初中英语语法专题讲练结合九动词不定式 9页

英语学习第八课时一、课前回顾1.Suchpeopleare•A.respectB・torespectC.toberespectingD.toberespected2.There9snothingtodoexcepttillitstopssnowing.A.towaitB.waitingC.waitD.waits3.1amsorryyousomuchtrouble.Andthanksforyourhelp・A.togiveB.tohavegivenC.givingD・gave4.Thedoctortoldthechildrenlessandmore.A.toeat;sleepB.eat;sleepC.eating;sleepingD.eat;tosleep5.Theyweremadetwentyhourseveryday.A.workB.toworkC・workingD.worked6.Wedidn^tknow.A.tostartB.whenstartC.whentostartD.whenstarting7.Wouldyoulikeacupofcoffee?A.tohaveB.haveC.havingD.had8.Letme讦hehasdecidedit.A・toknow;todoB.toknow;doC.know;todoD.know;do9・Shewassorryshehadgotnoknife.A・tocutB.cuttingC・tocutitD・tocutitwith10.Shedoesrftlike•A.praisedB.topraisedC.tobepraisedD・praising11-youthetruth,,Ididn^twanttotellyouaboutit.A.TotellB.TellingC.TobetoldD.Told12.Doyouwanttogiveatalkonthatsubject?“”A.IwouldiTtpreferB.IprefernottoC.1prefernot13.InclassyoushouldlistentoMissGaoEnglish.A.tospeakB.speakC.speaksD・spoke14.Hedideverythinghecouldtheoldman.A.tosaveB.saveC.savingD.saved15.Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister,todayhewasmadebyhislittlesister.A・cry;tocryB.crying;cryingC・cry;cryD.tocry;cry16・Noonetoldher.A.whattodoB.whatshedoesC.todowhatD.whatshetodo 17.1snecessarytotellhisfathereverything? A.itB.thatC.whatD.he18.“CanIleavethisdooropenatnight?^^“Youbetternot.,^A.shouldB.wouldC.couldD.had19.Tellhimthewindow.A・toshutnotB.nottoshutC.TonotshutD・notshut20.Umverysorryforbeinglate.Itwasgoodyouforme.A.of;towaitB.for;towaitC.of;waitingD・to;waiting二.知识讲解在英语句子屮，动词有两类，一类是谓语动词，另一类是非谓语动词。如Iwork1一句屮,work作谓语动词，*1wanttowork"向中的谓语动词则变为want,而towork就是非谓语动词。非谓语动词有三种，即动词不定式，分词（现在分词，过去分词）和动名词。动词不定式不定式是动词的一种非限定形式。不定式没有人称和数的变化，不受主语人称和动词时态的变化干扰。在句屮不能单独作谓语，但仍保留动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语。不定式同它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。1、不定式作宾语1）动词+不定式afforddecidedareexpecthopefailhappenmanage举例：Thedriverfailedtoseetheothercarintime.Ihappentoknowtheanswertoyourquestion.2）动词+宾语+不定式ask,beg,choose,expect,want,wish...Ilikeyoutokeepeverythingtidy.IwantyoutospeaktoTom.3）动词+疑问词+toforget,learn,remember,show,tellPleaseshowushowtodothat.Therearesomanykindsoftape-recordersonsalethatIcan"tmakeupmymindwhichtobuy.注意:疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时，谓语动词用单数。Thequestionishowtoputitintopractice.2、不定式作补语1）动词+宾语+不定式（todo）Allowbelievedriveencouragefindinvitepermitremind例句：a.Fatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet. a.Webelievehimtobeguilty.*Find的特殊用法：Find后可用分词做宾补，或先加形式宾语，再加形容词，最后加带to的动词不定式。find后也可带一个从句。此类动词还有get,have。Ifoundhimlyingontheground.Ifounditimportanttolearn・IfoundthattolearnEnglishisimportant.典型例题：Thenextmorningshefoundthemaninbed,dead・A.lyingB.lieC.layD.laying2)to+be的不定式结构，作补语的动词。believe,consider,thinkfind,,see(理解)，show,take(以为)，understandWeconsiderTomtobeoneofthebeststudentsinourclass.典型例题CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsideredthefirstcomputer.A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented3)tobe+形容词Seem^appear、besaid>bebelievedbethoughtshope,wantThebookisbelievedtobeuninteresting.4)therebe+不定式believe,expect,like,want,wish,undrstandWedidn"texpecttheretobesomanypeoplethere.注意：有些动词需用as短语做补语，如regard,thinkbelieve,take,consider.WeregardTomasourbestteacher.Marytookhimasherfather.3、不定式主语Tosayisonething,(to)doisanother.Totalktohimistotalktothewall.如果不定式过长，可用形式主语it,将真正的主语不定式放在句尾。Itishardtosaywhetheryouarecorrect.Ittakesustwohourstogettherebytrain.注意：1)不定式作为句子成分时，动词用单数形式。2)当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用Itis...to...的句型()Toseeistobelieve.百闻不如一见。()Itistobelievetosee.4、不定式作表语不定式可放在be动词后面，形成表语。例如： Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.Hisdreamistobeadocto匚5、不定式作定语不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后。例如：Ihavealotofworktodo.Sohemadesomecandlestogivelight.6、不定式作状语1)目的状语To...onlyto(仅仅为了),inorderto,soasto,so(such)...asto...(如此以便)Heransofastastocatchthefirstbus.Icomehereonlytosaygood-byetoyou.2)作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。Whathave1saidtomakeyouangry.Hesearchedtheroomonlytofindnothing.3)表原因I"mgladtoseeyou.典型例题Thechairlooksratherhard,butinfactitisverycomfortableto-A.sitB.sitonC.beseatD.besaton7、省to的动词不定式1)情态动词(除ought夕卜，oughtto)：2)使役动词let,have,make：3)/感"莒动)司see,watch,lookat,notice,observe,hear,listento,smell,feel,find等后作宾补，省略to。注意：在被动语态中则to不能省掉。Isawhimdance・=Hewasseentodance.Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight.=Theyweremadetoworkthewholenight.4)wouldrather,hadbetter：5)Why…/whynot...：6)help可带to,也可不带to,helpsb(to)dosth：7)but：but前是实义动词do时，后而不定式不带to；否则，不定式须带to。Fvegotnothingtodobutdependonmyself.Ihadnochoicebuttogiveupthischancetogoabroad.8)通常在discover,imagine,suppose,think,understand等词后，口J以省去tobe： Heissupposed(tobe)nice.比较：Hewantstodonothingbutgoout.Hewantstobelieveanythingbuttotakethemedicine.典型例题1)——Iusuallygotherebytrain.——Whynotbyboatforachange?A.totrygoingB・tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.trygoing2)Pauldoesn"thavetobemade•Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning8、动词不定式的否定式典型例题1)Tellhimthewindow.A.toshutnotB・nottoshutC.tonotshutD.notshut2)ShepretendedmewhenIpassedby.A.nottoseeB.notseeingC.tonotseeD.havingnotseen3)Mrs.Smithwarnedherdaughterafterdrinking.A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriverC.neverdrivingD.neverdrive4)Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto5)Thepatientwaswarnedoilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnoB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating9、不定式的特殊句型too...to...1)too...to太…以至于…Heistooexcitedtospeak.…CanIhelpyou?——Well,Fmafraidtheboxistooheavyforyoutocarryit,butthankyouallthesame.2)如在too前有否定词，则整个句子用否定词表达肯定，too后那个词表达一种委婉含义，意为”不太”。It"snevertoolatetomend.(谚语)改过不嫌晚。3)当too前而有only,all,but时，意思是：非常…等;J*veryoFmonlytoopleasedtobeabletohelpyou. Hewasbuttooeagertogethome.10、不定式的特殊句型soasto1)表示冃的；它的否定式是soasnottodo0Tomkeptquietabouttheaccidentsoasnottolosehisjob.Goinquietlysoasnottowakethebaby.2)sokindasto…劳驾Wouldyoubesokindastotellmethetime? 11、不定式的特殊句型Whynot"Whynot+动词原形“表达向某人提出建议，翻译为：”为什么不……？干吗不……?"例如：Whynottakeaholiday?12、动名词与不定式1）动名词与不定式的区别：动名词表达的是：状态，性质，心境，抽象，经常性，己发生的不定式表达的是：tl的，结果，原因，具体，一次性，将发生的2）接不定式或动名词，意义相同。13>It*sforsb.和It"sofsb.1）forsb.常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy,hard,difficult,interesting,impossible等：It"sveryhardforhimtostudytwolanguages.对他来说学两门外语是很难的。2）ofsb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品徳，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good,kind,nice,clever,foolish,rightoIt"sveryniceofyoutohelpme.*for与of的辨别方法：用介词后面的代词作主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of,不通则用for。如：Youarenice.（通顺，所以应用00。Heishard.（人是困难的，不通，因此应用for。课后巩1.MrSmithesplane.Let"swaitforhimhere.A.hasn"tarrivedB.didrftarriveC・doesn"tarriveD.couldn"tarrive2.Almostallthewatergone.Pleasesavewater!A.areB.isC.haveD.were3-—Look!Thereisatalltreeoverthere•Canyou,Dave?一Yes,letmehaveatry•A.falloffitB.sendupC・comedownitD.climbupit4.MrLiisout.Butheheretenminutesago.A.wasB.isC.willbeD.wouldbe5.—Look!Thebusiscoming.—Butit，sfullofpeople•Wecan,it•A.getoffB.getdownC.getonwithD・geton6.It"ssixcfclocknow.It"stime•A.getupB.gotupC.togetupD.gettingup 4.JaneanewdresseverymonthwhenshewasinShanghai.A.buysB・isbuyingC・boughtD・willbuy5.EveryoneexceptTomandJohntherewhenthemeetingbegan.A.isB・wasC.areD・were6.Theflowersstarttoinspring•A.comeinB.comeoutC.comeformD.cometo7.Excuseme.MayIyoutopassmethesugar?A.keepB.makeC.letD.trouble8.一Whojumpsthefarthestinyourschool?一Henry•A.doesB.jumpsC・hasD.is9.Youwereonthefarmyesterday，you?A.didn"tB.don"tC.aren"tD.weren"t10.Thegirlenjoystotheradioverymuch•A.listenB.tolistenC.listeningD.listened11.MrKinginBeijingsince1980.HeteachesEnglishinamiddleschool.A.livesB.islivingC.livedD.haslived12.HowlongmayIthelibrarybook,please?A.lendB.keepC.borrowD・return