2019届高考英语考前冲刺精选语法资料邪说英语语法连载(九) 19页

20XX届高考英语考前冲刺精选语法资料邪说英语语法连载(九)　　亿库教育网　　20XX届高考英语考前冲刺精选语法资料邪说英语语法连载　　邪说英语连载七：状语从句　　诸君，上回说到了从句，其特点即其名字“从”与“句”两个字。吃柿子拣软的，先拿最简单的“状语从句”开刀。　　从句的从属地位，表现为结构完整的句子只相当于一个词的地位，根据其所相当的词性，分别为形容词从句，副词从句和名词从句。　　形容词从句可作也只作定语，故等于定语从句；副词从句可作也只作状语，故为状语从句，而名词从句可作不同的成分，因而还只能叫名词从句，依其所作成分不同分别为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。　　副词从句作状语，往往修饰的是谓语动词或者整个句子，因此不像定语从句或名词从句一样与某一个部分纠结在一起。它往往与主句相对，与主句界限分明。位于句首时，状语从句还常以逗号与主句分开。　　I’vebroughtmyumbrellaincaseitrains.　　I’vebroughtmyumbrellabecauseitisraining. I’vebroughtmyumbrellasothatIdon’tgetwet.　　I’vebroughtmyumbrellaeventhoughit’snotraining.Youdon’tneedanumbrellaunlessitisraining.　　副词从句的从属连词标志从句的存在；表示从句与主句之间的逻辑关系；从属连词不是从句的组成成分，后跟一个结构完整的句子。所以对于副词从句，关键是要找到从属连词，判断其表示与主句属于何种关系。　　从属连词归纳　　副词从句与从句的关系多种多样，表示这种关系的从属连词也随之多种多样。归纳如下：副词从句种类常用连接词特殊连接词时间状语从句　　when,while,as,before,After,since,till,until,assoonas一些时间名词：themoment,theinstant,theday,theminute,nexttime,everytime;　　一些副词：instantly,immediately,directly;　　固定搭配的连词：nosoonerthan,hardlywhen,scarcelywhen.　　地点状语从句Wherewherever,anywhere,everywhere　　原因状语从句because,as,for,sinceseeingthat,consideringthat,nowthat,giventhat,inthat,inasmuchas,insomuchas 　　目的状语从句sothat,onorderthat,thatlest,forfearthat,incase;　　Inthehopethat,onpurposethat,forthepurposethat,totheendthat　　结果状语从句sothat,sothat,suchthatsuchthat,tothedegreethat,totheextentthat,tosuchadegreethat,tosuchanextentthat　　条件状语从句if,unlesssuppose,supposing,providing,provided(supposed,provide非从句连词)　　snconditionthat,solongas,aslongas　　让步状语从句although,though,eventhough,evenifwhile(一般用于句首)，as(用于倒装结构)　　Wh-ever:whatever,whoever,whichever,however,whenever,wherever,whetheroras+adj.+主谓结构用于句首　　亿库教育网　　亿库教育网　　比较状语从句as,than其他比较句型：themorethemore;justas,so;AistoBwhat/asCistoD;nomorethan;notAsomuchasB/notsomuchAasB方式状语从句as,theway时间状语从句　　表示将来时间时，从句用一般现在时 　　I’llspeaktohimwhenhearrives.(whenhewillarrive*)　　WhenIfallinlove,it’llbeforever,orI’llneverfallinlove.WhenIgivemyheart,it’llbexxplete,orI’llnevergivemyheart.　　*表“将来”的情态动词往往是用于基于一定条件的推测，而不用于表示作为前提的时间或条件等。　　When:某一时刻　　I’llspeaktohimwhenhearrives.　　I’lltellhimaboutitwhenhexxesback.WhenIarrived,hewastalkingonthephone.WhenIgotthere,hehadalreadyleft.有时也可接延续动词，如：　　ThedoorbellrangwhenIwastelephoning.　　*When有时不作“当时候”讲，而是相当于“，这时”，这是需要特别注意的用法。Adetectivearrestedacriminalandwasabouttohandcuffhimwhenahugegustofwindblewthedetective’shatoff.考题　　Iwaswalkingalongtheroad____suddenlysomeonepattedmeontheshoulderfrombehind.(CET-4)a.immediatelyb.when*c.themomentd.while　　Whenever:无论何时　　Wheneveryousay“Iloveyou”,meanit.Whenever yousay“I’msorry”,lookthepersonrightintheeyes.　　Smilewheneveryoupickupthephone,forthecallerwillbeabletonoticeit.While:相当于duringthattime,表示一个时间段，故一般只接延续动词。ThephonerangwhileIwastakingmybath.ThedoorbellrangwhilewewerewatchingTV.　　Adetectivearrestedacriminalandwasabouttohandcuffhimwhenahugegustofwindblewthedetective’shatoff.　　“ShallIgoandfetchit”thecriminalasked.“Doyoutakemeforafool”askedthedetective.“YouwaitherewhileIgoandgetit!”(goandfetch整体上构成时间段)　　*“同时”而引申，while表示的另一个重要的关系是“对比”。　　until：单独使用：主句谓语动词为延续性动词，表示“到为止”。Waituntilhexxesback.　　We’llstayheretillitstopsraining.　　UntilIcameback,hewaswaitingformeatmyhome.　　亿库教育网　　亿库教育网 　　Notuntil:主句谓语动词为短暂动词，意为“直到才”。　　Ididn’trealizehowspecialmymotherwasuntilIbecameanadult.　　Onewillneverrealizehowmuchandhowlittleheknowsuntilhestartstalking.IcecreamdidnotreachAmericauntilaboutthemiddleoftheeighteenthcentury.Ididn’tgotobeduntil12o’clocklastnight.Hedidn’tleavetheofficeuntilhisbosscameback.Notuntil:主句倒装　　Notuntilhesawhismotherdidthelittleboysmile　　Itwasnotuntilhesawhismotherthatthelittleboysmiled.(为上句的强调结构)一就　　assoonas,theminute/themoment/theinstant,immediately,directly,instantly:Itbegantorainassoonas/immediately/themomentIarrivedhome.Hardly/scarcelywhen,nosoonerthan　　NosoonerhadIarrivedhomethanitbegantorain.　　Hardly/scarcelyhadIarrivedhomewhenitbegantorain.Nosoonerhadwebegunhavingdinnerthanthedoorbellrang.地点状语从句　　通常where引导Staywhereyouare.　　Afteryouarefinishedwiththebook,putitwhere itwas.Adrivershouldslowdownwherethereareschools.　　Thetreeofthiskindgrowsfavorablywhereitiswet.考题　　——，worksongsoftenexhibitthesongcultureofapeopleinafundamentalfrom.(TOEFL20XX)　　a.Theyoccurwheretheyareb.Occurringwhere　　c.Wheretheyoccur*d.Wheredotheyoccur　　Ihavekeptthatportrait_____Icanseeiteveryday,asitalwaysremindsmeofmyuniversitydaysinLondon.(96-01CET-4)a.whichb.where*c.whether　　d.when　　也可wherever,anywhere,everywhere引导　　Whereverhehappenstobe,Clintcanmakehimselfathome.Everywheretheyappeared,therewereovations.　　Whereverthereiswater,airandearth,thereisvegetation.原因状语从句because　　表因果关系的语气最强，用来回答why的问句，所引出的原因往往是听话人所不知道或最感兴趣的。　　YouwanttoknowwhyIamleavingIamleavingbecauseI’mfedupwiththejoband　　亿库教育网 　　亿库教育网　　boss.　　MyfriendsdislikemebecauseI’mhandsomeandsuccessful.在主句是否定的情况下，because从句的理解有两种情形。　　Ididn’tattendthemeetingbecausehewaspresenttoo.可能有以下歧义：　　因为当时也有他出席，所以我没有去参加这个会议。我出席这次会议并不是因为有他参加。Ididn’tmarryherbecauseIlivedher.因为我爱她，所以我决定不跟她结婚。我并不是因为爱她才和她结婚。Since　　表示人们已知的事实，不须强调的原因，故常译成“既然”，通常放在句首。SinceMondayisBob’sbirthday,let’sthrowhimaparty.Sinceeveryoneishere,let’sgetstarted.　　Sinceyouarefreetonight,whynotdropinandplaychesswithme考题　　Youareleavingtomorrow,wecaneatdinnertogethertonight.(99-06CET-6)a.Forb.Sincec.Befored.While　　As　　As与 since用法差不多，所引出的理在说话人看来已经很明显，或已为听话人所熟悉而不须用because加以强调。　　Shedidn’thearusxxeinasshewasasleep.　　Ileftamessageasyouweren’tthere.　　AsMondayisanationalholiday,allgovernmentofficeswillbeclose.　　IhavetospeakEnglishwiththem,astheguysIlivewithdon’tknowanyChinese.For　　对前面分句的内容加以解释或说明。　　Thedayswereshort,foritwasnowDecember.　　Itrainedlastnight,forthegroundiswetthismorning.　　比较：becauseitrainedlastnight,thegroundiswetthismorning.Itmustbemorning,forthebirdsaresinging.　　Payattentiontoyourenemies,fortheyarethefirsttodiscoveryourmistakes.比较：　　as,for引导的主从句，重要性相对平等；because从句则显得比主句重要，强调原因；　　since则从句次于主句，重在说明将要做什么事。　　目的状语从句　　从属连词有：sothat,inorderthat或that等，从句中常含有情态动词。 　　Theycarvedthewordsonthestonesothat/inorderthatthefuturegenerationshould/mightrememberwhattheyhaddone.　　Weclimbedhigh(so)thatwemightgetabetterview.　　亿库教育网　　亿库教育网　　Theteacherraisedhisvoiceinorderthatthestudentsinthebackcouldhearmoreclearly.　　*联想省略后的不定式inordertodo/soastodo或inorderforsbtodo。　　Allthekeywordsinthearticleareprintedinboldtypesoastoattractreaders’attention.　　Weclimbedhighinordertogetabetterview.　　Theycarvedthewordsonthestoneinorderforthefuturegenerationtorememberwhattheyhaddone.　　Theteacherraisedhisvoiceinorderforthestudentsinthebacktohearmoreclearly.考题　　____Measurematterwemusthaveunitsofweight,volumeandlength.(CET-4)a.Inorder　　b.Inorderto*c.Soasd.Soasto　　*soasto不可用于句首。因为so本意为“如此”，只有先说了些什么，才谈得上“如此”“怎样”。 　　Lest,forfear(that),incase:以免、以防，深怕　　Takeanumbrellawithyoulestitshouldrain.　　Peopleevacuatedthebuildingforfearthatthewallshouldcollapse.　　Shecleansthewindowwithgreatcarelestshemightbreakthewindow.　　Wehadameetingandtalkedthematteroverfacetoface,forfearthatthereshouldbeanymisunderstanding.结果状语从句　　sothat,suchthat,so(that),suchthat　　a“JohnHancock”isaperson’ssignature.JohnHancockwasthefirstpersontosigntheAmerican“DeclarationofIndependence”.Hesigneditsolargeandboldthatnowweusehisnametorefertoanyone’ssignature.　　Diplomatsandcrabsarecreatureswhomoveinsuchawaythatitisimpossibletotellwhethertheyarexxingorgoing.Suchthat相当于so+形容词　　Hisangerwassuchthathelostcontrolofhimself.　　Heangerwassoexplosivethathelostcontrolofhimself.　　Theweatherissuchthatwecanonlystayin air-conditionedplaces.Theweatherissohotthatwecanonlystayinair-conditionedplaces.考题　　theperformancewassuch____theaudiencewasdeeplymoved.(CET-4)a.asb.that*c.so　　d.sothat　　*省略式为so/suchasto,suchastoHewassuchafoolastobelievehim.　　亿库教育网　　亿库教育网　　Hewassofoolishastobelievehim.　　Hervoicewassuchastomakeeveryonestare.sobadastomakeeveryonestare.soloudastomakeeveryonestare.考题　　Hisstoryis_____toarouseoursympathy.a.suchas*b.sosadc.toosadd.sosadas　　Thewindowsare____smallasnottoadmitmuchlightatall.(CET-4)a.veryb.asc.too　　d.so*　　Wouldyoube_____domeafavor,please(CET-4)a.sokindtob.kindastoc.askindtod.sokindasto*so,such的区别　　有不定冠词时，两者皆可用，用法不同sucha(an)+ 形容词+单数可数名词so+形容词+a(an)+单数可数名词sobeautifulaflowersuchabeautifulflowersoniceaday　　suchaniceday无冠词时，只用such　　suchbeautifulflowers,suchnicedays*sobeautifulflowers　　suchniceweather,suchgreatpatiencesogreatpatience　　但表数量的形容词前一般用so　　somanyflowers,somuchpatience,somuchfun,sofewcars,solittlecare考题　　Althoughapplesdonotgrowduringthecoldseasons,appletreesmusthaveasuchseasoninordertoflourish.(TOEFL)　　Recentlyintheautomobileindustry,multinationalxxpanieshavedevelopedtothepointwheresuchfewcarscanbedescribedashavingbeenmadeentirelyinonecountry.(TOEFL)　　考题　　thepolicecalledofftheirresearchforthesurvivorsoftheaircrashbecauseof___.　　亿库教育网 　　亿库教育网　　a.suchbadweather*　　b.sobad　　c.suchabadweatherd.toobadaweather　　such直接与名词相连,so直接与形容词相连。　　Suchpatience,suchafool,suchaday,suchweatherSostupid,soexcited,sopatient　　亿库教育网　　亿库教育网　　20XX届高考英语考前冲刺精选语法资料邪说英语语法连载　　邪说英语连载七：状语从句　　诸君，上回说到了从句，其特点即其名字“从”与“句”两个字。吃柿子拣软的，先拿最简单的“状语从句”开刀。　　从句的从属地位，表现为结构完整的句子只相当于一个词的地位，根据其所相当的词性，分别为形容词从句，副词从句和名词从句。　　形容词从句可作也只作定语，故等于定语从句；副词从句可作也只作状语，故为状语从句，而名词从句可作不同的成分，因而还只能叫名词从句，依其所作成分不同分别为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 　　副词从句作状语，往往修饰的是谓语动词或者整个句子，因此不像定语从句或名词从句一样与某一个部分纠结在一起。它往往与主句相对，与主句界限分明。位于句首时，状语从句还常以逗号与主句分开。　　I’vebroughtmyumbrellaincaseitrains.　　I’vebroughtmyumbrellabecauseitisraining.I’vebroughtmyumbrellasothatIdon’tgetwet.　　I’vebroughtmyumbrellaeventhoughit’snotraining.Youdon’tneedanumbrellaunlessitisraining.　　副词从句的从属连词标志从句的存在；表示从句与主句之间的逻辑关系；从属连词不是从句的组成成分，后跟一个结构完整的句子。所以对于副词从句，关键是要找到从属连词，判断其表示与主句属于何种关系。　　从属连词归纳　　副词从句与从句的关系多种多样，表示这种关系的从属连词也随之多种多样。归纳如下：副词从句种类常用连接词特殊连接词时间状语从句　　when,while,as,before,After,since,till,until,assoonas一些时间名词：themoment,theinstant,theday,theminute,nexttime,everytime;　　一些副词：instantly,immediately,directly;　　固定搭配的连词：nosoonerthan,hardlywhen, scarcelywhen.　　地点状语从句Wherewherever,anywhere,everywhere　　原因状语从句because,as,for,sinceseeingthat,consideringthat,nowthat,giventhat,inthat,inasmuchas,insomuchas　　目的状语从句sothat,onorderthat,thatlest,forfearthat,incase;　　Inthehopethat,onpurposethat,forthepurposethat,totheendthat　　结果状语从句sothat,sothat,suchthatsuchthat,tothedegreethat,totheextentthat,tosuchadegreethat,tosuchanextentthat　　条件状语从句if,unlesssuppose,supposing,providing,provided(supposed,provide非从句连词)　　snconditionthat,solongas,aslongas　　让步状语从句although,though,eventhough,evenifwhile(一般用于句首)，as(用于倒装结构)　　Wh-ever:whatever,whoever,whichever,however,whenever,wherever,whetheroras+adj.+主谓结构用于句首　　亿库教育网　　亿库教育网 　　比较状语从句as,than其他比较句型：themorethemore;justas,so;AistoBwhat/asCistoD;nomorethan;notAsomuchasB/notsomuchAasB方式状语从句as,theway时间状语从句　　表示将来时间时，从句用一般现在时　　I’llspeaktohimwhenhearrives.(whenhewillarrive*)　　WhenIfallinlove,it’llbeforever,orI’llneverfallinlove.WhenIgivemyheart,it’llbexxplete,orI’llnevergivemyheart.　　*表“将来”的情态动词往往是用于基于一定条件的推测，而不用于表示作为前提的时间或条件等。　　When:某一时刻　　I’llspeaktohimwhenhearrives.　　I’lltellhimaboutitwhenhexxesback.WhenIarrived,hewastalkingonthephone.WhenIgotthere,hehadalreadyleft.有时也可接延续动词，如：　　ThedoorbellrangwhenIwastelephoning.　　*When有时不作“当时候”讲，而是相当于“，这时”，这是需要特别注意的用法。Adetectivearrestedacriminalandwasabouttohandcuffhimwhenahugegustofwindblewthedetective’shatoff.考题 　　Iwaswalkingalongtheroad____suddenlysomeonepattedmeontheshoulderfrombehind.(CET-4)a.immediatelyb.when*c.themomentd.while　　Whenever:无论何时　　Wheneveryousay“Iloveyou”,meanit.Wheneveryousay“I’msorry”,lookthepersonrightintheeyes.　　Smilewheneveryoupickupthephone,forthecallerwillbeabletonoticeit.While:相当于duringthattime,表示一个时间段，故一般只接延续动词。ThephonerangwhileIwastakingmybath.ThedoorbellrangwhilewewerewatchingTV.　　Adetectivearrestedacriminalandwasabouttohandcuffhimwhenahugegustofwindblewthedetective’shatoff.　　“ShallIgoandfetchit”thecriminalasked.“Doyoutakemeforafool”askedthedetective.“YouwaitherewhileIgoandgetit!”(goandfetch整体上构成时间段)　　*“同时”而引申，while表示的另一个重要的关系是“对比”。 　　until：单独使用：主句谓语动词为延续性动词，表示“到为止”。Waituntilhexxesback.　　We’llstayheretillitstopsraining.　　UntilIcameback,hewaswaitingformeatmyhome.　　亿库教育网　　亿库教育网　　Notuntil:主句谓语动词为短暂动词，意为“直到才”。　　Ididn’trealizehowspecialmymotherwasuntilIbecameanadult.　　Onewillneverrealizehowmuchandhowlittleheknowsuntilhestartstalking.IcecreamdidnotreachAmericauntilaboutthemiddleoftheeighteenthcentury.Ididn’tgotobeduntil12o’clocklastnight.Hedidn’tleavetheofficeuntilhisbosscameback.Notuntil:主句倒装