaken.A.ItwasuntilB.ItwasnotuntilthenC.NotuntilthenD.Notuntil14.Onlybyreadingalot______progressinEnglish.A.youcanmakeB.canyoumakeC.willyouabletomakeD.canmakeyou15.Seldom______timetogoshoppingthesedays.A.didIhaveB.doIhaveC.haveID.Ihave高考英语情态动词和虚拟语气经典试题（A）1.Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.You_______homewithoutaword.A.mustn’t高考资源网leaveB.shouldn’thaveleftC.couldn’thaveleftD.needn’tleave2.—Writetomewhenyougethome.—__________.A.ImustB.IshouldC.IwillD.Ican3.Youcan’timaginethatawell–behavedgentleman______besorudetoalady.A.mightB.needC.shouldD.would48 4.Mr.Bushisontimeforeverything.How____itbethathewaslatefortheopeningceremony?A.canB.shouldC.mayD.must5.Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball,otherwisehe______agoal.A.hadscoredB.scoredC.wouldscoreD.wouldhavescored6.—Ihearyou’regotasetofvaluableAustraliancoins.______Ihavealook?—Yes,certainly.A.DoB.MayC.WillD.Should7.—IsJohncomingbytrain?—Heshould,buthe______not.Helikesdrivinghiscar.A.mustB.canC.needD.may8.Ithasbeenannouncedthatcandidates______remainintheirseatsuntilallthepapershavebeencollected.A.canB.willC.mayD.shall9.ItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI_______inloveattheageofseven,withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.A.wouldn’thavefallenB.hadnotfallenC.shouldfallD.weretofall10.—Iheardtheywentskatinginthemountainslastwinter.—It_____truebecausetherewaslittlesnowthere.A.maynotbeB.won’tbeC.couldn’tD.mustn’tbe11.Oh,I’mnotfeelingwellinthestomach.I______somuchfriedchickenjustnow.A.shouldn’teatB.mustn’thaveeatenC.shouldn’thaveeatenD.mustn’teat12.HowIwisheveryfamily______alargehousewithabeautifulgarden!A.hasB.hadC.willhaveD.hadhad13.Naturally,afterItoldherwhattodo,mydaughter_____goanddotheopposite!A.mayB.canC.mustD.should14.—Theroomissodirty._____wecleanit?—Ofcourse.A.WillB.ShallC.WouldD.Do15.Aleft–luggageofficeisaplacewherebags_____beleftforashorttime,especiallyatarailwaystation.A.shouldB.canC.mustD.will课后练习倒装常考题1.Neverinmywildestdreams______thesepeoplearelivinginsuchpoorconditions.(安徽卷)A.Icouldimagine          B.couldIimagine    C.Icouldn’timagine        D.couldn’tIimagine2.Neverbefore_____ingreaterneedofmodernpublictransportthanitistoday.(上海卷)A.hasthiscitybeen        B.thiscityhasbeenC.wasthiscity          D.thiscitywas3.Little______thatwewerewatchinghiseverymove,soheseemedtobegoinghisownwayinthisbusiness.A.herealized          B.hedidn’trealizeC.didn’therealize     D.didherealize4.TheyhaveagoodknowledgeofEnglishbutlittle_____theyknowaboutGermanA.have B.did  C.had D.do5.Seldom______anyapologywhenmistakesaremade.A.wereceive B.dowereceiveC.wereceived D.didwereceive6.Seldom______anarticlethatwassofulloflies.A.haveIread  B.IhavereadC.hadIread D.Ihadread7.Hardly______EdinburghthantheywereorderedtoreturntoLondon.A.hadtheyreached     B.theyhadreached  C.havethereache  D.theyhavereached8.—DidLindaseethetrafficaccident?—No,nosooner_______thanithappened.A.hadshegoneB.shehadgoneC.hasshegone D.shehasgone9.Nosooner______mowingthelawnthanitstartedrainingA.haveIstarted B.Ihavestarted  C.hadIstarted  D.Ihadstarted10.Maybeyouhavebeentomanycountries,butnowhereelse_____suchabeautifulplace.(2004辽宁卷)A.canyoufind         B.youcouldfindC.youcanfind        D.couldyoufind11.NotuntilIbegantowork_____howmuchtimeIhadwasted.A.didn"tIrealize B.didIrealize C.Ididn"trealize  D.Irealized12.—Myroomgetsverycoldatnight.—______.(江苏卷)A.Soismine        B.Somineis      C.Sodoesmine    D.Somine48 does13.—It’sburninghottoday,isn’tit?—Yes.______yesterday.(福建卷)A.Sowasit        B.Soitwas        C.Soitis          D.Soisit14.IfJoe’swifewon’tgototheparty,______.A.hewilleither B.neitherwillheC.heneitherwill   D.eitherhewill高中英语三大从句练习题1．Football is a very interesting game , is played all over the world． A．that B．which  C．it D．who 2．The last place  we visited was the Great Wall． A．which B．that  C．where D．it 3He talked happily about the men and books  interested him greatly in the school． A．which B．who  C．it D．that 4．His uncle works in a factory  bicycles are made． A．that B．which  C．where D．there 5．I often thought of my childhood ,  I lived on a farm． A．which B．where  C．when D．who 6．Jack’s dog became ill and died ,  made him very lonely ． A．as B．which C．that D．this 7．I wonder how much  ． A．cost these shoes     B．do these shoes cost  C．these shoes cost    D．are these shoes cost8．Computers can only give out   has been stored in them .A．that        B．which       C．what       D．anything9．My friend wouldn’t tell me   his new car ．A．how much he paid for    B．how much did he pay  C．he paid how much for   D．did he pay how much10．It doesn’t matter    I rest or not ．A．if        B．whether      C．that       D．when11．The trouble is  we are short of tools ． A．what       B．that       C．how       D．which12．  I can’t understand is    he wants to change his mind．A．That , that      B．Which , what        C．What , what     D．What, why13．The thought   he might fail in the exam worried him ． A．which       B．that       C．when        D．/14．The fact   he is an orphan is well known． A．what      B．that       C．which      D．/15．  I will accept the gift is none of your business．A．If        B．Whether        C．What       D．Which 16．  I have will be yours sooner or later ．A．No matter what    B．No matter whatever        C．Whatever      D．That 17.Isthisthefactory__________youvisitedtheotherday?A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone18.Isthisfactory__________someforeignfriendsvisitedlastFriday?A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone19.Isthisthefactory__________heworkedtenyearsago?A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone20.Thewolveshidthemselvesintheplaces__________couldn’tbefound.A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.inthat21.Ihaveboughtthesamedress__________sheiswearing.A.asB.thatC.whichD.what22.Hefailedintheexamination,__________madehisfatherveryangry.A.whichB.itC.thatD.what23.We’retalkingaboutthepianoandthepianist__________wereintheconcertweattendedlastnight.A.whichB.whomC.whoD.that24.Itwasin1969__________theAmericanastronautsucceededinlandingonthemoon.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.inwhich25.Hehastwosons,__________workaschemists.A.twoofwhomB.bothofwhomC.bothofwhichD.allofwhom26.Ihavemanybooks,someof__________areonchemistry.A.themB.thatC.whichD.those27.Idon’tlike__________youspeaktoher.48 A.thewayB.thewayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich28.______ surprised me most was the news ______ our team won.  A.That;that    B.What;which    C.What;that    D.That;which29.This is the only book ______ I want to read.  A.which    B.that    C.what    D.as30、I was about to leave my house   the phone rang. A．while  B． when  C．as   D．after31、They did not stop fighting   there was no enemy left. A．until   B．after   C．when  D．since32、It is five days   we came here. A．when  B．before  C．as   D．since33、It was not long   he got to know it. A．when  B．before  C．after   D．Until34、I was reading a novel    he was watchingTV. A．when  B．while  C．before  D．as35、Put the medicine   you can easily get it. A．so that   B．where  C．which  D．there36、We will go    the Party wants us to go. A．wherever  B．there  C．to the place D．which37、     there is a will there is a way. A．When  B．Where  C．Whether  D．How   38.Afterthreedays’waiting,therewasnodoubtinthemother’smind_______thepolicecouldfindherlostchild.A.how         B.that         C.where       D.whether39.Everythingdependson_____theywillsupportyouaboutit.A.if           B.which         C.whether        D.that40.Aftertenyears,shechangedalotandlookeddifferentfrom___sheusedtobe.A.that      B.whom        C.what        D.who41、    you go , you should bear the motherland in your mind. A．Where  B．Wherever C．Whatever  D．However 42、It was     he was ill that he was absent yesterday. A．because  B．as    C．since   D．now that43、“Why can’t you do it now?”“  I’m too busy.” A．Since  B．As    C．Because   D．For 44、 everybody is here, Let’s begin our meeting. A．Now that  B．Because   C．For    D．When45、They worked hard    they finished their work ahead of time. A．so   B．so that   C．such    D．so as to46、He was  weak    he couldn’t stand up. A．such, that  B．so, that   C．very, that   D．so, as to47、The house cost  we didn’t buy it. A．so much money that     B．so many money that     C．such much money that    D．such many money that 48、It is        all of us can do it. A．so easy exercise that    B．such easy an exercise      C．such easy exercise     D．so easy an exercise that49、They stopped at Tianjing   they might visit the TV tower. A．so    B．because   C．so that  D．in order50、  it was late , she went on working. A．Though   B．Because  C．Since  D．Whether51、   the pain was bad,    he did not complain. A．Although, but      B．Though, but        C．Though, yet      D．Even, still 52、 telephones, tell him I’m out. A．No matter whoever   B．Who  C．Whoever  D．Anyone53、I’ll tell him about it    I see him. A．as soon as  B．so soon as C．while    D．as54、I had hardly sat down    the telephone rangA．than    B．when  C．as     D．after55Youwillsucceedintheend____yougiveuphalfway.A.evenif                 B.asthoughC.aslongas                D.unless56._____Isuggest,healwaysdisagrees.A.However                  B.WhateverC.Whichever                  D.Whoever57._____shegoes,therearecrowdsofpeoplewaitingtoseeher.A.Wherever                 B.HoweverC.Whichever                 D.Whoever58.IthoughtshewastheverygirlthatIshouldmarry_______Imether.48 A.firsttime                   B.forthefirsttimeC.thefirsttime              D.bythefirsttime59.Don’tplaybytheriver_______youfallinanddrown!A.incase                    B.sothatC.inorderthat                D.when60.________thegrandparentslovethechildren,theyarestrictwiththem.A.While                    B.AsC.Since                       D.Because十五简单句【要点提示】1、感叹句：感叹句有两个基本句式句式：1）What+N.phrase+subject+be/v.!这里的名词短语有以下三种可能：a、a/an+adj.+名词单数b、adj.+名词复数c、adj.+不可数名词e.g.Whatalovelyboyheis!Whatsweetflowerstheyare!Whatcoldweatheritis!2)How+adj.+the+N.(单数、复数、不可数)+subject+be/link-v.e.g.Howlovelytheboyis!Howsweettheflowersare!Howcouldtheweatheris!Howsmooththesilkfeels!另：上两种感叹句可以相互转换有时,在上下文明确的情况下，可以省略How后面的形容词。e.g.How(fast/well)thestudentswork!Howwell/beautifully)shesings!2、反意疑问句：1)反意疑问句一般遵循：前面肯定，反意部分否定、前面否定反意部分肯定的原则。e.g.Helikesplayingfootball,doesn’the?Youdon’twatchTVintheevening,doyou?注：a、当前否后肯时，要注意它的答局的意思。e.g.Shedoesn’tspeakEnglish,doesshe?Yes,shedoes.(不，她讲英语的)No,shedoesn’t.(是的，不讲)2）祈使句的反意部分用won’tyou?/shan’twe?或willyou?/shallwe?但常用willyou?/shallwe?e.gLendmeahand,willyou?Letuspassthroughtheroom,willyou?Don’tmakeanynoise,willyou?Let’splaytennisnow,shallwe?3）含有否定意思的副词：hardly、no、not、never、seldom、little、scarcely等，属于准否定词，用于句中时，该句即为否定句。e.g.HehardlygoeshomeonSundays,doeshe?Thelittleboyseldomtellslies,doeshe?但是像unfair、useless、impossible、dislike等词，虽然也有否定意思，但由于它们是在一个词前加前缀dis-/im-/un-等或在词后加后缀-less构成的，不属于准否定词。当这些词用于句中时，该句并不是否定句，即：反意部分仍用否定式。e.g.Youdislikethewayhespeaks,don’tyou?Itisimpossibletofinishtheworkinthreehours,isn’tit?4)must表示推测时，反意部分用must后面的动词的相应助动词形式。e.g.HemustknowbothEnglishandFrench,doesn’the?Shemusthaveknowtheanswertothequestion,hasn’tshe?Theymusthavevisitedthefarmlastweek,didn’tthey?注意：a、Letme引起的祈使句，反意部分用willyou?/won’tyou?/mayI。b、当陈述部分主语是：—body或—one构成的不定代词时，反意部分的主语用he或they；是—thing时，用it。c、Iam…..的反意部分用aren’tI?3、双宾语：有些英语动词可以接双宾语，句式为：subject+vt.+sb.(间接宾语)+sth.（直接宾语）英语中，能接双宾语的常用动词有：ask、promise、cause、play、leave、make、do、bring、buy、reach、order、teach、offer、serve、show、tell、wish….。e.g.CanIaskyouaquestion,Sir?Shemademeamodelshipformybirthday.注：带双宾语的句子可以被改为subject+vt.+sth(直接宾语)+介词+sb.的形式。其中的介词，常用的有：to、for、of….。归纳如下：handowepaypostpromisereadreturnsendshowteach…sth.tosb.boilbuydrawchooseearnfindgatherordersavesing…sth.forsb.askrequestdemandsth.of/fromsb.另还有：playajoke/trickonsb;playagamewith/againstsb.e.g.Excuseme,youdemandtoomuchfrom/ofme.MayIaskaquestionofyou?4、句型：Subject+link-v.+n./adj.在该句型中的系动词有特定含义，有“人称、数、时态”等形式变化。常用的有：显得：look,appear,seem48 变得：become,come,fall,get,go,grow,run,turn持续是：continue,keep,remain,stand,stay听（闻、尝、摸）起来：sound,smell,taste,feel证明是：provee.g.Hiswordsprovedright.Thedishsmellswonderful.5、有些动词不表示动作，而表示事物的特性，用主动形式表示被动含义，这类动词有：wash,write,sell,drive,feel,hang….等。e.g.Somepicturesarehangingonthewall.Thiskindofcardrivesmoothandfast.Thepenwriteswellsosellswell.十六、习惯用法【要点点拨】1.It’sthefirsttimethat……….(从句中用现在完成时)Itwasforthefirsttimethat………(强调句，对状语forthefirsttime进行强调)It’s(high)timethat……..(从句中用过去时或shoulddo)2.It’sthesamewithsb./Soitiswithsb.表示某人也如此（用于前句中既有肯定又有否定或两个不同类的谓语动词）3.…beabouttodo/bedoing……when…….正要做/正在做……就在那时…….3.Aistwice/threetimesas+原级+asB;Aistwice/threetimesthen.ofB.;Aistwice/threetimes+比较级+thanB5.It’sawasteoftime/moneydoing/todo…….It’snouse/gooddoing………It’spossible/probable/(un)likelythat……….Itmakesgreat/nosensetodo……做某事很有/没意义6.There’snouse/gooddoing…….;There’snosense/point(in)doing……Thereisnoneedforsth./todo…….;Thereis(no)possibilitythat…………（同位语从句）7.The+比较级……..,the+比较级………越……..,越…….9(注意：前半句为从句，用一般现在时代替将来时)；8.Itseems/appears(tosb.)thatsb….在某人看来某人….=Sb.seems/appearstobe/todo/tobedoing/tohavedone……..Itseems/looksasif…….好象/似乎…..9.It(so)happenedthatsb.……..某人碰巧……..=Sb.happenedtobe/todo/tobedoing/tohavedone…..10.Itissaid/thought/believed/hoped/supposed….thatsb…=Sb.issaidtobe/todo/tobedoing/tohavedone….(注意：这种句型里如带动词hope则不能变成简单句，因为无hopesb.todo结构)12…….such…….that…….如此…….以致于（引导结果状语从句）…….such……..as……像……..的这种……(as为关系代词，引导定语从句，在从句里充当主、宾、表)13.DoyoumindifIdosth.?/WouldyoumindifIdidsth.?14.Thechanceisthat……../(The)Chancesarethat……….很可能…….15.Check/Makesure/Seetoit/Seethat……..(从句中常用一般现在时)确信/务必……..16.dependonitthat……..取决于seetoitthat…….负责/设法做到…….注意：除了except/but/in等介词可以直接接that从句，其它介词后必须用it做形式宾语；17．Itis/was+介词短语/从句/名词/代词等+that………How/When/Where/Whyis/wasitthat………..?注意：此句型为强调句，当被强调的为表示人的词时，还可用who连接；强调主语时，从句后的谓语动词应与前面的主语保持一致；注意与定语从句的区别）18.Howisitthat……..（这几个句型都表示“怎么会…….?”“怎么发生的？”）Howcome+从句？Howdoes/didsth.comeabout?(Howdiditcomeaboutthat…….?)如:Howcomeyouarelateagain?19.Thereseems/appears/happenstobe/mustbe/can’tbe/is(are,was,were)saidtobe/is(are,was,were)thoughttobe….表示“.似乎有/碰巧有/一定有/不可能有/据说有/认为有……..”介词（如of）therebeingwant/wish/expecttheretobe要/希望/期待有……..adj./adv.enoughfortheretobe…….足够…….会有…….注意：therebeing/theretobe为therebe的非谓语形式；Itissaid/thoughtthatthereis/are……=Thereis/was/are/weresaid(thought)tobe…….如：Ihaveneverdreamoftherebeingsuchagoodchanceforme.Itwon’tbecoldenoughfortheretobeafrosttonight.48 20.疑问词+插入语+陈述语序？Whodoyouthinkhe’llhaveattendthemeeting?21.Butfor+n./pron.,sb./sth.would(not)havedone…..要不是…….,某人早就……(表示虚拟语气)=Ifithadnotbeenfor…..,……./Iftherehadnotbeen…….,……..22.Itwon(’t)belongbefore+从句（从句中用一般现在时）不久/很久就要…….Itwas(not)longbefore+从句（从句中用一般过去时）不久/很久才……..23.Thosewho………….(从句及主句中谓语动词用复数形式).Anyonewho…………=Whoever………..(从句及主句中谓语动词用单数形式)24…….主句（一般现在时或过去时）…...when从句….(might/shoulddo或might/shouldhavedone)表示”对比”,意思为“本该……(可)而却”,主句中为陈述语气,从句里为虚拟语气,如:Whyareyouherewhenyoushouldbeinschool?你本该上学的怎么在这儿?Hestoppedtryingwhenhemighthavesucceeded.本该已成功了他却停止努力了.25.Thereis./Sb.havenodoubtthat………(同位语从句,that不可省略)Thereis/Sb.havesomedoubtwhether…..(同位语从句不可用if);Sb.doubtif/whether….;Sb.don’tdoubtthat…26.immediately/directly/instantly/themoment+从句;on/upon+n./doingNosoonerhadsb.donethan…….(过去时);Hardlyhadsb.donewhen……..(过去时)注意：这几个结构都表示“一…….就”；27.everytime/eachtime/thelasttime/thefirsttime/nexttime+从句（名词性短语引导一个时间状语从句）anywhere/everywhere+从句（相当于wherever引导的地点状语从句）Youcangoanywhereyoulike.Nexttimeyoucome,pleasebringyoursonalong.28.Ifonly/Iwish+从句(用过去类时态)表示虚拟语气,“要是…….就好了”“但愿……就好了!”29.Considering+n.或pron.或that从句/Seeingthat……….考虑到/鉴于…….Given+n./pron作状语,表示“在有……的情况下”“如果有”“假定”,有时也表示”考虑到”Seeing(that)herefusedtohelpus,thereisnoreasonwhyweshouldhelphimnow.Givengoodhealth,Ihopetofinishtheworkthisyear.Giventheirinexperience/thattheyareinexperienced,they’vedoneagoodjob.30.Therewasatimewhen…….曾经有那么一度……….31.otherthan与no,not,none等否定词连用,表示肯定意思,如:ItwasnoneotherthanMr.Smith.这正是Smith先生.32.Notuntil…….did/do/does/willsb.do……;Itwas/isnotuntil……thatsb………33.It’s(un)likesb.todo/tohavedone……做某事很像某人/做某事可不像某人34.ItremainstobeseenWh--words……..是否…….还有待于看.(不用that,if作连接词)35.Itonlyremainsforsb.todo……剩下的只是要某人做某事.We’vegoteverythingready.Itonlyremainsforyoutocometodinner.36.Onemoment…….,andnow………刚才一会儿还在做……而现在却……..37.Notall/both/everyone………表示部分否定38.Suchis/are……..这(些)就是…….(谓语动词单复数由后面名词决定)39.I’drather(not)do/havedone……我宁愿…..I’drather+从句（从句中用过去时或过去完成时）40.It’simportant/necessary/strange/surprising….+that……(用陈述语气或shoulddo)41.Ilike/hate/appreciateitthat/when等从句(it表示后面从句的这种情况)Iappreciateitifyouwillgivemeahand.42.Bythetime+从句（一般现在时/过去时），主句（将来完成时/过去完成时）43……….,asisoftenthecasewithsb./asisusualwithsb.(as引导非限制性定语从句)44incase/lest/forfearthat…….(从句中用陈述语气或shoulddo)45.While置于句首可表示Aslongas或AlthoughWhilethereislifethereishope.WhileIadmithisgoodpoints,Icanseehisbadones.46.cannot(never)……too+adj.(adv.)/adj.(adv.)+enough“越……越好”“非常”too+adj.(anxious/eager/willing/ready/glad等)+todo….表示肯定意思Ican’tthankyouenough.我非常感激你.Hewastoogladtoseehisfather.=Hewasverygladtoseehisfather.48 47.not/neve等表示否定的词与比较级连用表示最高级，如：-----Doyouagreewithhissuggestion?-------Ican’tagreemore.48.Whatif……..要是…….怎么办？Whatifhedoesn’tcometomorrow?49.more……..than与其…….不如……..Heismorenervousthanfrightened.50.Itis/hasbeen+一段时间+since从句(从句中如为延续性动词,则实际表示的意思相反)Itistwoyearssincehedrank.他不喝酒已两年了.十七、交际用语易错常考的日常交际用语1.问候和应答A:Howareyoudoing?B:Fine,thankyou./Justso-so.A:Pleaseremembermetoyourparents.B:Sure,Iwill.2.介绍和应答A:ThisisMr./Mrs./Miss/MsBrown.B:Hello!/Howdoyoudo?/Nicetomeetyou!3.告别Seeyou(later)!/Goodnight!(cf.Goodevening!)/Niceseeingyou.4.感谢和应答A:Manythanks!/Thanksforyourhelp!/Iappreciateyourhelp!B:That’sallright(OK)./Youarewelcome./Don’tmentionit./It’sapleasure./Mypleasure.(cf.Withpleasure.用于回答对方的求助、邀请)5.道歉和应答A:I’msorry.B:That’sallright(OK.)./Itdoesn’tmatter./Nevermind./That’snothing./Forgetit.6.邀请和应答A:Wouldyouliketo...?B:Yes,I"dloveto./Yes,withpleasure./Yes,it"sverykind(nice)ofyou./I"dloveto,butIhaveotherplans.7.请求允许和应答A:CouldIsmokehere?/IwonderifIcouldsmokehere.B:Yes(Certainly)./Yes,doplease./Ofcourseyoumay./That"sOK(allright)./I"msorry,butitisnotallowed/You"dbetternot.A:DoyoumindifIopenthewindow?B:Notatall./Ofcoursenot./Certainlynot./I’msorry,butyou’dbetternot.8.祝愿、祝贺和应答A:Goodluck!/Bestwishestoyou./Haveanice/goodtime./Congratulations!/Haveagoodjourney.!B:Thankyou.A:HappyNewYear!/MerryChristmas!/Happybirthdaytoyou.B:Thesametoyou.9.提供帮助和应答A:CanIhelpyou?/Wouldyoulikesomehelp?B:Thanks.Thatwouldbenice/Yes,please./No,thankyouall(just)thesame./No,thankyouanyway./That"sverykindofyou,butIcanmanageitmyself.A:WhatcanIdoforyou?B:I’dliketogototheNo.3MiddleSchool.10.约会A:Shallwemeetat4:30?/Let’smakeit4:00.B:Allright.Seeyouthen.11.打电话A:Hello!MayIspeaktoTom?B:Holdon,please.A:IsthatMaryspeaking?B:Sheisn"thererightnow.CanItakeamessageforyou?12.就餐A:Wouldyoulikesomemoremeat?/Helpyourselftosomemoremeat.B:Thankyou.I"vehadenough./Justalittle,please.13.看病A:What’sthematter?/Whatseemstobethetrouble?B:Idon’tfeellikeeating./I"vegotacough./Ifeelterrible（bad）./Idon"tfeelwell./I"vegotapainhere./Ithurtshere.14.购物A:WhatcanIdoforyou?/May(CanI)helpyou?B:I"dliketobuyadictionary.A:Howaboutthisone?B:That"sfine.I"lltakeit.15.问路和应答A:Excuseme.Where"sthewashroom?/Excuseme,canyoutellmethewaytothepostoffice?48 B:Godownthisstreet.Turnright/leftatthesecondcrossing.Sorry,Idon’tknow.Iamastrangerhere.16.谈论天气A:What"stheweatherliketoday?/How"stheweatherinBeijing?B:It"sfine/cloudy/windy/rainy,etc./It"sratherwarm(cold/hot).today,isn"tit?17.处理交际中的障碍Pardon.!/Ibegyourpardon./Pleasesaythatagain(moreslowly.)Whatdoyoumeanby….?/I"msorryIcan"tfollowyou.18.提醒注意Youcan’t(mustn’t)smokehere./Nosmoking!/Wetpaint!/Mindyourhead(step)/Takecare!/Becareful!/Lookout!19.同意和不同意Certainly/Sure/Ofcourse./Yes,please./That"sagoodidea./IagreeNo,Idon"tthinkso./I"mafraidnot./Ireallycan"tagreewithyou./Noway(决不,没门)20时间或日期和应答A:Whattimeisitnow?/What"sthetime?B:It"saboutthree.A:Whatdayisittoday?B:It"sWednesday.A:Excuseme.Haveyougotthetime?B:Yes,it"ssixtwenty.十八动词搭配481.addto增加，增进add…to把…加进…addup相加addupto总计，所有这一切说明1)Idon"tthinkthesefactswill________anything.2)Fiftynewbookshavebeen________thelibrary.3)Themusic_________ourenjoymentofthefilm.4)Youmusthavemadeamistakewhenyou_______thebill________.(addupto,addedto,addto,added…up)2.breakawayfrom打破，脱离，挣脱，改掉breakdown出毛病，身体(精神)衰弱，分解，拆开breakoff暂停，中断breakin强行进入，插话breakinto闯入breakintopieces成为碎片breakout爆发breakup捣碎，驱散，瓦解，学期结束，拆散breakthrough突破1)Thecriminalmanagedtobreak_____________thepoliceandranintothewoods.2)Whenheheardthenews,hebroke_______andcried.3)Don"tbreak________whileothersarespeaking.4)Whydon"tyoubreak________forafewminutesandhavesomecoffee?5)Whendoesschoolbreak________?6)Afterharvestwebreak_________thesoilwithatoolpulledbytwooxen.(awayfrom,down,in,off,up,up)3.bringup抚养，呕吐，提出bringabout造成bringout拿出，出版bringin引入，引进，挣钱bringback使回想起bringdown使下降，使倒下1)Theshopkeeperbroughthisprice_________toonlyfivedollars.2)Theschoolhasbrought_________newforeignteacherstoteachoralEnglish.3)Thesongbrought___________happymemoriesofourschooldays.4)Doyouknowwhatbrought___________thismisunderstanding?5)Thekindoldmanagreedtobring__________theyoungorphan.6)Wedecidedtobringthematter___atthenextmeeting.7)Thewindbrought_______alotoftreeslastnight.8)Nextmonththeywillbring________aneweditionofthebook.(down,in,back,about,up,up,down,out)4.callon号召，拜访（某人）callat拜访、参观（某地）callfor去叫某人,要求,需要callup使回忆起,征召入伍callin召集，请某人来callout大喊，高叫calloff取消，不举行1)Doctorsareoftencalled_____inthemiddleofthewar.2)Pleasewaitformeathome.I"llcall_______youatyourhouseatseventonight.3)Thetrainscalls_______severalbigcitiesbetweenBeijingandGuangzhou.4)Hecalledhername__________,butshedidn"tanswer.5)Thesportsmeetwascalled____onaccountoftherain.(in,for,at,out,off)48 5.comeabout发生，出现comedown下跌，落，降，传下来comein进来comeinto(sight/being/existence/use/notice/effect)comeon来临/快点comeout出版，结果是comealong一道来，赶快cometo达到(anend/anagreement/astop)苏醒，合计，总共是comeover走过来comeup发芽，走近comeacross偶然碰到comeback回想起comefrom来自，源自1)Icome_________thebookIlentyoulastmonth.2)Howdiditcome_________thatyoubothgotlost?Ithoughtyouhadamap.3)Itsuddenlycame_________tomewhereIhadseentheboybefore.4)Come__________now,orelseweshallbelate.5)Hecame__________melikeatiger.6)Thepriceofpetrolhascome_________sincethebeginningofthisyear.7)Thewordcame__________usemanyyearsago.8)Whentheexaminationresultcame_________,hehadalreadygotajob.9)Thebillcame__________overathousanddollars.10)Isowedtheseedsoveramonthago,buttheyhaven"tcome__________yet.(for,about,back,on,at,down,into,out,to,up)6.cutacross抄近路cutdown砍倒，削减cutoff切断，割掉，断绝关系cutup连根拔除，切碎through剪断，凿穿cutout删（省）掉，戒掉cutin插嘴1)Don"tcut___thistree.Itwillbeveryshadyinsummer.2)Youmustcut________thenumberofcigarettesyousmoke,oritwillcauseillness.3)Wedecidedtocut_________themoor（旷野）tothevillage.4)Cuttingthetree____meanscuttingthetreeintopieces.5)Theelectricitywascut___________whentheladyrefusedtopaythebill.6)WewerehavingapleasantconversationwhenTomcut__________.（down,down,across,up,off,in）7.dieof(disease/hunger/grief/oldage)死于（疾病，饥饿，寒冷，情感原因）diefrom死于（意外事故、情形）dieaway渐渐消逝dieout绝种diedown(炉火)渐熄dieoff逐一死去8.fallbehind落后falloverone"sfeet跌跤falldown掉下，跌倒fallback撤退，后退1)Babiesoftenfall_____whentheyarelearningtowalk.2)Ourteamseemstohavefallen__________theothers.3)Assoonastheenemiesfell__________,thepeoplereturnedtotheirvillage.4)Shefell__________thebenchandhadherlegbroken.（down,behind,back,over）9.goinfor从事，喜爱，参加gothrough通过，经受goover复习，检查goup（价格）上涨，建造起来goafter追捕，追赶goagainst违反goahead先行，开始吧，问吧，说吧goaway离开goby时间过去godown下沉，降低，（日、月）西沉goon(with)继续进行gowith相配，陪同gowithout没有，缺少goout外出，熄灭goallout全力以赴gooff爆炸，进行，变坏，断电，停止供应gobackon背约，食言gobeyond超出1)Manynewfactorieshavegone__inthepastfewyears.2)Rentshavegone__________greatlyrecently.3)Manyyearshavegone___________sincewefirstmet.4)Let"scontinueourjourneyuntilthesungoes_______.5)Hisactionswent___________thewillofthepeople,6)Ican"tdoit,foritgoes___________myduty.7)Over100studentswent____________thisentranceexamination.8)Thebombwent____________andkilledtenpeople.9)Thebuyerwent___________thecarcarefullybeforereachingadecision.10)Thistiedoesn"tgo___________myblueshirt.11)Ifyouthinkyoucansolvetheproblem,go______.12)Manystudentswent__________playingbasketball.(up,up,by,down,against,beyond,through,off,over,with,ahead,infor)10.getdown下来，记下，使沮丧48 getdownto致力于，专心于geton进展，进步，穿上，上车getoff脱下,下车getin收集，插（话）getaway逃跑，逃脱，去休假getover忘记，越过，克服，从疾病中恢复getalongwith进展，相处getup起床getthrough打通电话，完成，通过getround消息传开getclosetosth.接近，几乎getinto(trouble)getto(know)getback取回，收回getout1)ShespokesofastthatIcouldn"tget____whathesaid.2)Wewillfindwaystoget_________difficulties.3)Thestoryhasgot__________,andeveryoneknowsaboutit.4)WhenIget_________withthereport,I"llgotothecinema.5)Afteradeliciousmealthetwomengot__________tobusiness.6)Don"talwaysget__________awordwhenothersarespeaking.7)Ittookmealongtimetoget___________suchanunpleasantexperience.(down,over,round,through,down,in,over)11.giveaway赠送，泄露，出卖giveout发出，疲劳，分发，公布giveoff发出（光、热、气体）givein(tosb.)屈服giveup放弃，让（座位）1)Hisaccentatlastgavehim__________.2)Theliquidgave________astrongsmell.3)Theheadmastergave___________thenamesoftheprize-winners.4)Thesoldiersgave_________thetowntotheenemies.5)Whowillhelpmetogivethebooks___________?6)Don"tbelieveinthosewhogivehisfriends________.7)Afteralongwalk,mystrengthgave____________.(away,off,out,up,out,away,out)12.handin交上，提交handout分发handdown流传，遗传13.hangabout闲逛hangup挂电话14.holdback阻止，隐瞒holdup举起，使停顿holdon别挂电话，等，坚持holdout持续，坚持，伸出holddown控制，镇压1)I"msureheisholdingsomething_________.2)Shemanagedtohold______heremotionuntilherguestshadleft.Thenshecried.3)Tellhimtohold________amoment.I"llcomesoon.4)Ourfoodsupplywon"thold_________formorethanafewdays.5)Thetrainwasheld________asaresultofthefloods.6)Thesemeasureshelpedtohold___________thecity"spopulation.7)Hold___________yourleftarm,please.(back,back,on,out,up,down,up)15.keepup(courage,English,spirits)保持，keepupwith跟上keepoff(grass)不接近，离开keepawayfrom避开，不接近，离…远远的keepoutofkeepto(rules,promise)坚持，遵守keepon继续，坚持下来keepback阻止，留下，隐瞒，扣下keepfrom克制，阻止1)Theangryladytoldthestrangerstokeep________fromher.2)Icanhardlykeep________mytearsafterhearinghiswords.3)Onlypridekepther__________burstingintotears.4)Icanscarcelykeep__________askinghimwhathehasdone.5)"Don"ttouchme,"screamedthewoman,"Keep__________!"6)Keep_________untilyousucceed.7)Keep_________yourcourage,andyou"llsucceedintheend.8)Thethickcoatcankeepthecold___________.9)Alwaystrytokeep___________theruleswhenyouplayagame.10)Ican"tkeep________witheverythingyou"redoing.(away,back,from,from,off,on,up,out,to,up)16.knockat/on敲knockinto撞到某人身上knockdown撞倒knockoutof把…敲出knockover撞倒knockoff停止工作，休息1)Theboxersoonknockedhisopponent_________.2)Theofficestuffknocks_________atsixeveryday.3)Tryknocking__________thewindowandseeifthereisanyoneindoors.4)Hewassoabsorbedinhisbookthatheknocked__________thecarparkedthere.48 (down,off,on,into)17.leavefor离开前往leaveout删去，遗漏leavebehind遗留,忘记拿走leaveto留给，遗嘱赠于leaveover遗留，剩下，延期1)"Whosenamehasbeenleft__________?"demandedtheteacher.2)Whenhedied,heleftallhisproperty_____hisniece.3)Hesuddenlyrealizedthathehadlefthisumbrella___________.4)Don"tleavethismatter_________untiltomorrow.5)Leavesomemeat___________fortomorrow.6)Thosearequestionsleft_________byhistory.(out,to,behind,over,over,over)18.lookup查找，向上看lookthrough翻阅，浏览lookon旁观lookon…as看作lookinto调查lookafter/at/for照顾/看/寻找lookout(for)当心lookabout/around/round四下查看lookdownupon瞧不起lookbackupon回忆，回顾lookab.upanddown仔细打量某人lookabintheface/eyes直视某人1)Ispenttwohourslooking______thestudents"papers.2)Look_______!Thereisabigholeinfront.3)Hetookpartinthegame,andtherestofusjustlooked______andcheeredforhim.4)Theoldmanlooked_____uponthedaysofhisyouth.5)Shewassosnobbish（势利）thatshelooked__________uponallhisneighbours.6)Thepolicepromisedtolook__________thecaseassoonaspossible.7)Helooked__________butsawnobody,andhelistenedbuthearnothing.(through,out,on,back,down,into,about/around/round)19.makeup编造，配制，打扮，组成makeupfor弥补makeinto/of/from制成makeout弄懂，发现，看出,填写，开列（清单）makefor走向，驶往，促使1)Canyoumakethislengthofcloth__________asuit?2)Iaskedthedriverifhewasmaking___________London?3)Myfathermade__________acheckformetobuythecamera.4)Wemustmaketheloss_________nextweek./Hetriedhardtomake________forthedamagehehaddone.5)Hemade__________astory,whichIfoundhardtobelieve.6)Someoneiscoming,butIcan"tmake___________whoitis.(into,for,out,up/up,up,out)20.passaway去世passby经过passdown(on)…to传给passthrough经历passover漠视，忽视1)Theoldclockhasbeenpassed________tomefrommygrandfather"sgrandfather.2)Themanpassed___________lastweekinpeace.3)Wearepassing____________difficulttimes.4)Thesecretarypassed___________thedetailsinthefirstpartofhisreport.(down,away,through,over)21.payback还钱，报复payfor付钱，为…受到惩罚，因…得到报应payoff还清1)Howmuchdidyoupay__________thedictionary?2)Youshouldpay_________themoneyyouborrowedfromme.3)I"llpayhim____________forallhiscrimes(罪行)againstme.4)Someday,you"llpay__________whatyouhavedonetoday.5)Hasshepay____________thedebtyet?（for,back,back,for,off）22.pickup拾起，获得(information)，接人，站起，收听，自然习得(language/knowledge)，恢复重获(pickuphealth)pickout挑选，辨认，看出1)Ipickedtheinformation__________whilewaitinginthequeue.2)Myfriendhasarrangedtopickme_________at6:00.3)Thepatienthaspicked_________healthduringthelasttwoweeks.4)Shepicked_______themostexpensivepairofshoes.5)Ican"tpickJohn___________inthecrowd.6)CanIpick__________VOAwiththisshort-waveradio?7)Hefelldownsuddenly,butpickedhimself___________quickly.(up,up,up,out,out,up,up)pickcotton/flower/leaves/words选词23.putup搭起，张贴，举起，安装，投宿，安排住下putupwith忍受putout伸出，扑灭48 putoff推迟putinto放进，翻译putaway放好，存钱putdown记下，平息puton穿戴，上映，增加(putonweight/speed)putforward提出，提前putthrough接通电话putaside放到一边putback放回1)Heput_________halfhiswageeveryweek.2)Thegovernmentsoonput__________therevolt（暴乱）.3)Putyourwatch__________.It"sslow.4)Heput__________hishandformetoshake.5).Pleaseputme__________toExtension（分机）2.6)Weput___________fornightatthevillageinn.7)Heisveryproud,andheoftenput_________airs.（摆架子）8)Wehadatelephoneput_____________inouroffice.9)Ican"tput__________withyourlaziness.(away,down,forward,out,through,up,on,up,up)24.pulldown拆掉，推翻pullon匆匆穿上/off脱pullin进站pullout取出,(火车)离站pulldown往下拉,拆毁pullover驶到一边pullthrough恢复健康,渡过难关,脱离险境pullup（使）停住1)Thetrainslowlypulled__________anddisappearedinthedistance.2)Alltheoldhousesherehavenowbeenpulled______,andnewonesaretobebuilt.3)Thecarpulled_________whenIblewthehorn.4)Thedoctorthinksthemanwillpull__________.5)Thedriverpulled________atthetrafficlights.(out,down,over,through,up)25.pushover推倒，刮倒pushahead(on,forward)继续前进，坚持下去pushthrough排除困难办好谋事，努力设法通过，挤过1)We"vedecidedtopush__________withourplantobuildanewroad2)Manytreeswerepushed__________inthehurricane.3)Theyweredeterminedtopushthenewrules________atanycost..4)Takecarenottopushthebaby_________.5)Theypushed___________thecrowdandatlastreachedus.(on,over,through,over,through)26.runacross偶然碰到runafter追逐，追捕runaway逃跑runfor竞选runinto偶然碰到（困难）遇见（人），相撞runoutof用完1)Ifyoudrivesofast,you"llrun_________someonesomeday.2)Iran__________afriendofmineintheexhibition.3)Ourwaterhasrun__________.Canyoufillupsomemorebottles?4)Whydoyoualwaysrun__________adventure?5)Hedidn"twanttorun___________presidentthatyear.6)Inthatwayyouwillonlyrun__________difficulties.(into,across/into,out,after,for,into)27.seeoff送行seethrough看透，识破seeto照料，照管28.sendfor派人去请sendoff送行sendout发出（光亮）等sendup发射29.setup建立setoff出发，触发，引起setout动身，着手(todo)，陈述setabout开始着手(doing)settowork(n.)开始做setback拨回，使推迟1)Ishallsetmywatch___________byfiveminutes.2)Weset__________readingthetextaloudimmediatelythebellrang.3)Weset_________atdaybreakyesterdayandwe"vebeentravellingeversincethen.4)Iset__________toadvisehimnottodrink.5)Whatwerethereasonsheset___________inhisreport?6)Thepresidentset__________aspecialgroupofsoldierstoguardhim.7)Theunpopularlawset_________aseriesofprotests.（抗议）(back,about,off/out,out,out,up,off)30.takeoff脱掉，起飞takeon呈现雇佣takeaway拿走takein吸收，领会takeup从事，占用（时间空间）takedown记录，取下takeback收回takefor误认为takealong随身带takeover接管takeout1)Itake_________allIsaidabouthisdishonesty.2)Hewenttotheshelfandtook__________abookofpoems.3)AtfirstItookhim_________adoctor.4)Icanseethatmostofyouhavetaken________everythingthattheteachertaught.5)Billhasnowtaken__________hisfather"sbusiness.6)Myjobtakes__________mostofmytime.7)Thebosstook____________twentypeopleforhis48 newcompany.(back,down,for,in,over,up,on)takechargeof负责,takesth.forgranted想当然,takeholdof抓住,takepridein以………为自豪,taketheplaceof,代替taketurnstodo轮流做,takeoffice就职31.thinkof想起thinkof…as把…看作thinkout想出thinkup想出thinkabout考虑thinkover仔细考虑thinkwellofsb.对某人看法好32.turnoff/on打开turnover翻身，反复考虑，翻（书页），翻转turnout证明为，结果，制造成品turnto转向，求助turndown调低，拒绝turnagainst变得敌视，反对turnaway打发走，驱逐，转过脸去turnback返回，转回去turnround转过身来turnup向上翻，露面，出现，音量调大turnin上缴turnupsidedown把倒置，弄得乱七八糟1)Thechildturned__________itsmotherforcomfort.2)Turn___________andletmeseeyourface.3)Howevermuchheturnedtheproblem________inmind,hecouldfindnosatisfactorysolution.4)TheEnglisheveningpartyturned_________agreatsuccess.5)Thesightoftheaccidentwastoomuchforhertobear,andsheturned_______.6)Thefootballstadiumwasfull,andmanypeoplehadtobeturned__________.7)Thearmyturnedhim___________onaccountof(因为)hispoorhealth.8)Sheturnedthewholehouse___________inhersearchforhermissingpurse.9)Wheredidyourpurseturn____________?Ifounditinthesnow.10)Thevillagerssuddenlyturned__________theforeignerswholivednearby.11)Thefactoryturns____________2000newcarslastyear.(to,round,over,out,away,away,down,upsidedown,up,against,out)48