初中英语语法专块总复习 49页

备战英语中考总动员(1)专题一：名词一、名词的复数：1)名词变复数的规则形式1).—•般情况下直接加sbook一一bookscup-…cups2).以辅咅字母+y结尾的，先变丫为「再加cs.city-…citiesfamily…families3).以s、x^sh、ch结尾的加es.busbuseswishwisheswatchwathes4).以o结尾的多数加S初小阶段只有三个单词加es.tomatotomatoespotatopotatoesheroheroes5).以f、fe结尾的，先把f、彳6变<再加es.leaf^—leavesself—selvesshelf-—shelveslife-■一livesthief^—thieves2)少数名词的复数形式是不规则的。man——menwoman■一womenchild——childrenfootfeettooth—teethmouse―miceox—oxen3)单数和复数形式相同。deer■一deerfish——fishsheep-・・・sheepChinese-■一ChineseJapanese—Japanese4)某国人的复数。1).屮、H不变。Chinese——ChineseJapanese■一Japanese2).英、法变。Englishman——EnglishmenFrenchman——Frenchmen3).其余s力口后jfli。American—AmericansGerman•-GermansAustralian-Australians二、不可数名词：1.不可数名词：1).不能直接用数字表数量2).不能直接加a或an3).没有复数形式4).可用some、any、lotsof、plentyof、much修饰5).可用"量词短语”表示2.不口J数名词的数量的表示方法：al数字+量词+of+不可数名词apieceofpaperacupofteaaglassofmilk三、名词的所有格：1)"s所有格。l).用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示共有关系时，这时只在最后一个名词后加"sTThisis(MaryandLily)bedroom.li).用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示各有关系时，这时分别在每个名词后加"siTheseare(TomandJack)schoolbags.lii).以s结尾的名词,变所有格时在s后加不以s结尾的复数名词,仍加VTeachers"DayChildren"sDayliii).表示店铺、医院、诊所、住宅等名称时，常在名词后加M代表全称。atthedoctor"sattheBob"sliv).illsome>any、no、every与one、body结合的复合不定代词something、anything等和else连用时，所有格应加在else的后面。Thisis(somebodyelse)pencil. l).表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的名词，也nJ在词尾加,s來构成所冇格。anhour"sridetwoweeks*timeChina"scapital2.of所有格：a).of用來表示无生命的名词所有格。themapofChinathedooroftheroom 1).双重所有格：of+名词所何格of+名词性的物住代词Heisafriendofmy(brother).Issheadaughterof(you)?四、名词作句子成分：a)名词作主语1).表示时间、金钱、距离作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Twohours(be)enoughforustogetthere.2).量词短语“数字+量词+of+..：作主语时，谓语动词应与量词保持一致。Apairofshoes(be)underthebed.Twopiecesofpaper(be)onthedesk.3).名词+介词(with、except、alongwith)+名词作主语时,谓语动词应与前面的名词保持一致。Theteacherwiththestudents(be)plantingtreesonthehill.4).短语“neither...nor...、either...or...>notonly...butalso...”连接主语时，谓语动词实行就近原则。NeitherhenorI(be)aFrenchman.b)名词作定语：1..名词作定语时，一般用单数形式Thereisashoefactoryneartheschool.2..名词作定语时，个别悄况用复数形式。(sport)Thesportsmeetingwillbeheldnextweek.3..man>woman作定语表示性别时，man、woman随后而的名词单复数而变。onemanteachertwowomenteachers专题二：冠词的用法考査重点冠词的考查重点包括不定冠词a和an的用法，定冠词the的用法和零冠词的用法等。一・a和an的区别不定冠词有a和an两种形式，a用于辅音(不是辅音字母)开头的词前，an用于元咅(不是元音字母)开头的词前。例如：aboy,auniversity,aEuropeancountry;anhour,anhonor,anisland,anelephant,anumbrella,anhonestman,ausefulbook不看字母看读音，不见原因(元音)别施恩(n)二.不定冠词的用法3.泛指某一类人、事或物；相当于any,这是不定冠词a/an的基本川法。Ahorstisananimal4.泛指某人或某物，但不具休说明何人或何物。Agirliswaitingforyou.5.表示数量，有"一5啲意思，但数的概念没有one强烈。Ihaveacomputer.6.表示"每一相当于every.Igotoschoolfivedaysaweek.我一周上五天课。7.用在序数词前，表示"又一"再一Ihavethreebooks.Iwanttobuyafourthone.8.用在某些固定词组中：alot(of),afterawhile,afew,alittle,atatime,haveaswim,haveacold,inahurry,foralongtime,haveagoodtime,havealook三•定冠词的用法1.特指某(些)人或某(些)物，这是定冠词的基本用法。Thebookonthedeskismine 2.指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。A)指上文己经提到的人或事物。Openthewindow,please.Ihaveaca匚Thecarisred.2.指世界上独一无二的事物。3.用在序数词，形容词最高级前。Whichisbigger,thesunortheearth?Thefirstlessonistheeasiestoneinthisbook. 1.用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。theGreatWall长城，theUnitedStates美国2.用在某些形容词前，表示某一类人。thepoor穷人，theblind盲人8用在姓氏复数形式帀j,表示“全家人”或“夫妻俩”。theGreens格林一家或格林夫妻俩9.用在方位词询。ontheleft在左边，inthemiddleof在中间10.用在乐器名称前。Sheplaysthepianoeveryday.11.用在表示海洋，河流，山脉，群岛及国家和党派等名词前。theBlackSea黑海，theYangziRiver长江12.用在某些固定词组中：allthesame仍然；allthetime—总；atthemoment此亥！J；atthesametime同吋；bytheway顺便说；dotheshopping/washing买东西/洗衣服；inthemorning/afternoon/evening在上午/下午/晚上；intheopenair在户外，在野外四•零冠词的用法1•棋类，球类，一日三餐名词前不用任何冠词Playchessplayfootballhavesupper特例：当football,basketball指具体的某个球时，其前可以用冠词：Icanseeafootball我可以看到一只足球。Where?sthefootball?那只足球在哪儿？(指足球，并非“球类运动"")1.季节，月份，星期，节假日名词前不用任何冠词.InJulyinsummeronMondayonTeachers"Day2.人名，地名，国家名前不加冠词BeijingisthecapitalofChina3.学科,语言，称呼，语职务名词前不用冠词Mathishardtolearn4.复数名词表示类别时不加冠词TheyareworkersIlikeeatingapples5.名词前已有物主代词(my,your,his,her等)、指示代词(this/these,that/those)^不定代词(some,any等)及所冇格限制时，不用冠词mybook(JE);mythebook(误)6.在表特定的公园，街道，车站，桥，学校等Z前。No.25MiddleSchool五•用与不用冠词的差异inhospital住院/inthehospital在医院里infrontof在…(夕卜部的)前而/inthefrontof在…(内部的)前面attable进餐/atthetable在桌子旁bysea乘船/bythesea在海边gotoschool(church...)上学(做礼拜…)/gototheschool(church...)到学校(教堂…)去twoofus我们当中的两人/thetwoofus我们两人(共计两人)nextyear明年/thenextyear第二年ateacherandwriter一位教师兼作家/ateacherandawriter位教师和一位作家专题三：代词一.人称代词: 单数复数二格宾格二格宾格笫一人称ImeweUS笫二人称youyouyouyou第三人称it/she/heiVher/himtheythem(we)Chinese.1.主格作主语，宾格作动词或介词的宾语.Heteaches2.三种人称代词并列时，顺序为：单数:二，三,一(You,sheandI)复数:一，二，三(we,youandthey)注:若把责任担，第一人称最当先,（即若做错事时，把第一人称放在最前面.）SheandIhavebeentoBeijing・Whobrokethewindow?1andMike・注：it还有一些特别的用法。1）用作形式主语，常用于uIfs+adj+todosth"句型屮.2）用在句型:"Itseemsthat..."中.3）用在句型:"It"sone"sturntodosth"中.4）用在句型:"It，stimetodosth/forsth”中.5）用在句型：“It"s+adj+that从句"中.6）用作形式宾语，用來代替动词不定式.make/think/feel/find+it+adj（名词）+todosth.二•物主代词.第一•人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数形容词性myouryouryourits/his/hcrtheir名词性mineoursyoursyoursits/his/herstheirs和形容词性的物主代词作定语放在名词前，不能单独使用。**名词性的物主代词，示面不能加名词。名词性的物主代词常与of连用。Ourclassroomisasbigas（they）.Thisisafriendof（my）.注：1）名词性的物主代词相肖于形容词性的物主代词加一个名词.（名词性的物主代词=形容词性的物主代词+名词）2）形容词性的物主代词与own连用时，后而可跟名词也可不跟名词.Myownhouse=ahouseofmyown三•反身代词单数复数笫一人称myselfourselves第二人称yourselfyourselves第三人称himself/herself/itselfthemselves记忆小窍门:反身代词有规律，笫三人称宾格加self.lt余都要物主加self,复数ves來把f替.反身代词的常用搭配：enjoyoneselfhurtoneselfteachoneself=learn...byoneslfallbyoneselfhelponeselfto...lookafteroneselfleavesbbyoneselfloseoneselfin saytooneselfforoneselfdressoneselfimproveoneselfseconeselfinthemirror四•指示代词1.近指：thisthese远指:thatthose2用法：9.thatthose常用来代替前面出现的人或物,以避免重复.That代替可数名词的单数或不可数名词.Those代替复数名词.TheweatherinGuangdongishotterthaninQinghai・Thebooksinthatshoparecheaperthaninthisshop・A.thisB.thatC.oneD.those10.this,that可代替旬了或旬了的一个部分,that代替前面提到的句了而this代替下面提到的句子.Hehadabadcold,thatiswhyhedidn"tcome・3）在电话用语屮,this代替B己，而that代替对方.ThisisTomspeaking.Whoisthat?五•不定代词的区别.Loneit的区别：One代替同类事物中的一种•ifljit代替上文中出现的某事物.Thisbookisagoodone・MayIborrowit?2.some与any的区另!J―般情况下,some用于肯定彳U,any用于否定,疑问句，条件句中.但在表建议的疑问句屮，仍用some代any•常用于could/would/MayJF头或whatabout/howabout....的句中。May1havesomewater?Heaskedmeforsomepaper,butIdidn^thaveany・3.many与much的区别Many+可数名词的复数Much+不可数名词都相当于alotof+复数名词/不可数名词注:alotof不能用于否定句屮.否定句屮用many/much.4.afew/few/alittle/little的区别表否定（儿乎没冇）表肯定（冇一点/儿个）修饰可数名词fewafew修饰不可数名词littlealittleThestoryiseasytoread・therearenewwordsinit・Hurryup!Thereistimeleft・5.each/every的区别each表示两者或两者以上的人或物屮的每一个.而every表示三者或三者以上的人或物中的每一个.Therearetreesandflowersonsideofthestreet・studenthasreadastory・注:each可以与of连用,eachof作主语时，谓语动词用单数.而every不能与of连用贝能放在名词前作定语.Eachofus（study）hard・6.noone与none的区别noone表示没有人，不能与of连用.而noneof+复数名词/代词，作主语时，谓语用单数。Theboyswerealltired,butofthemstoppedtohavearest.7.both/neither/either/all/none/any的区別 都都不任何一个两者之间bothneithereither三者或三者以上allnoneanyTherearemanytreesonsideoftheriver・A.bothB.anyC.eitherD.all注：1).both的否定词是neither,all的否定词是none.4..bothof作主语时，谓语动词用复数.neitherof作主语吋，谓语动词用单数.Neitheroftheanswers(be)right.Bothofmyparents(be)workers.5..词组1.both...and...连接两个主语时，谓语动词用复数•同义词组:notonly...butalso...反义词纟neither...nor…NotonlyyoubutalsoshelikeswatchingTV=youshelikewatchingTV・=YoulikewatchingTV、she.2.either...or...或者或者，neither...nor...既不也不连接两个主语时，谓语动词实行就近原则.Neitheryounorhe(be)right・OneofLilyandLucyisgoingtothepark.=LilyLucygoingtothepark.3.either也可用于否定句中的“也"4.neither也门J表示“也不”句型:neither...sb某人也不怎么样.Ifyoudon"tgothere,I.(我也不去)6.howmany/howmuch的冋答:用none冋答.Who的回答:用noone回答.What的回答:用nothing回答.Howmanystudentsarethereintheclassroom?・Whocananswerthequestion?・A.NoneB.NooneC.Nothing8.other/theother/others/theothers的区别（空）后面没有名词（空）后面有名词有数量限制（特指）theotherstheother没有数量限制（泛指）othersotherft:1）one...theother...表示两者Z间的一个另一个1)some...others..•表示一些一些2)another表示三者以上的不确定数目中的另一个.只能修饰可数名词的单数.但another+数字+复数名词=数字+more+复数名词表示“另外几个……"Wouldyoulikeapple?Ihavetwobrothers,oneisateacher,isaworke匚Somearccleaningtheclassroom,arcsweepingthewindow.Thereare20teachersinourschool.Eightofthemarementeachers,andarewomenteacherseveryone每个，人人，大家不与of连用everyone每个人、物可与of连用 Everyoneofushasseenthefilm・Everyoneshoulddotheirbest・10.复合不定代词.someanynoeverythingsomethinganythingnothingeveiythingonesomeoneanyonenooneeveryonebodysomebodyanybodynobodyeverybody注：1.复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词川单数.2.形容词修饰不定代词时，形容词放在不定代词之示.3.动词不定式修饰不定代词时，动词不定式放在不定代词Z后.4.复合不定代词用于反义疑问句屮，指人的不定代词，其反义疑问句屮的主语用he或they.指物的不定代词，其反义疑问句小的主语川it.1)any‘anything,anyone,anyboby也可用于肯定句中，表示"任何/任何物/任何人”Everything(begin)togrowinspring,?Isthere(一些有趣的事)intoday"snewpaper?Iwantsomething(eat).备战英语中考总动员(2)专题四：数词基数词：表示人或事物数量多少的词.序数词：表示人或事物的顺序的词.基数词.1•棊数词的读法.1)1―12:onetwothreefourfivesixseveneightnineteneleventwelve2)13—19:词尾加［thirteenfourteenfifteensixteenseventeeneighteennineteen3)20,30,40,50,60异0,80,90:逢十词尾加-ty:twentythirtyfortyfiftysixtyseventyeightyninety4)21--99:在十位与个位之间加连字符构成.21-一twenty-one99-一ninety-nine5)101-999:先说几百，再加and，再加末尾两位数或个位数.101•一onehundredandone238-■一twohundredandthirty-eight6)1000以上的数:先将数字从右往左数,每三位数用一个逗号隔开，从右往左第一个逗号表示“千”读thousand笫二个逗号表示“百万”读million第三个逗号表示“十亿”读billion18,657,421eighteenmillion，sixhundredandfifty-seventhousand,fburhundredandtwenty-one.序数词基数词变序数词口诀:基变序，有规律，词尾要加th.—二三，特殊记，词尾分另ljtdd(firstsecondthird)八去t，九去e,ve要用f替.ty变作tie,再加th莫忘记.若遇几十几，只变个位就可以.数词的应用.1)表编号.结构:名词(首字母要人写)+基数词=the+序数词+名词LessonOne=thefirstlesson注：有些编号，—•般仅用第一种表达法。Room101101号房间 1)序数词前一般加定冠词the但序数词前与不定冠词a/an连用时，表示“又一，再一”You"vedoneitthreetimes.Whynottryfourthtime?A.aB.anC.theD./2)数词前加every,表示每/每隔everytendays=everyninthday每十天(每隔九天)注:every+基数词+复数名词=every+(序数词・1)+单数名词4•基数词的复数形式表示年代和年龄1)表示年代:inthe+年份的复数在儿世纪儿十年代.在十九世纪七十年代..2)表年龄:inone^+整十的复数表示在某人几十岁时在他四十岁时:.5.hundred/thousand/million/billion2..若hundred/thousand/million/billion前有基数词时，其后不加s,也不加of.若没有时，既加S也要带of.EveryyearvisitorscometoChina.Therearetwostudentsinourschool.A.thousandB.thousandsC.thousandsofD.thousandof3..若其前有afew、many>several修饰时，通常用复数，后接of.4..若名词前有the修饰时，用单数，后接ofTwothestudentsinourschoolarefromthecountryside.A.hundredB.hundredofC.hundredsofD.hundreds1)儿个半的衣达法：基数词+and+ahalf+名词复数=基数词+名词(单数復数)+and+ahalftwoandahalfhours=twohoursandahalf2)时刻表达法：1)整点：基数词+o"clock2)儿点儿分：2).直接读法：先读小时，后读分钟3:25threetwenty-five3).间接读法：ꃉ㈖督ꡔ�↨뢍S30分钟.分钟+past+小时3：25-…twenty-fivepastthreeꃉ㈖督ꡔ�↨뢍>30分钟.(60■分钟)+to+(小时数+1)3:55—fivetofourꃉ㈖督ꡔ�↨뢍30分钟=half15分钟=aquarter45分钟=threequarters3:30■一halfpastthree3:15-■一aquarterpastthree3:45——aquartertotour3)LI期表达法：结构：1).刀LI,年(日用序数词，年用基数词)注:年份的读法：先读前两位数，再读后两位数.读H时要加the.1900…nineteenhundred2008…twothousandeight2007年3月21H.…Marchthetwenty-first,twothousandandseven.2).口月年(the+序数词+of+月，年)2007年3刀21U…thetwenty-firstofMarch,twothousandandseven.4)分数词的表达法：1).结构:a).分子用基数词，分母用序数词.b).当分子大于1时,分母加复数.3/4—threefourths(three-fourths) 1).注意:1..分数词的几种特殊形式.1/3—nethird=athird1/4—nefourth=aquarter1/2—nesecond=ahalf3/4一threefourths=threequarters2..分数词作主语时，谓语动词根据分数词后面的名词来确定.Twofifthsofthemilk(be)drunkbyTom.Onethirdofthestudents(be)girls.专题五：介词一・介词at/in/on・1)表示时间：1).表示某一具体时间点，某一时刻/年龄atsixo"clockatnoonatthattimeatthemomentattheageofatnight2)in表示时间段，一•天的三个吋间段以及月份，年，李节,世纪，人生的某个吋期(某人儿十岁时)inthemoming/aftemoon/eveninginspring/in2007/inMarch inthetwenty-firstcenturyinhisfifties1)on表示星期几/某一具体的日了/具体某天的上午/下午/晚匕表示一天中的三个时间段名词前有修饰语或后有修饰语时.onMondayonNewYearnsDayonSundaymorningonarainynight2表地点：ontheeveningofApril1st,2007atthecinemaintheclassroom1.at一般指较小的地点或较具体的位置atthestationin表示在鮫大的地点或一个有限空间里.inChinaon指在某物体的表而上.onthedesk注意：写街道时，若有门牌号用at,否则用on/in都可.Helivesat270DongChang"anStreet.二•介词in/on/to表方位：l.in表示A地在B地范围Z内.（包含关系）TanwanisthesoutheastofChina.2.on表示A,B地接壤.（外切关系）HubeiisthenorthofHunan.a)to衣示A,B两地有一定的问距.（外离关系）JapanistheeastofChina.三.between/among在之间1.between:两者之间.在之间.1)among:ffl于三者或三者以上人或物Z间.在……Z中.Yousithimandme.Thesongispopularthestudents.四.after/in在之后1.after1）after+时间段.表示以过去某一时刻为起点的一段时间Z后，用于过去时.2）after作介词.afterdoingsth2.in+--段时间.表示说话时或以现在为起点的将來一段时间Z后•用于将來时.Hecamebacktwodays.Hewillgohomefinishinghishomework.Hewillcomebacktwodays.五.with/in/by表示“用”l.with表示“用...”一般指有形的工具/手段/人体器官.Hecuttheappleintohalvesaknife.注:with表伴随，“带有,含有”Hecameinabigsmileonhisface.2.in表示用某种语言，方式，途径.或书写/绘画所用的材料.也可表交通方式.CanyousayitEnglish?Hewrotealetterblueink.2)by表示乘坐交通工具，表示方式，方法Istudyforatestworkingwithagroup.Hemakesalivingsellingnewspapers.注意：同义词组1).byphone=onthephone2).bycar=inacar3).inpen=withapen=withpens六.across/through/over/by经过1.across指横穿，穿过.表示动作从某一物体表而上经过. 1.through指穿过，透过，表示从某一物体空间内通过.3.over衣示从某人或某物的上空经过或越过，不与农面接触.B)by表示从某人/某物的旁边经过.Canyouswimtheriver?Theelephantissobigthatitcan"tgothegate.Idon"tthinkanyonecanjumpthefence.IwalkedthebankofChinayesterday.七・infrontof/inthefrontof1.inthefrontof表示在内部的前面2.infrontof表示在外面的前面Thereisadeskinfrontofourclassroom.Thereisabigtreeinfrontofourclassroom.八.其它介词的用法：l.at的其它用法.1)•表示“从事或正在做某事”，其示加的名词往往不加冠词.Sheisatworknow=Sheisworkingnow.2)at表示“价格或速度"Thetrainranat120kilometresanhour.2.in的其它用法：Qin表示“在……方而”词组:dowellin=begoodat反义beweakin2)in表示“穿着"后接表颜色的词或衣服.词组：bein+衣服=bewearing+衣服3)in作副词，"在家”=athome3.1ike的用法：1).像/和……一样.常与系动词连用.词组:looklikesoundlike2).与what连用，“是什么样子，怎样二Whatishelike?Heiskind.4.o疔的用法：1..从……下来，脱离某物体.词组：falloff2..“休假”通常放在时间名词之后.词组:have+时间+offHehasn"thadanightofffortwohours.except/besides2..except除了Z外，都不包括在范围Z内.注:nothingbut...除了之外,什么也没有.3..besides除了Z外，还有包括在范围之,内.WeallwentswimmingLucy.Thereisaletterinthebox.WestudyJapaneseandFrenchEnglish.with/without1).with具有，含有——反义词:without没有 withoutone"shelp词组：withthehelpof=withone"shelp=becauseof=thanksto反义:1).without的用法：A).without+sb./sth.没有某人或某物5.1.without+doingsth.Heleftherewithout(say)"Goodbye"tous5.2.withoutsth常与if引导的否定的条件句.Ifthereisnowater,wecan"tlive=Wecan"tlive.onthetree/inthetreeonthetree表示"树上本身长的东西"在树上.而inthetree表示"夕卜界的物体进入树中”人或物在树上.Therearesomeapplesthetree.Thereisaboythetree.&since/for注:since/for用于现在完成时.1).sincc:1).since+时间点2).现在完成时+since+一般过左时3).since+—段时间+ago.2)for:for+--段时间二since+—段时间+ago9.bemade+介词的区别：bemadeof由…制成(看得见原材料)bemadefrom由…制成(看不见原材料)bemadein+地点由哪儿生产bemadebysb.由某人制造10•表示“数量的介词”about,round,around,over1).about,roundaround表示"大约"2).over表示"超过"=morethan.11.inside/outsideInside在里而反义词:outside在….外而12.inthewall/onthewallinthewall表示"门窗在墙上”onthewall表示“某东西张贴或挂在墙上”九•不用介词的情况：1..当时间状为：tonight,today,yesterday,tomonow等时，不用介词.Whatareyougoingtodotonight?2..含有this,that,these,those,last,next,every,each等时间状语.HewenttoWuhanlastweek.3..以all开头的时间状语前面不用介词.Hehasworkedallday.4..以some,any,one等构成的时间状语询不用介词.Hemetabadmanonecoldmorning=Hemetabadmanonacoldmoming.专题六：连词2.并列连词和连词短语并列连词用來连接平行的词、词组或从句。常见的连词有and,but,or,so,both...and,either...or,neither...nor,notonly...butalso等。 1.and4..and表示"和、且"在肯定句中连接并列的成分。Heislaughingandtalking.5..祈使句+and,“and”表示“那么"之意。=IfStudyhard,andyouwillsucceed.=studyhard,youwillsucceed.6..adj/adv+and+adj/adv表示“渐渐Hemakesmistakesagainandagain.2.but表示转折关系的连词，意为“但是Heispoor,buthonest.3.or1).or有"或"的意思，表示一种选择Wouldyouliketeaorwater?2).“祈使句,or..."oi•表示否则。=If...notStudyhard,oryouwillfail.=youstudyhard,youwillfail.3).or用在否定句中表示并列关系。Hecan"treadorwrite.4.both1).both4俩者都”，后而的名词、动词都用复数。Boththeanswersareright.2).bothof....Bothofusarestudents.3).both...and...Bothyouandshearcright.5.either/either...or“cither“两者当屮任何一个",后有of时接名词的复数形式，无of时接单数名词，动词用单数形式。Youmayweareitherofthehats.2).either…or…“不是……就是……，或者……或者……"需坚持“就近原则,Eitheryouorhehastogo=Eitherheoryouhavetogo.6.neither/neither...nor1).neither4俩者当中都不二后有of时接名词的复数形式，无of时接单数名词，动词用单数形式oNeitheroftheanswers(be)right.2).neither....nor../嘅不也不……”动词与临近的主语保持一致。即“就近原则NeitheryounorIamright.=NeitherInoryouareright.2.从属连词一引导从句的连词。1.引导宾语从句的连词1).that连接由陈述句转变而来的宾语从句。2).who,whom,what,which,whose,when,where,why,how连接由特殊疑问句转变而來的宾诰从句。3).if7whether连接rfl—般疑问句转变而來的宾语从彳J。2.引导状语从句的连词2).时间状语从句：when,before,after,until,assoonas(主将从现)3).条件状语从句：if,unless4).原因状语从旬：because5).方式状语从句：than6).结果状语从句：so...that...,such...that...7).让步状语从句:though/although8).Fl的状语从句：sothat3.不能同时出现在二个了屮的连词。…l).because,so不能同时出现在一个句了里，只用其中Z—。Becauseinourschoolknewhim,sowehadnotroubleinfindinghim.2).though/although,but不能同时出现在一个句子里，只用其中之一。但though可以与yet, still同时出现在一个句子中。ThoughAustraliaisverylarge,butthepopulationisquitesmall.1)必须用whether的情况。l).discuss和介词后的宾语从句用whether.Wearediscussingwe"llholdameeting.Fmworriedaboutshecancometothemeeting2）.和不定式、ornot连用必须用whether.Idon"tknowtoleaveornot.专题七：形容词副词I.形容词一、形容词的一般用法1.作定语，一般放在所修饰词的前面。Ifsacoldandwindyday.2.作表语，放在系动词的后而。（look,feel,smell,sound....）Helookshappytoday.3.形容词修饰something,anything,nothing,everything等复合不定代词时，须放在其后。Wouldyoulikesomethinghottodrink?4.表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词，应放在相应的名词之后。Howlongistheriver?It"sabouttwohundredmeterslong.5.只能作表语的形呑词：afraid；alone；asleep；awake；alive；well健康的；ill；frightenedThemanisill.（正）Theillmanismyuncle.（误）6.只能作定语的形容词：little小的；only唯一的：wooden木质的；woolen羊毛质的；elder年长的MyelderbrotherisinBeijing.（正）Mybrotheriselder.（误）7.貌似副词的形容词：lonely；friendly；lively；lovely二、形容词常用句型1."It"s+adj.+of^sb.+不定式"表示"某人（做某事）怎么样”。=Sb+be+adj+todosth注意：这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词，如good,kind,nice,polite,clever,foolish,lazy,careful,careless,right（正确的），wrong等。Ifsverykindofyoutohelpme.（=Youareverykindtohelpme.）2.tkIt,s+adj.+for+sb.+不定式”表示"做某事对某人来说怎么样”。=Todosthisadjforsb.注:总：这一句型中常丿IJ的形容词冇important,necessary,difficult,easy,hard,dangerous,safe,useful,pleasant»interesting,impossible等。It"snoteasyforthemtoleamaforeignlanguage.=Toleamaforeignlanguageisnoteasyforthem.3.表示感情或情绪的形容词，如glad,pleased,sad,thankful等常接不定式。Fmverysadtohearthebadnews.4.表示能力和意志的形容词,ready（乐意的,有准备的）,able（有能力的），sure（一定）,certain（一淀）等常接不定式。LeiFengisalwaysreadytohelpothers. Heissuretogettoschoolontime.II副词一、副词的分类副词按词汇意义可分为：方式副词:well,fast,slowly,carefully,quickly程度副词:very,much,enough,almost,rather,quite地点副词：here,there»out,somewhere,abroad,home时间副词：today,early,soon,now,then,recently,still频度副词：always,often,usually,sometimes,seldom,never否定副词：no,not,neither,nor疑问副词:where,how,why其他:also,too,only二、副词的基本用法：2).副词用来修饰形容词、动词其他副词，一•般放在被修饰词之而•Heplaysthepianoverywell.3).副词是用来修饰动词，常放在动词之后.Hegotupquickly4).enough修饰adj/adv时,放在其后.Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.三、常见副词用法辨析1.already与yet的区别already用于肯定句句中，表示"己经”；yet用于否定句句末，表示“还"，用于疑问句句末,表示“已经”HehadleftwhenIcalled.Haveyoufoundyourruler?2於5…聊型別卫现much腔K511very用于修饰形容词或副词的原级；much用于修饰形容词或副词的比较级；修饰动词要用verymuch.Johnishonest.Thisgardenisbiggerthanthatone.Thankyou.1.§0与典ch的区别(1)so修饰形容词或副词；such修饰名词，MybrotherrunssofastthatIcan"tfollowhim.Heissuchaboy.(2)so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词Heiscleveraboy.=Heisacleverboy.Itiscoldweathe匚Theyaregoodstudents.(3)名词前有many,much,few,little(少量的)用so不用such.(多多少少仍用so)但little表示"小的"用such.Therearclittlesheeponthehill.2.also,too,aswell与either的区另Ualso,aswell,too,用于肯定句,also常用于be动词，情态动词,助动词之后,行为动词之前;aswell,too用于句末;either用于否定句中,置于句末。 例女U,MyfatherisateacherMymotherisateacher.=Myfatherisateacher.Mymotherisateacher.=Myfatherisateacher.Mymotherisateacher,・Ican"speakFrenchJennycan"tspeakFrench,・sometime：表示将來的或过去的某一个不确定的时间。sometime：一段时间sometimes：有时，不时的=attimessometimes：几次，几倍We"llhaveatestnextmonth.wearebusyandsometimeswearenot.HestayedinBeijingforlastyear.IhavebeentoBeijing.6・ago与before的区别ago表示以现在为起点的“以前匕常与-•般过去时连用，不可以单独使丿乩before指过去或将来的某时刻“以前”，也可泛指以前，常和完成时连用，可以单独使用。Isawhimtenminutes・Hetoldmethathehadseenthefilm.now：与一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时连用，意为“现在”just：与现在完成时连用，表示"刚”justnow：和过去时连用，表示“冈IJ才”Wheredoeshelive?Wehaveseenthefilm.Hewashere.8.1onely/alone的区别1..alone独自一人/没有同伴，既可作adj也可作adv.2..lonely表示孤独,寂寞，也可修饰地点，表示荒凉，偏僻的，常与feel连用。3..alone只作表语(以a开头的形容词一-般只作表语，不作定语)而lonely既可作表语,也可作定语)Helivesonaisland.Heis,buthedoesn"tfeel.LfastJ^uicklx/soon_J9_OLfast表示速度Z快quickly表示动作Z快soon表示时间Z快Fmleavinghomethisafternoon.Really?Whyso?A.fastB.soonC.quicklyD.earlyIII、形容词，副词的比佼级、最高级一、规则变化1)—般在词尾直接加er或est,tall-taller-tallest,long-longer-longest2)以不发咅的字母e结尾的单词在词尾Jf•接加r或st,nice-nicer-nicest3)以辅音宁母+y结尾的词，把y变为i,再加er或est,heavy-heavier-heaviest4•重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加er或est,big-bigger-biggest注：大，红，湿，热，悲，瘦，胖.双写末辅再变级.(big/red/wet/hot/sad/thin/fat)1.部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级和most构成最高级，beautiful・morebeautiful-mostbeautiful 注:表示否定意义在其前加less/leastimportant-■一lessimportant-■一leastimportantEnglishismoreinterestingthanChinese=ChineseislessinterestingthanEnglish.1.由"形容词+ly"构成的副词，在其前加more/mostslowly■一moreslowly——mostslowly；但early—earlier…earliest二、不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastoldold/elderold/eldestbad/badly/illworseworstfarfarther（ffi离）/further（程度）farthest/furthest下列单、双音节词只能加more用Imost原级比较级最高级like（想似的）morelikemostlikereal（真的）morerealmostrealtiredmoretiredmosttiredpleasedmorepleasedmostpleasedoftenmoreoftenmostoften注：形容词，副词同形有:back,high,well,fast,early,late‘straightIV形容词，副词等级的用法一、原级的用法1.只能修饰原级的词,very,quite,so,tooHeistootiredtowalkon.MybrotherrunssofastthatIcan"tfollowhim.2.原级常用的句型结构(1)A=BA+as+adj/adv的原级+as+B表示“A和B一样"TomisasoldasKate.(2)A(、定式作宾语。1)在动词want,hope,wouldlike,decide,wish,choose,try.need后常用动词不定式作宾语。Ihope(hear)fromyousoon・2)think/find/feel/makeit+adj+todosthHefounditdifficult(get)tosleep.3).stoptodosth/stopdoingsthstoptodosth停下來去做某事stopdoingsth停止正在做的事。Afterworkingforalongtime,Hehastostop(have)arest・Hewasverytired,sohehadtostop(work).2.动词不定式作宾语补。1).带to的不定式作宾补的动词：ask/like/wouldlike/teach/tell/want/help+sb+todosthPleaseaskhim(come)quickly.2).省掉to的不定式作宾补的动词有：let/make/hear/see/notice/have/watch+sb+dosth注：省掉to的不定式的句子变被动语态吋，需要还原to.Hemadethebaby(stop)crying・Thebabywasmadecrying.a).动词不定式常可用作句子的主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。b).常用it作形式主语，而将不定式放在句子后而。Todosth+谓语动词+adj/n=It+谓语动词+adj/n+todosthTogetaninjectionisalittlepainful•alittlepainfulaninjection动词不定式作定语放在被修饰词之后名词或代词+todo(介词)注：若构成的不定式的动词为不及物动词时，其后加上相应的介词。Iwantapentowrite.Iwantapieceofpapertowrite・四.动词不定式与疑问词连用疑问词+todosth注：在宾语从句中，若主从句的主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+todosth- CanyoutellmehowTcangettothehospital?Canyoutellmethehospital.一.动词不定式叮作状语1).动词不定式可作目的状语在come/go/leave后面接动词不定式作目的状语。Hecamehere(get)hisbook.2).动词不定式口J作原因状语表语形容词(sorry/sad/happy/glad/afraid/pleased)后与动词不定式连用作原因状语Hewasglad(see)hiswife.3).动词不定式可作结果状语在too...to…,not…enoughto…句型屮的动词不定式作结果状语。Hewastootired(walk)on.7二动词丕定式作表语一:be+todosth注：动词不定式作表语可以和主语的位置互换，且常表将來。Herwishis(become)adoctor.isherwish.a)动词丕定式的否定形式:一在动词丕定式的前IRi加卫91•Hetoldme(notstay)here・b)动词不定式符号的省略和保留情况。1).动词不定式符号的省略情况若两个或两个以上的不定式并列时，第一个不定式符号不能省略，其余的省掉to.但两者有对比关系时，to都不能省略。Edison"smothertaughthimtowriteandread.Ihaven"tdecidedtogohomeortogotothecinema.2)省掉不定式而保留动词不定式符号to的情况。—Willyoutakeawalkwithme?—Fmgladto.—Wouldyouliketojoinmybirthdayparty?—Iwouldloveto.二、动名词1.动名词相当于一个名词，作主语吋，谓语动词用单数。Readinginbed(be)badforyoureyes.2.有些动词或动词短语后面，只能接动名词作宾语。三、现在分词L现在分词常放在see,hear,watch,notice等Z后作宾补。Isawtheboy(play)inthestreetjustnow.2.现在分词作定语常放在被修饰词Z前，现在分词短语要放在被修饰词的后面，相当于一个定语从句。Asleepingbaby=ababywhoissleeping.DidyouknowthemantalkingtoMrLi?=DidyouknowthemanwhowastalkingtoMrLi?3.现在分词表伴随情况Hecameintotheclassroom‘carryingabook.四、过去分词1•作宾补have/get+sth+done表示请别人干某事 1hadmyTVrepairedlastnight.2.作定语单一的过去分词作定语，要放在被修饰词的前面，过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰词的后面，相当于一个定语从句。HaveyoueverreadanybookswrittenbyLuxun?HaveyoueverreadanybookswrittenbyLuxun?3.作表语过去分词作表语已经形容词化Mycupisbroken.七年级至九年级的非谓语动词一・接动词不定式(todo/dosth)l.liketodosth2.likesbtodosth3.Let"s(not)dosth4.wanttodosth5.wantsbtodosth6」ovetodosth7.asksb(not)todosthS.stoptodosth9.tellsb(not)todosth10.watchsbdosth11.It"stime(forsb)todosth 12.helpsb(to)dosth16.findit+adj+todosth19.tryone"sbesttodosth9.helpdosth14.makesbdosth15.decide(not)todosth17.havetodosth18.try(not)todosth22・S・p.+bcagoodplacetodosth24.sendsbtodosth28.beabletodosth32.疑问词+todosth36.needtodosth23.Ittakessb+sometime+todosth25.invitesbtodosth26.forgettodosth27.livetobe+时间30.seemtodosth3l.getsb/sthtodosth29.havesthtodo33.needsthtodosth34.usesthtodosth35.followsbto38.thebesttimetodosthsth39.thebestwaytodosth42.beexcited/surprised45.allowsbtodosth37.agoodtimetodosth40.bethefirst/lastonetodosth41.wouldliketodosthtodosth43.beusefulto46・It，sbettertodosthdosth44.beallowedtodo47・It"sbesttodosthsth48.takecare(not)todosth51.haveenoughtimeto54.encouragesbtodosth57.behappy/glad/pleased60.beafraidtodosth49.seesbdosthsth52.too・・・todo55.choosetosth50.whynotdosthsth53.not...enoughtodo56.waittodosthsth63.can"taffordtodosthtodosth58.makeit+adj+61AVsourdutytodosth64.makeadecisiontodosthtodosth59.becarefultodo62.usedtodosthsth66.waitforsbtodosth67.woulddosthratherthandosth65.haveanopportunitytodosth68.wouldratherdosththandosth69.hurrytodosth70.refusetodosth71.agreetodosth72.pretendtodosth73.pretendtobedoingsth76.prefertodosthraherthandosth79.volunteer+时间/钱+todosth74.prefertodosth77.bewillingtodosthSO.volunteertodosth75.prefernottodosth78.offertodosthSl.rushtodosth2O.It"s+adj+(fbr)of+sb+todosth21.plantodosth82.inorder(not)todosth85.makeplanstodosth8&It，sone"sjobtodosth84.besuretodosth87.leadsbtodosth90.urgesbtodosth83.becertaintodosth86.gooutoftheirwaytodosth89.1t"sone"sturntodosth91.CouldAVouldyouplease(not)dosth?92.besupposedtodosth93.warnsbtodosth二、接动名词(doingsth)1.likedoingsth2.enjoydoingsth3.havefundoingsth4.beinterestedindoingsth6.lookatsbdoingsth9.go+v-ing12.practiccdoingsth15.mind(one"s)doingsth18.spend・・•(in)doingsth一.stopsbdoingsthlO.dothe(some)+v-ing13.watchsbdoingsth16.canThanksfordoingsth1.stopsbfromdoingsth11.What/Howdoingsth?a)findsbdoingsth17.thinkaboutdoingsthtstanddoingsth19.finishdoingsth 17.bebusydoingsth21.keepdoingsth22.keepsbfromdoingsth23.keepsbdoingsth24.begoodatdoingsth25.hatedoingsth26.Therebe+名词+doingsth27.makealivingbydoingsth28.haveadifficulttimedoingsth29.feellikedoingsth30.allowdoingsth31.seesbdoingsth32.bydoingsth33.endupdoingsth34.doasurveyaboutdoingsth37.betemfiedofdoingsth40.havenothingagainstdoingsth43.haveachanceofdoingsth35.beafraidofdoingsth38.giveupdoingsth41.beseriousaboutdoingsth36.beusedtodoingsth39.insteadofdoingsth42.suggestdoingsth44.before/when/while+doingsth45.startdoingsth46.havealotofexperiencedoingsth47.preferdoingsth48.considerdoingsth49.dreamof/aboutdoingsth50.continuedoingsth51.putoffdoingsth53.preferdoingsthtodoingsth9.beusedfordoingsth=beusedtodosth 59.bebusydoingsth62.beworthdoingsth57.1ookforwardtodoingsth58.beagainstdoingsth60.havetrouble/problems/difficulty(in)doingsth第二部分：句法中考考点十二：主谓一致1)就近原则1山并列结构或连词(either•…neither...nor,not…but，notonly...butalso，or等)连接的并列主语，谓语动词与较近的那个名词或代词保持一致。NeitherhisparentsnorTom(be)athome・1)在倒装句和therebe句型中，谓语动词与后面的第一个主语保持一致。There(be)abookandsomepensonthedesk.There(come)thebus.2)在定语从句小，关系代词作主语，其谓语动词应与它所指代的先行词保持一致。Iknowthemanwho(be)talkingtomyfather.3)在强调句中，连接代词又在句中作主语，这时它应与被强调的主语保持一致。ItisMaryasbrotherwho(be)injuredinthecaraccidentyesterday.2)意义一致原则1.当主语与谓语动词Zl、可插入alongwith,with,aswellas，togetherwith,besides,except,but,including等短语时，谓语动词与第一个主语保持一致。Ialongwithmysister(be)goingtoShanghainextmonth.2.由“what”引导的名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。WhatIwanttosay(be)just“Takecare!,3.“…+(of)+名词”作主语时,若“of，后的名词为单数(不可数名词),则谓语动词用单数,如果名词为复数，则谓语动词用复数。Mostofthewaterhere(be)clean.80%cottonhave)beensenttoAmerica.80%Halfoftheapples(be)red.4.词组“anumberof"作主语吋，谓语动词应用复数；“thenumberoT作主语吋，谓语动词用单数。Anumberofancientbuildings(be)destroyedinthewaiThenumberofthevisitors(have)decreasedthisyear.1.英语的集体名词(family,public,group,team,class等词)，指代"整佑"吋为单数；指代"其中的各成员”则为复数。Myfamily(be)verypoorwhenIwasalittlegirlMyfamily(be)alllookingfdrwardforyourcoming.3)整体原则A)从句、不定式、动名词等作主语时谓语动词用单数。Whentoleave(be)notbeendecided.WatchingTVtoomuch(be)badforyoureyes.注：如果主语是两个(或两个以上)的名词性从句，谓语动词常川复数。Whathesaidandwhathedid(be)alwaysdifferentlastnight・ A)如果两个以上的名词组成一个整体概念作主语时，谓语动词须用单数。Thenovelistandpoet(be)goingtoEuropenextyea匸Thenovelistandthepoet(be)goingtoEuropenextyea匚B)表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时，通常被视作整体，谓语动词用单数。10minutesisenough.C)加减乘除等数学运算谓语动词通常用单数。2and35.5fthe+姓氏名词的复数”表示“一家人、….夫妇,"，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。TheBlacks(enjoy)workinginChina.1)个体原则1.every+....andevery+或each+...andeach+…作主语吋，谓语动词用单数形式。Everymanandeverywoman(be)busyatworking.2.英语句屮的each,either,neither等词，作代词充当主语，修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Neitherofus(have)beenabroad.Neitheranswer(be)wrong.3.[Ilsome,anyevery,no构成的复合词(somebody,nobody,everything,anything等)作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Somebody(bc)waitingforyouattheschoolgate.4.成双成对出现的复数名词(glasses,shoes,trousers,pants,gloves等)作主语时，通常谓语动词用复数，但前面有a/thepairof；a/thesuitof等词语时，则谓语动词要与量词(pair,suit,piece)在单复数上保持一致。Apairofscissors(be)usefultoolforadressmake匚Twopiecesofpaper(be)onthedesk.5.以复数形式出现，却表示单数意义(maths,physics,news...)谓语用单数。Maths(be)myfavoritesubject.6.“the+形容词(old/young/rich/poor)表示“一类人”,作主语时,谓语用复数。Theyoung(like)listeningtopopularsongs.7.“the+姓氏的复数”表示“某某夫妇，某某一家人"，作主语时，谓语用复数。TheGreens(be)havinglunchnow.中考考点十三：倒装句1•当句首为副词here,there且主语为名词U寸，应用完全倒装。Herecomesthebus!.Theregoesthebell.!14.only修饰时间、地点、方式等状语时，应用部分倒装。Onlyinthiswaycanwesolvetheproblem.OnlywhenyoutoldmedidIknowhername.注意：如果only修饰的不是状语，则句子不倒装。OnlyUncleLiknowshowithappened.15.表示对前者的陈述也适用后者时，肯定倒装用“so+助动词/情态动词+后者”，前句事否定，而后而的人也不怎么样时用“neither/nor+助动词/情态动词+sb”。HecanspeakEnglish,socanI. Ifshedoesn"tgotheretomorrow,neither/norwillI.注意1)“so+助动词/情态动词+主语”表示前者的主语和后者的主语的情况一样所谈到的是两个人，意为“……也是这样2)“so+主语+助动词/情态动词""表示前者和后者所指同一人时，说话者表示同意前者的观点，意为“的确如此"。一LiLeilikessports・一SohedoesandsodoI.14.由notonlybutalso引起的并列句，若将notonly置于句首时，该分句部分倒装，butalso引导的分句不倒装。Notonlydidhegivemesomeadvice,butalsohelentmesomemoney.15.unomatter+疑问词+从句""或"疑问词+ever+从句"注：从句应用陈述句语序，时态用一般现在时。Howeverhardtheproblemis,Imustworkitout.中考考点十四：感叹句一、结构：What/How+被感叹的部分+主语+谓语！Whatbeautifiilflowerstheyare!二、变法：一断，二加，三调位。一断表示在谓语动词的后而断开，二加表示在断开的两部分中间加what或how，三调位表示前后两部分对调位置。Theyhadagoodtimeyesterday・——断:Theyhad/agoodtimeyesterday・二加：Theyhad（what）agoodtimeyesterday.三调位：Whatagoodtimetheyhadyesterday.三、what引导的感叹句：1.what+a/an+adj+单数名词（+主语+谓语）！acleverboyheis!2.what+adj+复数名词（+主语+谓语）！heavyboxestheyare!3.what+adj+不可数名词（+主语+谓语）！badweather!四、how引导的感叹句：1.How+adj/adv+主语+谓语！hardtheyareworking!1.How+adj+a/an+单数名词（+主语+谓语）！Howtallaboyheis!2.How+adj/adv+the+名词+谓语！heavilytherainisfalling!五、what与how引导的感叹句之间的转换：1.Whatabeautifulgirlsheis!=beautifulthegirlis!2.Howdeliciousthefoodis!=deliciousfooditis! 六、几个常见的感叹句：1•greatfunitis!2.importantinformation!3.goodnews!4.goodadvice/music!5.aheavyrain!6.astrongwind!七、感叹句中常见的不可数名词：food,work、weather,fun,music,information,news,advice,中考考点十五：反意疑问句一、结构：陈述句+附加疑问句？It"shottoday，isiTtit?二、原则：1•前肯后否，前否后肯2.前名后代3.时态一致三、变法：一疑、二否、三连、四省、五转换(名变代)。四、特殊的附加疑问句：1,Fm込aren"tI?Fmright,?9.Therebethere?Therewillbefewerbusesinthefuture,?10.句屮有反义词的句子的反意疑问句，仍把它作为肯定形式。Heisunhappy,?11.Lct"s的反意疑问旬为shallwc?Lefsgotothemovietogether,?2•祈便旬的反意疑问句为、史"!ygy?Dorftmissit,?定词时,反意疑问句用肯定形式。Hecanhardlyunderstandit,?7.陈述句的主语为不定代诃吋：.1)・主语为指人的不定代词时，反意疑问句的主语用he/they.Noonewashurt,?2).主语为指物的不定代词时，反意疑问旬的主语用it.Nothingisserious,?&表推测的情态动词的反意疑问句，其反意疑问句与情态动词后的动词一致。Hemustbeatschool,?4,陈述句的］•:语是this2thatthese3those时，反富疑问旬的.1：语分别为.itJthey.Thisisanewcomputer,?Thosearen"tbananatees,?5,当陈述句是主从复合句吋，其反意疑问句应与主句保罐二•若主句为Ithink/believe/suppose/imagine/expect时，其反意疑问句应与从句保持一致。Hesaidthathewouldleaveheretomorrow,?Idon"tthinkyoucandotheseexercisesalone,? 11•陈述句中有has/havg/had时，一定要注意。4.•若句中是hasto/haveto/hadto，表"不得不"反意疑问句的谓语用doesn"t/don"t/didn"t进彳亍反问.Theyhadtoleaveearly,?5..若句中是has/have/had表“有”，其反意疑问句的谓语用do/does/did进行反问。Hehasfewfriendsinthenewschool、?6..若句中是has/have/had+过去分词时，其反义疑问句的谓语用has/have/had进彳亍反问。HehasneverbeentoBeijing,?ShehadstudiedafewEnglishsongsbytheendoflastmonth.，?五、反义疑问句的回答：反义疑问句的回答要根据事实作答，若事实是肯定的，就用yes,+肯定形式。若事实是否定的，就用No,+否定形式。注意：在前否后肯的句子中，yes表示“不”而No表示“是的雹Shedidn"tcometoschoolyesterday,didshe?,thoughshewasnotfeelingwell.A.No,shedidn"tB.No,shedidC.Yes,shedidn"tD.Yes,shedid考点归纳十六：状语从句一、引导词的选择：1.时问状语丛旬1）.由when、while、as（当时候）引导的时间状语从句。Whenjackgothome,hismotherwascooking.2）.11]after/before（在….之后/询）引导的时间状语从句。Thefootballmatchplayedafterschoolwasover.3）.由assoonas（—就）引导的时间状语从句。I"llringyouassoonasIreachBeijing.4）.由not....until（直到..…才.....）引导的时间状语从句。Theydidn"tstopuntiltheyfinishedthework.2.原因状语从句由because>since>as（因为、既然、由于）引导的原因状语从句。Sinceyouhaveknownaboutthat,pleasetelluswhattodo.3.地点状语从旬由wherever（无论在哪儿）引导的地点状语从句。Whereverhegoes,healwaysbringshispetdog.4•日的状语从仙由sothat（以便、为的是）引导1=1的状语从句。Hegotupveryearlysothathecouldcatchtheearlybus.5條件状语从句:由if或unless引导条件状语从句。Iwon"tgotohispartyunlessIaminvited・6•比较状语从句:由than>as...as、notasas引导比较状语从句。Therearcmorestudentsinourclassthanintheirs・6.让步炎:语从句：由though、eventhough/ifalthough引导让步状语从句。 Althoughhedidn"tpasstheexam,hisfatherdidn"tgetangrywithhim・&方式状语从句：illasif（好像）引导方式状语从句。Hetalkedaboutthatasifhekneweverything.9：结杲犹语丛fU:由so...that...>such....that...（如此以致于…）引导结果状语从句。Itwasrainingsohardthatwecouldn"tseetheroad・二、状语从句与主句的时态问题1.时间状语从句、条件状语从句与主句的吋态不一致。（主句用将來吋，而吋间、条件状语从句用一般现在时）Ifit（notrain）tomorrow，we（go）toclimbthehill.He（become）asodierwhenhe（grow）up•2.since引导的时间状语从句。Itis+时间+since+一般过去时It（be）tenyearssincewe（leave）thatcity・3•由when>while引导的时间状语从句的时态: 主句主句主句主句（-般过去时）（过去进行时）（过去进行时）（过去进行时）（过去进行时）+when+从句（一般过去时）+when+从句（一般过公时）+whilc+从句（过去进彳了时）+while+从句注意：看动词为短何性动词用--般过去时，动词为延续性动词则用过去进行时。Mother(cook)supperwhenI(get)homeyesterday.LastSundayI(meet)LinHongwhenI(walk)inthestreet.WhileHanMeimei(sweep)thefloor,Lucy(carry)water".Whenthestudents(have)ameeting,theteacher(come)in.1.由when、after>before>bythetime引导的时间状语从句的时态：主、从句的谓语动作都以完成，则先发生的动作用过去完成时，后发生的动作用一般过去时。Whenthey(get)tothecinemalastlight,thefilm(start).(go)outwithmyfriendsafterI(finish)allthehomeworklastnight.中考考点十七：宾语从句一、直接引语变间接引语1)人称的变化：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。1）.“一随主”指若直接引语中的主语为笫一人称时,变间接引语时应与主句的主语人称一致.Shesaid"Ilikeplayingbasketball”.Shesaidthatplayingbasketball.2）.“二随宾”指若直接宾语中的主语为第二人称时，变间接宾语时应与主句的宾语人称一致.SheaskedTom“CanIhavealookatyourpicture".SheaskedTomifcouldhavealookatpicture.3）.“第三人称不更新”指若直接宾语中的主语为第三人称时，变间接宾语时人称保持不变.Shesaidtome"Theywanttohelpme”.Shetoldmethattohelpme.2.指示代词，时间、地点状语的变化直接引语间接引语指示代词thisthatthatthose时间状语nowthentodaythatdaythismorningthatmorningthreedaysagothreedaysbeforeLastweektheweekbeforetomorrowthenext/followingdaynextyearthenextyear地点状语herethere 动词comego二.宾语从句的考查宾语从句在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。19.考杳宾语从旬的语序：宾语从句的语序用陈述句语序。即“主语+谓语+…… Doyouknowwhen?A.doesthenexttrainleaveB.thenexttrainleavesC.willthenexttrainleaveD.thenexttrainwillleave注：若从句时疑问句，但语序不变的有:1).who在从句中作主语:1..whafswrong/thematter?2..whathappened：3..whichisthewayto....?2.考査宾语从旬的引导诃Canyoutellme?(谁将來这儿)Heaskedwhatwasthematterwithme•Idon"tknowwhathappenedyesterday・Canyoutellmewhichisthewaytothepark?2)•若宾语从句时陈述句时，引导词用that且that可省掉。Shesaid"TmgaldtoseeyoiT=Shesaidgaldtoseeme.3).宾语从句时一般疑问句时，引导词用if或whether.一般悄况下if/whether可互换,但后有ornot/or、动词不定式或介词的后面时，只能用whether.Hesakedme"ArcyougoingtoWuhan?"=HeaskedmegoingtoWuhan・Fmthinkingabouttogothere•A.ifB.whetherC.that4).宾语从句时特殊疑问句时，引导词用特殊疑问词。Doyouknow?Fmnotsure,Maybeheisabusinessman・A.whoheisB.whoisheC.whathedoesD.whatdoeshedo5).若宾语从句时肯定祈使句时，就改为ask/tellsbtodosth.若为否定祈使句，就改为ask/tellsbnottosth・"Don"topenthedoor”Theteachersaid・=Theteachertoldmethedoor.1.宾语从句的吋态1.如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。Canyoutellme?Heisadoctor.A.whatisheB.whathewasC.whatheisD.whatwashe2.如果主句的时态是一般过去吋，宾语从句只能用相应的过去吋态(一•般过去吋，过去进行时，过去将來时，过去完成时)。Heasked.A.whattimeitisB.whattimeisitC.whattimeitwasD.whattimewasitHetoldmethatheforthesportsmeet・A.ispreparingB.waspreparingC.willprepareD.hasprepared注：1)如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。OurteachersaidthatJanuary(be)thefirstmonthoftheyea匚Ourteachersaidthattheearth(go)aroundthesun.2).若主句为couldyou..…?表示请求客气的语气，从句的时态仍然不变。Couldyoutellme?A.whathewasdoingB.whatwashedoingC.whatheisdoingD.whatishedoing2.if/when引导状语从句和宾语从句这两种从句。从句的时态的确定。ifWhenif7when从句的时态 条件/时间如果、假如当…的时候--般现在吋状语从句宾语从句是否什么时候一般将来时Canyouguessiftheytoplayfootballwithus?Ithinktheywillcomeiftheyfree.A.come,areB.willcome,willbeC・willcome、areD.come,willbeCanyoutellmewhenheheretomorrow?Whenhehere,pleasecallme・A.comes,comesB.willcome,willcomeC.willcome,comesD・comes,willcome17.1宾语从句的简化:1..宾语从句是陈述句时，且主、从句的主语一致，可简化为“动词+todosthIhopeIcanmeetyouagain.Ihopeyouagain.2..宾语从句是疑问句时，fl主、从句的主语一致，或从句的主语与主句的宾语一致。可简化为"疑问词+todosth".Idon"tknowwhatIshoulddonext・Idon"tknownext.CouldyoutellmehowIcangetthere?Couldyoutellmethere?Johndidn"tdecidewhichshirthewouldbuy・Johndidn"tdecide.3..hear/see/find+that+从句,可改为4whose>where>when等。4.由that>which>who>whom、whose引导的定语从句。关系词指代在定语从句中的作用that既指人也指物作主语、宾语which指物作主语、宾语who指人作主语whom指人作宾语whose既指人也指物作定语二、定语从句（二）1.先行词是物时,：:股情况既可用that也可用which.但下列情况下，只能用that.不用which。1）.当先行词为指物的不定代词，如all、everythingssomethingsanythingsnothing>nonextheone等时，只能用that。ThereisnothingIcandoforyou.2）.当先行词被theonly>thevery、thelast^alkno、little等词修饰时,只能用that。 ThisistheverybookI"mlookingfor.3）.先行词被序数词修饰时，只能用thatoThisisthefirstnextbookIstudiedinthemiddleschool.1..先行词为授高级或被最高级修饰时，只能用thatoThisisthemostbeautifulmountainIhaveeverseen.=Ihaveseenabeautifulmountian・2..先行词既有人也有物时，只能thatoHetoldusmanyinterestingthingsandpersonswehad・2,先行词是物时，一股悄况既m川殛t也叮川which.但下列悄况T，、-只能川which丕川that。3.•关系代词前有介词时，关系词只能用which。Thisisthebuildinginhelives.4..先行词本身是that时,关系词只能用which。Theclockisthattellsthetime.5..引导非限定性定语从句(先行词是物H.先行词与关系词用逗号隔开)，用whichoHisbook,waslostlastweek,hasbeenfoundnow.1.先行词是人吋,…般情况下既可用who也可用that。但以下情况下，只能用who。1).当先行词为those>one>ones^anyone且作主语时，一，般用who。Thosearesingingareallmyclassmates.2).在therebe句型中,先行词指人时,只能用who。指物时用thatoThereisagirlexpectstoseeyou.3).当先行词是I、you>he>they等时，只能用who。Heplayswithfiregetsburned.三、定语从句(三)。由关系制J词when、where>why"j导的定语从彳J。where=in/at+whichwhen=in/on/at+whichwhy=for+which1.由where引导的定语从句。1).先行词是表示地点的名词2).在定语从句中作地点状语Isthisthehouseyoulived?=Isthisthehouseyoulived?=Isthisthehouseyoulivedin?2.由when引导的定语从句。1)•先行词是表示吋间的名词2).在定语从句中作时间状语IwillneverforgetthedaysImethim.=IwillneverforgetthedaysImethim.注：先行词是thelasttime时,when可省略。Whenwasthelasttimeyousawtheparrot?3.由why引导的定语从句。先行词为reason时，一般用why。why在句小作原因状语。Wedon"tknowthereasontheydidn"tcome.四、注意事项：1)关系词在定语从句中作宾语时，常可省略。Thestoryhetoldwasverypopular.A.whoB.whomC.whoseD./2)that>who^which在定语从旬屮作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词应与先行词保持一致。Ilovessingerswho(write)theirownsongs. Sheisoneofthegirlswho(study)hard.1)在定语从句中不能出现代替先行词的人称代词。Willyoupleaseshowmethebookyesterday?A.whichyouboughtB.thatyouboughtitC・youboughtD.youboughtit2)定语从句中whose的确定：无论先行词是人或物，在定语从句中做定语用whoseo判断：看定语从句的主语询有无限定词(my、your、Jim"s等)，若没有，则用whose。ThegirlparentsworkinBeijingisKate.A.whoB.whoseC.whichD.thatIknowtheboy・Hishandwritingisverygood・=Iknowtheboyhandwritingisverygood.五、定语从句简化：简化为形容词短语、过去分词短语、介词短语、现在分词短语。1.Shereveivedaboxwhichwasfullofpresents.Shercvcivcdaboxpresents•2.HelikesreadingbooksthatwaswrittenbyLuxun.HelikesreadingbookingLuxun・1)likeChineseteawhichhasnothinginit.IlikeChineseteainit・1.Doyouknowthegirlwhoiswearingareddress・Doyouknowthegirlareddress・第三部分：补全对话考点1・打电话用语：一、拨电话方的交际用语：1.Could/May/Can1speaktoplease?请找…接电话，好吗？2.Who"sthat(speaking)?你是哪一位呀？3.Thisis...(speaking)./Thisis...here./...herespeaking.我是4.Couldyouaskhim/hertocallmeback?你能让他、她给我I川电话吗？5.Tmcallingtoask/tellyouto....我打电话给你是想告诉你去6.Thafsverykindofyou(tohelpme).你能帮助我真是太好了。二、接电话方的交际用语：1.Hello!6098724.你好！这里是6098724.2.Thisis(speaking).我就是3.Who"sthat(speaking)?请问你是哪位？4.Yes,itis.是的，我就是。No,thisis不，我是5.Holdon(foramoment),please./Onemoment,please.请稍后，别挂机。6.I"msorry/afraidhe"s/she"soutatthemoment/rightnow.对不起,他/她现在不在。7.CanItakeamessage(foryou)?我能替你稍话吗？ &I"llleaveamessageonhis/herdesk.我会在他/她的桌上留个便条。9.What"syourtelephonenumber?你的电话是多少？10.Ellgive/takeherthemessage.我会稍信给她的。考点2•购物用语:一、营业员常用的交际用语：1.CanIhelpyou?WhatcanIdoforyou?你要买什么？1.Whichwouldyoulike?你喜欢哪一个？2.Howmany/much....Doyouwant?你要多少？4.1sthatall?就买这些吗？1.Whataboutthisone?这件怎么样？2.Doyoulike....?你喜欢吗？3.Whatcolor/size/kinddoyoulike/want?你喜欢/想要什么颜色/尺寸/种类的？4.Whichone/colordoyoulike/want?你喜欢/想要哪个/哪种颜色？9.I"mafraidwehaven"tgotany...Inthatsizeatthemoment.恐怕我们现在没冇那个尺寸10.I"msorry,wehavesoldoutthe....Inyoursize.对不起，你要的尺寸我们已经卖完了。1l.Hereyouare.给你。12.Nohurry.别着急。13.pleasetakeyourtime.慢慢来。14.Letmesee,twentyyuan,please.我看一下，20元。15.Youhaven"tpaidforityet.你述没有付钱。16.Thafsthecheapest/mostexpensiveonewehave,Tmafraid.恐怕这是我们最便宜/贵的二、顾客常用的交际用语：1.1want/wouldliketobuysome....(for我想买一些2.Fllhavealookatthe....我想看看3.Thankyou,thafsall.谢谢你。就这些吧。4.1likethecolor,butit^/thcy^ctoo....我喜欢这颜色，但它/他们太1)It"sgreat,butit"snot....enough.不错,但它不够2)No,thecoloristoo不，颜色太1.prefer....butthis....istoo....我喜欢但这个.…太&That，stoolight太浅了。5.Yes,thafsjustright.好的，这个正合适。6.Haveyougotanyotherkind/color/size?你有其他种类/颜色/尺寸的吗？7.Thatlooksnice/great.看起来不错。8.Haveyougotanythingcheaper?你冇更便宜点的吗？9.That"sabitexpensive.I"llthinkaboutit.有点贵，我要考虑一下。10.Howmuchdoesitcost?/Howmuchdotheycost?/Howmucharethesethings?多少钱。11.Thafsmuchtooexpensive.Fmafraid.恐怕太贵了。12.That"s(quite)cheap/dear.这不算贵/这相当贵。1.likeit?butitcoststoomuch.我喜欢它,但是太贵了。1&Ican"tdecide.我决定不了。1.1Thafsfine.Flltakeit/them.不错，我买了。1.2Can/MayItrythem/iton,please?我能试一试吗？21.1don"tthinkFlltakeit.我觉得不会买。 22.Hereisthemoney.买单。考点3问路及应答的用语:一、问路的交际用语：1)Excuseme,where*s?劳驾,在哪儿？2)HowcanIgetto?我怎么去?3)Whichisthewaytothe?去是哪一条路?4)Canyoutellmethewaytothe?你能告诉我去的路吗？5)Couldyoutellmehowtogettothe?你能告诉我怎样去吗？6)CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothe?你能告诉我怎样去….吗？7)Whichbuscantakemetothe?哪路公共汽车可以带我去?&WhichbuscanIcatchtothe?我可以乘儿路公共汽车去？1)WhichnumberdoIneed?我需要乘几路车？2)Isitfarfromhere?离这儿远吗？3)Howfarisit?有多远？4)Thankyou./Thankyouallthesame.谢谢。二、指路的交际用语：5.It"soverthere.It"soverthereontheleft/right.在那儿左边/右边6.It"snexttothe..../infrontofthe..../behindthe/outsidethe...它在…的旁边/前面/后面/外边7.Ifsbetween....And它在....和…之间。8.It^attheendofthestreet.在街尾。9.Walk/Goalong/downtheroad/thestreet,andtakethesecondturningontheleft/right.沿这条路/街，然后在第二个转弯处朝左/右拐。10.It"saboutahundredmetersalongontheleft/right.大约在前方100米处左/右。11.It，sabout4kilometresaway.大约冇4,000米远。8.Youhadbettertake/catchabus.你最好乘处公共汽车。1.Godownthisstreetuntilyoureachthesecondtrafficlights.沿着这条街一直走到第二个交通灯那儿。2.Attheendoftheroadyou"llseethe至路尾你就会看到3.Itwilltakeyouabouthalfanhour.大约要花半个小时到那儿。4.Goacrossthebridge.从桥上走过去。5.Goupthisroadtotheend.沿着这条路走到尽头。6.Turnleft/rightatthesecondcrossing.在笫二个十字路口朝左/右拐。7.TaketheNo.3busanditwilltakeyoustraightthere.乘3路公共汽车，会把你总接带到那儿8.TheNo.72buswilltakeyouthere.72路公共汽千会把你带到那儿。9.You"dbettertakeNo.10bustothehospital.你最好乘坐10路公共汽车去医院。10.Youcan"tmissit.你不会错过的。11.Ifsabout15minutes,walk.步行大约15分钟。考点4•看病的用语： 一、医生常用的交际用语：2.What"swrongwithyou?Whafsthematter?你怎么哪？3.Howlonghaveyoubeenlikethis?你像这样有多久？4.Haveyoutakenyourtemperature?你最过体温吗？5.Doyousleepverywell?睡觉好吗？6.Whatdoeatforyourmeals?你三餐吃过什么？7.Haveyouhadanythingtoeatthismorning?早晨吃过什么?8.Haveyougot/hadaheadache/cough?你头痛/咳嗽吗？8.Maybeyouhavecaughtabitofacold?也许你冇点感冒。9.Thereisnothingserious.不严重。10.You"dbetterhavemore/lessfoodandtakesomeexercise.你最好多/少吃食物并且参加一些锻炼。11.Takethismedicineandstayinbedforafewdays.吃这个药并卧床休息几天。12.Takethismedicineeveryfourhoursanddrinkmorehotwater.每4小时吃一次这个夯并多喝开水。13.Doyousmoke?YouMbetterstopsmoking.你抽烟吗？最好戒烟。14.Youwillgetbettersoon.Youwillbeallright/wellsoon.你会很快好起来的。二、病人常用的交际用语：1.havegotaheadache/cough.我头痛/咳嗽。1)Fvegotapainhere.我这儿痛。2)Fmnotfeelingwell.Idon"tfeelverywell.1feelterrible.我感觉不舒服。4.1sitserious?严重吗？1.Fvebeenlikethiseversincelastnight.我从昨天晚上起一直这样。2.There,ssomethingwrongwith我不舒服。3.Thisplacehurts.这儿疼。考点5•问候的交际用语：1.Hello!Hi!2.Goodmorning/afternoon/evening3.Howdoyoudo!3)Howareyou?Fine,thankyou.Andyou?5.Howisyourfather/mother?17.1Howiseverything?Howisitgoing?考点6•介绍的交际用语：1.What"syourname?2.MayIknowyourname?3.MynameisJones.2.What"syourfirstname?5.Nicetomeetyou.6.I"mpleased/happy/gladtomeetyou.考点7•告别的交际用语：1.Goodbye!Bye-bye!2.Goodnight!3.I"mafraidIhavetogonow.It"sgettinglate.1.Let"sgettogethersoon!5.Seeyousoon/later/tomorrow.6.Wehadagoodtime.17.2Thankyouforhavingus.8.It"sapleasure.9.Takecare! 考点&感谢和应答的交际用语：l.Thankyou/Thankyouverymuch•2.It"sverykindofyou.1.NotatallThat"sOK/That^sallright/You"rewelcome/ITsapleasure/Mypleasure・考点9•祝愿、祝贺和应答的交际用语：1•Goodlucktoyou!2.MerryChristmas!3.HappyNewYear!4.Happybirthday!1.Enjoyyourself!6.Havefun!7.Haveagoodtime!8.Congratulations!9.Thankyou,andyoutoo!10.Thesametoyou!考点10•意愿及应答的交际用语：1・I"mgingtopicksomeapples.2.I，dlikeyoutomeetmyparents,too.3.1wanttotakesomebookstotheclassroom4.1hopetoseeyousoon.1.1hopeyouhaveagoodtime・6.Thankyou7.FmsorryIcarft8.PmafraidIcarft・考点11•道歉与应答的交际用语：1・I"msorry.2.sorryfor....3・Nevermind4.Itdoesn"tmatter5.Forgetit考点12•遗憾和同情的交际用语：1•I"msorrytohearthat.2.1knowhowyoufeel.3.Don"tworryaboutit2.oh，comeon.Cheerup•5.That"stoobad6.Whatapity!考点13•邀请与应答的交际用语：l.Doyouwantto?2.Wouldyouliketo....?3.Thatsoundsgreat・1.Thatsoundslikefun5.FmafraidIcan"cometoyourparty.6.Maybesomeotherday考点14•提供(帮助)和应答的交际用语：l.CanIhelpyou?2.WhatcanIdoforyou?3.Letmehelpyou1)Thanks.Thatwouldbenice5.That"sverykindofyou6.Thanksforyourhelp1)Wouldyoulikesome?8.Yes,please/No,thanks考点15•请求允许和应答的交际用语：l.Can/Could/May1....?2.Yes./certaily/Yes,doplease./Ofcourse/Ok?Allright.3.I"msorry,but/You"dbetternot....考点16•表示同意和不同意的交际用语：1.Certainly/Sure?Ofcourse2.Yes,please3.Yes,Ithinkso.4.A11right/Ok・2)That"sagoodidea・6.1agree(withyou)・7.NoJdon"tthinkso8.I"mafraidnot9.1disagree(withyou)考点17•表示肯定和不肯定的交际用语：l.Fmsure.2.Fmsurethat3.I"mnotsure.4.Fmnotsureif2.Maybe・/Perhaps・考点1&喜欢和厌恶的交际用语：l.Doyoulike....?2.Whichdoyoulikebetter，•…or•••?Ilike•…betterthan•••• 3.Whichdoyoulikebest，…"…or•…？Ilike...best.4.1don"tlike...atalllike/love....alot/verymuch/alittle・6.1hate•…7.1preperto...ratherthan....考点19•谈论天气的交际用语:1.What"stheweatherliketoday?2.Howistheweather?3.It"sfine/cloudy/windy/rainy4.It"sratherwarm/cold/hot,isn"tit?1.Lovelyweather,isn"tit?6.Whataheavyrain!7.Whatastrongwind!考点20•询问时间或日期和应答的交际用语：1.Whatdayisittoday?2・What"sthedatetoday?3.Whattimeisit?/What"sthetime?4.1t"sMonday5.It"sJuly1st6.It"ssixo"clock/halfpasssix/aquartertoeight.7・It，stimefor/Ittimetodosth・考点21•请求的交际用语：l.Can/Couldyouforme?2.Willyouplease?3.MayIhave...?4.Pleasegive/passme•…5.Pleasewait(here/amoment)6.Pleasehurry.考点22•劝告和建议的交际用语：l.You^dbetterasktheman・2.Whydorftyougotothepark?3.Allright・thanks1)How/Whatgoingoutforawalk?5.Right.Tildothat6.Youareright1.That"sagoodidea・Thankyou8.Shallweplaytogether?9.YoushouldrTtstayuptoolate・10・Idon"tmind・考点23•禁止和警告的交际用语：1.Youcan"tdothat2.Ifyoudon"tgetup,you"llbelateforschool・3.Becareful/Takecare一.Makesureyoulockthedoorwhenyouleave.5.Don"twalkthere・Theflooriswet・考点24•表示感情的交际用语：l.Tmglad/pleased/happytomeetyou.2・That，snice3.Thatwonderful/great.4.She5sworried.5.Oh,whatshouldIdo?6.Really?7.Oh,dear!8.1sthatso?考点25•就餐的交际用语：l.Whatwouldyouliketohave?2.Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat/drink?3.Tdlikeacupofcoffee.4.Helpyourselftosomefish.5.Thankyou,Fvefullenough.2.Justalittle,please!考点26•约会的交际用语：l.Areyoufreethisaftrenoon/evening?2.Howabouttomorrowmorning/aftrenoon/evening?3.Shallwemeetat4:30attheschoolgate?4.Let"smakeitsixo"clocktomorrow.二.Yes,THbefreethen・6.No,Iwon"tbefreethen7.Allright.See youthen.8.Itdoesn"tmatter・Wecanmakeitsometimenextweek.9.Whencanyoumakeit?考点27•传递信息的交际用语：l.Willyoupleasegivethisnote/messagetoKate?2.Heaskedmetogiveyounote・l)Thanksforthemessage.考点28•求助的交际用语：l.Help!/Fire!/Thief!2.What"sthematter?3.Couldyougivemeahand?li)Wouldyouhelpme?5.DoyoumindhelpingmewithmyEnglish?考点29•处理交际中的障碍：1.Pardon.请再iJf一遍。2.Pleasesaythatagain/moreslowly.3.FmsorryIcan"tfollowyou4.FmsorryIknowonlyalittleEnglish.lii)Whatdoyoumeanby....?考点30・常见的标志和说明：1.BUSINESSHOURS2.OFFICEHOURS3.OPEN4.CLOSED5.PULLliii)PUSH7.NOSMOKING&NOPHOTO9.NOPARKING10.DANGER11.ON12.OFF13.PLAY14.ENTRANCE15.EXIT16.PAUSE17.SHUTl&MEN"S(WOMEN"S)19.SOS20.EMS21.VACANT22.OCCUPIED23.NOADMITTANCE24.BATHINGPROHIBITED