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高中英语语法非谓语动词(二)动词-ing形式非谓语动词(二)——动词-ing形式 (二)-ing形式:动词的-ing形式也是一种非谓语动词。-ing形式仍保留有动词的特征,可以带有其所需要的宾语或状语而构成-ing短语。 1、-ing的形式:-ing有一般式和完成式。及物动词的-ing还有主动语态和被动语态,而不及物动词的-ing则没有被动语态。现在以及物动词make和不及物动词go为例,将其-ing各种形式列表如下: 动词 语态 形式 及物动词make 不及物动词go 主动语态 被动语态 主动语态 一般式 making beingmade going 完成式 havingmade havingbeenmade havinggone 2、-ing形式的基本用法。
(1)作主语:Seeingisbelieving.百闻不如一见。Talkingiseasierthandoing.–ing作主语时,如果其结构较长,可用it作形式主语,而将作主语的-ing后置。如:Itisn’tmuchgoodwritingtothemagain.It’snousewaitinghere. (2)作表语:Herjobiswashingandcooking.Myhobbyiscollectingstamps. (3)作宾语:①作及物动词的宾语。Shelikesdrawingverymuch.;②作某些短语动词的宾语。MaryisthinkingofgoingbacktoNewYork.;③do+限定词(my,some,any,the等)+-ing,表示“做…事”之意,如:WeoftendoourcleaningonSaturdayafternoon.WillyoudoanyshoppingonSaturdaythisafternoon?④作介词的宾语:Hersisterisgoodatlearningphysics.;⑤作形容词worth,busy等的宾语:Thisbookiswellworthreading.–ing作宾语带有宾语补足语时,要用it作为形式宾语,而将作宾语的-ing后置,如:Wefounditnogoodtalkinglikethat.Doyouthinkitnecessarytryingagain? (4)作定语:Thesleepingchildisonlyfiveyearsold.Doyouknowthemanstandingatthegate?注:-ing形式作定语用时,如果-ing只是一个单词,就位于其修饰的名词之前,如果是-ing短语,就位于其修饰的名词之后,-ing作定语时,被-ing所修饰的名词就是该-ing的逻辑主语。另外,-ing作定语用时,其动作和句子谓语动词所表示的动作是同时进行的,如果不是同时进行的,就不能用-ing作定语,要使用定语从句,如:ThegirlwhowrotealetterthereyesterdaycanspeakEnglishverywell. (5)作宾语补足语:Wecanseesteamrisingfromthewetclothes.注:当-ing在复合宾语中作宾语补足语用时,句中宾语就是这个-ing的逻辑主语,可以带有这种复合宾语的动词有see,watch,hear,observe,feel,find,have,keep等。 (6)作状语:①时间状语:SeeingTom,Icouldn’thelpthinkingofhisbrother.分词在句中作时间状语时,其前一般可加when或while,如:Whencrossingstreet,youmustbecareful.②原因状语:Beingill,hedidn’tgotoschoolyesterday.③方式或伴随状语:MarystoodattheschoolgatewaitingforBetty. 3、主动语态-ing完成式的基本用法。主动语态-ing完成式所表 词所表示的动作之前,一般在句中作时间或原因状语用。句中的主语是它的逻辑主语,并且是它所表示的动作的执行者,如:Havingansweredtheletter,shewentontoreadanEnglishnovel. 4、被动语态-ing一般式的基本用法。被动语态-ing一般式所表示的动作是一个正在进行中的被动动作,而且这个被动动作也是和句中谓语所表示的动作同时发生的。它一般在句中作定语或状语用。如:Thetruckbeingrepairedthereisours. 5、被动语态-ing完成式的基本用法。被动语态-ing完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,在句中一般作状语用。如:Havingbeenshownthelab,weweretakentoseethelibrary.
6、-ing形式的复合结构。在-ing前加物主代词或名词所有格即构成-ing的复合结构。其中的物主代词或名词所有格为-ing的逻辑主语。这种结构在句中可作主语、宾语或表语,如:Yoursmokinganddrinkingtoomuchwilldoharmtoyourhealth.但在口语中,这种结构如作宾语用,其中的物主代词常用人称代词的宾格,名词的所有格常用名词的普通格代替,如:SheinsistedonPeter’s(orPeter)goingtherefirst. 7、-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作主语、表语、宾语时的区别。一般说来,表示一个比较抽象或泛指的动作时多用-ing形式。表示一个具体某一次的动作时,多用动词不定式,如:Ourjobismakingsteel.Shelikesplayingthepiano,butshedoesn"twanttoplayittoday. 8、-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作定语的区别。-ing形式作定语用时,其动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动词同时发生,而动词不定式作定语时,其动作一般发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之后。如:ThegirlwritingalettertherecanspeakEnglishverywell./Ihavethreeletterstowrite. 9、-ing形式与动词不定式在作宾语补足语时的区别。(1)不定式作宾补时,其动作一般发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后,如:Ihavetoldthemtocomeagaintomorrow.(2)在see,watch,hear,feel等之后,如果用-ing形式作宾补,表示其动作正在进行中,而用不带to的不定式作宾补时,不定式所表示的动作是一个动作的过程,如:Ihearhersingingintheroom.我听见她正在屋里唱歌。Ihearhersingintheroom.我听见她在屋里唱过歌。 10、-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作状语的区别。-ing形式在句作状语表示时间、原因、方式或伴随情况,而动词不定式一般式在句中作状语时,一般是作目的或结果状语,如:Notreceivinghisletter,Iwrotetohimagain./Ilookedintothewindowtoseewhatwasgoingoninside. 练习、非谓语动词(二) 1.Aliensaidthathistripwas_______. A.interested B.interest C.interesting D.ofinterest 2.Wecan"tunderstand______adecisionuntilitistoolate. A.himtopostponetomake B.hispostponingtomake C.himtopostponemaking D.hispostponingmaking 3.Icouldn"tunderstand______atthepoorchild. A.youtolaugh B.youlaugh C.whylaugh D.youlaughing 4.It"snouse______withhim.Youmightaswell______withastonewall.
A.arguing,argue B.toargue,arguing C.arguing,arguing D.toargue,argue 5.Itisnogood______today"sworkfortomorrow. A.toleave B.leaving C.thatyouleave D.leave 6.Theoldman"s______pityonthesnakeledtohisowndeath. A.take B.taking C.beingtaken D.have 7.It"sverykind______you______sayso. A.of,to B.for,to C.to,to D.of,/ 8.Somepeople"sgreatestpleasureis______. A.fishing B.tofish C.tobefish D.beingfishing 9.Remember______thebook,whenyouhavefinishedit. A.puttingback B.havingputback C.toputback D.willputback 10.Youdidn"thearuscomebacklastnight.That"sgood.Wetried______noisy. A.tonotbe B.nottobe C.beingnot D.notbeing 11.Thoughhefailed,hetried_______itagainandagain. A.todo B.doing C.do D.done. 12.You"llregret______thosewords.Youmayhurtherfeelings. A.say B.tosay C.havingsaid D.tohavesaid 13.Youcankeepthebookuntilyou______. A.havefinishedreading B.finishtoread C.willfinishreading D.havefinishedtoread 14.Wearelookingforwardto______anotherchance______itagain. A.begiven,totry B.give,totry .C.giving,trying D.having,totry 15.Mostofthestudentsenjoy_____stamps.
A.collect B.tocollect C.collecting D.collected 16.Excusemefor_____inwithout______. A.coming,asking B.coming,beingasked C.tocome,asking D.tocome,beingasked 17.Peoplecouldn"thelp______thefoolishgirl. A.laughat B.tolaughat C.laughingat D.laughing : 18."Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?" "Oh.excellent,it"sworth_______asecondtime." A.toread B.toberead C.reading D.beingread 19."Iusuallygotherebytrain." "Whynot______byboatforachange?" A.totrygoing B.tryingtogo C.totryandgo D.trygoing 20.Iwastooexcited______. A.speak B.tospeak C.nottospeak D.speaking 21.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered______thefirstcomputer. A.toinvent B.inventing C.tohaveinvented D.havinginvented 22.Itisnouse_____tocomenow.Heisbusy. A.askhim B.toaskhim C.thatyouaskhim D.askinghim 23.Themurderwasbroughtin,withhishands_______behindhisback. A.beingtied B.havingtied C.tobetied D.tied 24.MrsSmithwarnedherdaughter____afterdrinking. A.nevertodrive B.toneverdrive C.neverdriving D.neverdrive. 25.Thecomputercentre,______lastyearisverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool. A.open B.opening C.havingopened D.opened. 26.Doyouknowtheboy_______underthebigtree?
A.lay B.lain C.laying D.lying 27.Mostoftheartists______totheparty"werefromSouthAfrica. A.invited B.toinvite C.beinginvited D.hadbeeninvited 28.Englishisalanguage______inmanycountries. A.spoken B.speaking C.bespoken D.tospeak 29."Canyouread?"Marysaid tothenotice. A.angrily,pointing B.andpointangrily C.angrily,pointed D.andangrilypointing 30.Therewasaterriblenoise_______thesuddenburstofTight. A.followed B.following C.tobefollowed D.beingfollowed 31.____moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter. A.Given B.Togive C.Giving D.Havinggiven 32._____theirstudents,thefamousteachercameintothehall. A.Followed B.Followedby C.Beingfollowed D.Havingbeenfollowed 33.Yourflatneeds_____.Wouldyoulikeme itforyou? A.toclean,todo B.cleaning,doing C.cleaning,todo D.tobecleaned,doing 34.Doesyournewsecretary ____shorthand? A.knowtotake B.knowhowtotake C.knowhowtake D.knowhowtaking 35.Tommyhadhisbigbrother_____hisshoesforhim. A.totie B.tie C.tied D.tying 36.Wouldyouplease______writeonthetextbooks? A.don"t B.notto C.not D.tonot
37.I"d______theoperationunlessitisabsolutelynecessary. A.rathernothave B.rathernottohave C.notratherhad D.rathernothaving 38.YourmotherandIarelookingforward________you. A.ofseeing B.forseeing C.tosee D.toseeing 39.Thegirlcouldn"t_____howredhisfacewas. A.helptonotice B.behelpingtonotice C.behelpingnoticing D.helpnoticing 40.Excuseme,butitistimetohaveyourtemperature______. A.taking B.totake C.take D.taken 答案 1~5CDDAB 6~10BAACB 11~15BCADC 16~20BCCDB 21~25CDDAD 26~30DAAAB 31~35ABCBB 36~40CADDD