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  • 2022-06-17 16:09:03 发布

高中英语语法复习---非谓语动词-动名词

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高中英语语法非谓语动词(二)动词-ing形式非谓语动词(二)——动词-ing形式  (二)-ing形式:动词的-ing形式也是一种非谓语动词。-ing形式仍保留有动词的特征,可以带有其所需要的宾语或状语而构成-ing短语。  1、-ing的形式:-ing有一般式和完成式。及物动词的-ing还有主动语态和被动语态,而不及物动词的-ing则没有被动语态。现在以及物动词make和不及物动词go为例,将其-ing各种形式列表如下:  动词 语态  形式  及物动词make  不及物动词go  主动语态  被动语态  主动语态  一般式  making  beingmade  going  完成式  havingmade  havingbeenmade  havinggone  2、-ing形式的基本用法。   (1)作主语:Seeingisbelieving.百闻不如一见。Talkingiseasierthandoing.–ing作主语时,如果其结构较长,可用it作形式主语,而将作主语的-ing后置。如:Itisn’tmuchgoodwritingtothemagain.It’snousewaitinghere.  (2)作表语:Herjobiswashingandcooking.Myhobbyiscollectingstamps.  (3)作宾语:①作及物动词的宾语。Shelikesdrawingverymuch.;②作某些短语动词的宾语。MaryisthinkingofgoingbacktoNewYork.;③do+限定词(my,some,any,the等)+-ing,表示“做…事”之意,如:WeoftendoourcleaningonSaturdayafternoon.WillyoudoanyshoppingonSaturdaythisafternoon?④作介词的宾语:Hersisterisgoodatlearningphysics.;⑤作形容词worth,busy等的宾语:Thisbookiswellworthreading.–ing作宾语带有宾语补足语时,要用it作为形式宾语,而将作宾语的-ing后置,如:Wefounditnogoodtalkinglikethat.Doyouthinkitnecessarytryingagain?  (4)作定语:Thesleepingchildisonlyfiveyearsold.Doyouknowthemanstandingatthegate?注:-ing形式作定语用时,如果-ing只是一个单词,就位于其修饰的名词之前,如果是-ing短语,就位于其修饰的名词之后,-ing作定语时,被-ing所修饰的名词就是该-ing的逻辑主语。另外,-ing作定语用时,其动作和句子谓语动词所表示的动作是同时进行的,如果不是同时进行的,就不能用-ing作定语,要使用定语从句,如:ThegirlwhowrotealetterthereyesterdaycanspeakEnglishverywell.  (5)作宾语补足语:Wecanseesteamrisingfromthewetclothes.注:当-ing在复合宾语中作宾语补足语用时,句中宾语就是这个-ing的逻辑主语,可以带有这种复合宾语的动词有see,watch,hear,observe,feel,find,have,keep等。  (6)作状语:①时间状语:SeeingTom,Icouldn’thelpthinkingofhisbrother.分词在句中作时间状语时,其前一般可加when或while,如:Whencrossingstreet,youmustbecareful.②原因状语:Beingill,hedidn’tgotoschoolyesterday.③方式或伴随状语:MarystoodattheschoolgatewaitingforBetty.  3、主动语态-ing完成式的基本用法。主动语态-ing完成式所表  词所表示的动作之前,一般在句中作时间或原因状语用。句中的主语是它的逻辑主语,并且是它所表示的动作的执行者,如:Havingansweredtheletter,shewentontoreadanEnglishnovel.  4、被动语态-ing一般式的基本用法。被动语态-ing一般式所表示的动作是一个正在进行中的被动动作,而且这个被动动作也是和句中谓语所表示的动作同时发生的。它一般在句中作定语或状语用。如:Thetruckbeingrepairedthereisours.  5、被动语态-ing完成式的基本用法。被动语态-ing完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,在句中一般作状语用。如:Havingbeenshownthelab,weweretakentoseethelibrary.   6、-ing形式的复合结构。在-ing前加物主代词或名词所有格即构成-ing的复合结构。其中的物主代词或名词所有格为-ing的逻辑主语。这种结构在句中可作主语、宾语或表语,如:Yoursmokinganddrinkingtoomuchwilldoharmtoyourhealth.但在口语中,这种结构如作宾语用,其中的物主代词常用人称代词的宾格,名词的所有格常用名词的普通格代替,如:SheinsistedonPeter’s(orPeter)goingtherefirst.  7、-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作主语、表语、宾语时的区别。一般说来,表示一个比较抽象或泛指的动作时多用-ing形式。表示一个具体某一次的动作时,多用动词不定式,如:Ourjobismakingsteel.Shelikesplayingthepiano,butshedoesn"twanttoplayittoday.  8、-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作定语的区别。-ing形式作定语用时,其动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动词同时发生,而动词不定式作定语时,其动作一般发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之后。如:ThegirlwritingalettertherecanspeakEnglishverywell./Ihavethreeletterstowrite.  9、-ing形式与动词不定式在作宾语补足语时的区别。(1)不定式作宾补时,其动作一般发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后,如:Ihavetoldthemtocomeagaintomorrow.(2)在see,watch,hear,feel等之后,如果用-ing形式作宾补,表示其动作正在进行中,而用不带to的不定式作宾补时,不定式所表示的动作是一个动作的过程,如:Ihearhersingingintheroom.我听见她正在屋里唱歌。Ihearhersingintheroom.我听见她在屋里唱过歌。  10、-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作状语的区别。-ing形式在句作状语表示时间、原因、方式或伴随情况,而动词不定式一般式在句中作状语时,一般是作目的或结果状语,如:Notreceivinghisletter,Iwrotetohimagain./Ilookedintothewindowtoseewhatwasgoingoninside.  练习、非谓语动词(二)  1.Aliensaidthathistripwas_______.  A.interested          B.interest             C.interesting        D.ofinterest  2.Wecan"tunderstand______adecisionuntilitistoolate.  A.himtopostponetomake                 B.hispostponingtomake  C.himtopostponemaking                 D.hispostponingmaking  3.Icouldn"tunderstand______atthepoorchild.  A.youtolaugh    B.youlaugh        C.whylaugh        D.youlaughing  4.It"snouse______withhim.Youmightaswell______withastonewall.   A.arguing,argue     B.toargue,arguing   C.arguing,arguing   D.toargue,argue  5.Itisnogood______today"sworkfortomorrow.  A.toleave           B.leaving           C.thatyouleave     D.leave  6.Theoldman"s______pityonthesnakeledtohisowndeath.  A.take              B.taking            C.beingtaken       D.have  7.It"sverykind______you______sayso.  A.of,to             B.for,to            C.to,to             D.of,/  8.Somepeople"sgreatestpleasureis______.  A.fishing          B.tofish             C.tobefish          D.beingfishing  9.Remember______thebook,whenyouhavefinishedit.  A.puttingback    B.havingputback   C.toputback        D.willputback  10.Youdidn"thearuscomebacklastnight.That"sgood.Wetried______noisy.  A.tonotbe          B.nottobe          C.beingnot         D.notbeing  11.Thoughhefailed,hetried_______itagainandagain.  A.todo             B.doing            C.do               D.done.  12.You"llregret______thosewords.Youmayhurtherfeelings.  A.say               B.tosay             C.havingsaid        D.tohavesaid  13.Youcankeepthebookuntilyou______.  A.havefinishedreading                     B.finishtoread  C.willfinishreading                        D.havefinishedtoread  14.Wearelookingforwardto______anotherchance______itagain.  A.begiven,totry    B.give,totry        .C.giving,trying      D.having,totry  15.Mostofthestudentsenjoy_____stamps.   A.collect             B.tocollect          C.collecting          D.collected  16.Excusemefor_____inwithout______.  A.coming,asking   B.coming,beingasked C.tocome,asking  D.tocome,beingasked  17.Peoplecouldn"thelp______thefoolishgirl.  A.laughat        B.tolaughat        C.laughingat        D.laughing        :  18."Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?"        "Oh.excellent,it"sworth_______asecondtime."  A.toread           B.toberead         C.reading           D.beingread  19."Iusuallygotherebytrain."         "Whynot______byboatforachange?"  A.totrygoing       B.tryingtogo       C.totryandgo       D.trygoing  20.Iwastooexcited______.  A.speak            B.tospeak          C.nottospeak       D.speaking  21.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered______thefirstcomputer.  A.toinvent          B.inventing         C.tohaveinvented   D.havinginvented  22.Itisnouse_____tocomenow.Heisbusy.  A.askhim          B.toaskhim        C.thatyouaskhim   D.askinghim  23.Themurderwasbroughtin,withhishands_______behindhisback.  A.beingtied         B.havingtied       C.tobetied         D.tied  24.MrsSmithwarnedherdaughter____afterdrinking.  A.nevertodrive     B.toneverdrive     C.neverdriving      D.neverdrive.  25.Thecomputercentre,______lastyearisverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.  A.open             B.opening          C.havingopened    D.opened.  26.Doyouknowtheboy_______underthebigtree?   A.lay             B.lain               C.laying            D.lying  27.Mostoftheartists______totheparty"werefromSouthAfrica.  A.invited            B.toinvite           C.beinginvited      D.hadbeeninvited  28.Englishisalanguage______inmanycountries.  A.spoken           B.speaking         C.bespoken        D.tospeak  29."Canyouread?"Marysaid      tothenotice.  A.angrily,pointing   B.andpointangrily   C.angrily,pointed   D.andangrilypointing  30.Therewasaterriblenoise_______thesuddenburstofTight.  A.followed         B.following        C.tobefollowed     D.beingfollowed  31.____moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.  A.Given            B.Togive           C.Giving           D.Havinggiven  32._____theirstudents,thefamousteachercameintothehall.  A.Followed                            B.Followedby  C.Beingfollowed                        D.Havingbeenfollowed  33.Yourflatneeds_____.Wouldyoulikeme      itforyou?  A.toclean,todo        B.cleaning,doing C.cleaning,todo     D.tobecleaned,doing  34.Doesyournewsecretary ____shorthand?  A.knowtotake     B.knowhowtotake C.knowhowtake    D.knowhowtaking  35.Tommyhadhisbigbrother_____hisshoesforhim.  A.totie              B.tie        C.tied               D.tying  36.Wouldyouplease______writeonthetextbooks?  A.don"t            B.notto           C.not           D.tonot   37.I"d______theoperationunlessitisabsolutelynecessary.  A.rathernothave    B.rathernottohave  C.notratherhad      D.rathernothaving  38.YourmotherandIarelookingforward________you.  A.ofseeing          B.forseeing         C.tosee             D.toseeing  39.Thegirlcouldn"t_____howredhisfacewas.  A.helptonotice   B.behelpingtonotice    C.behelpingnoticing         D.helpnoticing  40.Excuseme,butitistimetohaveyourtemperature______.  A.taking            B.totake            C.take              D.taken  答案  1~5CDDAB 6~10BAACB 11~15BCADC 16~20BCCDB 21~25CDDAD  26~30DAAAB 31~35ABCBB 36~40CADDD