高中英语语法主语从句讲解及练习1124_免费下载 8页

名词性从句之主语从句一、名词性从句概述：在句子中起名词作用的各种从句统称为名词性从句。根据它们在句中的语法作用，这类从句又可分为主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句和宾语从句。 二、主语从句定义：在句中起主语作用的从句称为主语从句。引导主语从句的连接词主要有：单纯连词（that,whether/if）、连接代词(what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which,whichever等)和连接副词(when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等)。1)that引导的主语从句（1）由连词that引导的主语从句:引导词that无含义/在句中不做成分/不可以省。例如：Thatyouwillwinthemedalseemsunlikely.你能得奖看起来不大可能。Thatlighttravelsinstraightlinesisknowntoall.众所周知，光沿直线传播。Thatyoudon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.你不喜欢他不管我的事。（2）形式主语it替代主语从句位于句首，that引导真正的主语从句会放到句子的后面。常用的句式主要有如下几种：1.It+系动词+形容词+that从句。如：Itisnecessarythat…有必要……Itisclearthat…很清楚……Itislikelythat…很可能……Itisimportantthat…重要的是……类似的形容词还有：strange;natural;obvious;true;good;wonderful;possible;unlikely;quite;unusual;certain;evident;worth-while;surprising;interesting;astonishing,etc.例如：Itwasreallyastonishingthatherefusedtotalktoyou.Itisessentialthatheshouldbeherebytheweekend.Itseemsobviousthatwecannotgoonlikethis.Itisnecessarythatyou（should）masterthecomputer. ItisimportantthatastudentlearnEnglishwell.It’sclearthattheybadlyneedhelp.Itislikelythatahurricanewillarrivesoon.知识拓展：在“Itisnecessary/important/surprising/strange/unthinkable/unbelievable/incredible+that从句”这类主语从句结构中，从句中谓语动词常用“（should）＋动词原形”，形式，即要用虚拟语气,should可省略。例如：Itisnecessarythatacollegestudent(should)masteroneortwoforeignlanguages.大学生掌握一两门外语是有必要的。Itisstrangethatyou(should)trustJane.很奇怪你竟然相信简。另外，需要注意的是，it作形式主语代替主语从句时，要注意和as引导的定语从句的区别。试比较：ItwasreportedthattheUSwasundertheterroristattack.Aswasreported,theUSwasundertheterroristattack.（2）常见用it作形式主语的复合句结构2.It+系动词+名词+that从句如：Itisafactthat…事实是……Itisgoodnewsthat………是好消息Itisaquestionthat………是个问题Itiscommonknowledgethat………是常识类似的名词还有：apity；awonder；agoodthing；nowonder；surprise等。例如：Itisamysterytomehowitallhappened.Itiscommonknowledgethatthewhaleisnotafish.ItisnosurprisethatBobshouldhavewonthegame.It’sapitythatyoumissedthefilm. 3.It+be+动词的过去分词+that从句如:Itissaidthat…据说……Itisreportedthat…据报道……Ithasbeenprovedthat…已证明……Itmustbeprovedthat…必须指出……类似的过去分词还有：known;estimated;expected;believed;thought;hoped;noted;discussed;required;decided;suggested;demanded;madeclear;foundout,etc.例如：Itisthoughtthatheisthebestplayer.Itisestimatedthatthevaseis2000yearsold.Ithasnotbeenmadeclearwhenthenewroadistobeopenedtotraffic.Itissaidthathewaskilledintheearthquake.4.It+特殊词+that从句。如：Itseems（happened/appears/doesn’tmatter/makesnodifference/occurred…）that…如：Itseemsthattheywillwinthegame.Itmakesnodifferencewhetherhewillattendthemeetingornot.ItdoesnotmatterifImissedmytrain.IthappenedthatIsawhimyesterday.2)用连词whether引导的主语从句whether有含义“是否”在句中不做成分/不可以省。注意：引导主语从句，不能用if，只能用whether。例如：Whetheryoulikehimornotisnoneofmybusiness.Whetherwewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather.Whethersheiscomingornotdoesn’tmattertoomuch.3)用连接代词引导的主语从句在由连接代词who,whose,whom,which,what,whoever,whomever,whichever, whatever引导的名词性从句中，其连接代词在句中起名词性作用，担当一定成分.例如：Whatyouneedismorepractice.WhatIwanttoknowisthis.Whateverwedoistoservethepeople.注：whatever/whoever的功用whatever,whoever在主语从句中不含疑问意义。它引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。whatever=anythingthat;whoever=anyonewho。要注意和whatever,whoever引导的让步状语从句的区别。如：Whoeverbreaksthelawshouldbepunished.（主语从句）（＝Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.）Whoeverbreaksthelaw,heshouldbepunished.（让步状语从句）（＝Nomatterwhobreaksthelaw,heshouldbepunished.）4）用连接副词引导的主语从句用连接副词when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等引导的主语从句从句(其连接副词有含义,在句中作状语。)例如:Whereweshouldleaveitisaproblem.Whentheywillcomehasn’tbeenmadepubic.温馨提示：如果主语从句是由连接代词what,whatever,whoever等引导的，表示的是一个具体的东西或人时，这样的主语从句不能用it作形式主语。Whatisworthdoingisworthdoingwell.Whateverwassaidherehasleftusmuchtoothink.Whoevercomeswillbewelcome.1）随堂练习1.Itdoesn’tmatter_________youturnrightorleftatthecrossing---bothroadslead tothepark.A.whetherB.howC.ifD.when2.Itsuddenlyoccurredtohim________hehadlefthiskeysintheoffice.A.whetherB.whereC.whichD.that3.----We’veonlygotthissmallbookcase.Willthatdo?----No,_________Iamlookingforissomethingmuchbiggerandstronger.A.whoB.thatC.whatD.which4.Itdoesn’tmatter________youpaybycashorcreditcardinthisstore.A.howB.whetherC.whatD.why5.________thepollutingfactorywillberemovedfromthecityis,infact,________thecitizensaregladtosee.A.That;asB.As;whatC.That;whatD.What;that6.Idon’tsayIamagainstJackie’splan.Buttheproblemis___________hedoesfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.A.whatthatB.thatwhatC.whetherwhatD.whatwhether7.“When________leaveforJapan?”“When_______leaveforJapaniskeptsecret.”A.theywill;willtheyB.willthey;theywillC.theywill;theywillD.willthey;willthey8.Theylosttheirwayintheforest,and_________mademattersworsewasthatnightbegantofall.A.itB.whichC.thatD.what9.Ithascometomynotice________someofyouhavemissedtodoanythingwell.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.when10._______wearedoinghasneverbeendonebefore.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhichD.Whether2）家庭作业：1._____ as much as one-fifth of all timber harvested is not used.A. The estimate          B. The estimated    C. They are estimated      D. It is estimated  that2. _____ some mammalscame to live in the sea is not known.   A. Which       B. Since        C. Although      D. How 3. _____ we have achieved is attributed to the guidance of our parents.   A. Whoever     B. Whatever     C. However      D. That 4. _____ wealthy does not necessarily mean that a man is greedy.   A. For the reason that he is      B. Just because he is    C. The reason of being           D. That he is 5. Although ___ happened in this developed country sounds like science fiction, it could occur elsewhere in the world.   A. which        B. what       C. how           D. it6. _____ she had forgotten to take her notebook.   A. That occurred to her           B. She occurred that     C. To her that occurred           D. It occurred to her that7. I am sure that _____ she said is wrong.   A. which        B. all         C. this            D. what8. We lost our way in the forest, and ____ made matters worse was that it was getting dark.  A. that           B. which      C. it              D. what9. _____ or not is still uncertain.  A. He’s coming                 B. If he is coming     C. That coming                 D. Whether he’s coming10. It’s _____ he’ll be able to come.  A. doubt whether  B. doubtful     C. doubt it         D. doubtful whether 11. ______ he is at work in the heart of the big city or at home in the quiet suburb, Dick’s life is tied to machines.  A. Whether       B. Till              C. If            D. Unless12. _____ he saw both surprised and frightened him.  A. That          B. When            C. What         D. Which13. _____ is warm sunshine.   A. What do we all need.          B. What all we need    C. What we need                D. What we all need14. _____ is a pity that he should feel so upset.   A. What         B. That              C. He           D. It15. _____ a spoonful of soil can tell us so much about the structure and early history of the moon.  A. Remarkable                  B. Quite remarkably    C. It is remarkable that            D. It is remarkable fact that16. _____ you nominate will be elected.   A. Who         B. Whom             C. Whomever    D. That’s 17. _____ book you borrow must be returned within a week.   A. What       B. Which              C. Whichever     D. That’s 18. _____ of us gets home first starts cooking.   A. Who       B. Which              C. Whichever     D. Anyone19.It’sknowntousall___aformofenergy.A.waterisB.thatwaterisC.iswaterD.thatwaterto20.Itworriedherabit___herhairwasturninggray.A.whetherB.thatC.whatD.when21.WhatIsayandthink___noneofyourbusiness.A.isB.areC.hasDhave22.___isknowntousallthatAmericaisadevelopedcountry.AWhichBAsCWhatDIt23.___we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.AIfBWhetherCThatDWhere24.___hemadeanimportantspeechatthemeetingwastrue.A.ThatB.WhyC.WhatD.How 答案：1）1-5ADCBC6-10BBDCB2)19-24BBADBA