精编高中英语语法考点专题解析---第14章倒装 7页

高中英语语法考点专题解析第十四章倒装一、概说及分类倒装是一种语法手段，用以表示一定句子结构的需要和强调某一句子成分的需要。英语最基本的结构是主谓结构，倒装就是将这种比较固定的词序加以颠倒。倒装有两种：完全倒装和部分倒装。将主语和谓语完全颠倒过来，叫做完全倒装；只将助动词（包括情态动词）移至主语之前，叫做部分倒装。如：Howgoesthetime?Herecomesabus.NeverhaveIseenthefilm.Bynomeanscanwebetrayothers.二、语法倒装1、疑问句（包括一般疑问句）和特殊疑问句要倒装。Isshekind?Whereareyou?Whenwillusstartout?2、therebe存在句也是倒装句。Thereisabookonthetable.Therelivedafamouspoet.Therearemanywaystosolvetheproblem.3、感叹句中的倒装Howtallthetreeis!（表语前置）Whataniceskirtyourmotherhasbought.（宾语前置） 4、当句首为here>there>now、then等地点副词和时间副词，谓语动词为be、go、come等时，句子要倒装。如：HereisthepenyouarelookingfoeTheregoesthedoorbell.Nowcomesyouturn.Thencamehisfathe匚注意当主语为人称代词时，则不用倒装。如：Hereyouare.Thereherecomes.5、祝愿句中的倒装，如：Longlivepeace!Mayyoubehappy!Sobeit!6、虚拟条件从句中的谓语部分含有were>had或should时，可把它们放到句首，省去连词if,形成倒装句。如:WereIinyourposition,Iwoulddothesame.HadIfollowedyouradvice,Iwouldhavesucceeded.Shouldyougo,Iwouldaccompanyyou.7、代词so、neither（或nor、nomore）置于句首，要倒装。如果前面句子中所说的情况也适合后面句子，后面句子常用so（肯定句）、nor（neither）（否定句）引导构成倒装，并且用do（does、did）代替实义动词或用be动词和情态动词。如：Heisacollegestudent,soisshe.Myfatherlovesme,sodoesmymother.Iresembledmymother,sodidmybrother.Theycanleavenow,socanwe. Hedoesn5tlikethefilm,neither(nor)doI.Ican"tswim,neither(nor)canhe.Shecan^tunderstandthestory,nomorecanI.但如果不是表示情况的适合，而是对前面内容的肯定或同意，则不能倒装，如：Sheisalawyer,sosheis.Hecanswimacrosstheriver,sohecan.倒装句中的nor也可换为andnor或butnor;表示另一个人或物"也不”时，也可用andneithero如:Hecan"tspeakGerman,andnor(butnor)didhetryto.Iamnotgoodatdrawing,andneitherisshe.8、表示时间、次数或顺序的副词谓语句首时，常要倒装。如：LongdoIwaitbeforethetraincomes.TwicehaveIbeentoBeijing.ManyatimehaveImetherinthestreet.Oftendidhemaketelephonecallsback.Nextcomesyourturn.9、表示程度、方式的副词谓语句首时常倒装。如：WelldidIrememberthatearthquake・Gladlywillhehelpothers.10、副词短语位于句首时，常把主语与谓语倒装。如：Onthehillstandsatowe匚Oppositethestreetlivesanoldman.Betweenthemwaslyingababy.11、表语置于句首，倒装结构为“表语+连系动词+主语"。 Presentatthemeetingareleaders,teachersandstudents.（表语为形容词）Gonearethedayswhenhelivedpoorly.（表语为过去分词）Coveringmuchoftheearthssurfaceisablanketofwater（表语为“ng形式）Onthetablearebooks,pensandlivingthings.（表语为介词短语）Lasttoleavetheofficewastheworker.（表语为介词短语）12、从句中关系代词或关系副词的倒装。Hedidn^tknowwherethepostofficewas.（宾语从句中表语前置）Whateveryoudowillinfluenceyourself.（主语从句中宾语前置）Howeverbabyhebehaves,hisparentsdidn"tcriticizehimatall.（习犬语从句中习犬语前置）13、of短语的倒装Of短语修饰主语或表语时，如果太长，可以把of短语移到句首，语气更强。如：Ofhowtocontroltheairpollution,thequestionisunderdiscussion.Ofthehundredworkers,twentyarewoman.三、修鋅倒装1、否定副词或否定副词词组谓语句首时要倒装，不居句首时，则用正常语序。如：never、hardly>seldomxscarcely>barelynot>nowhere、notabit、notoftenxnotuntiRnosooner>stillless、onnoaccountatnotime^bynomeans>notonanyaccount>onnoconsiderationinnocircumstances>undernocircumstancesinnoway>innocase^hardly（scarcely）...whennosooner…than…、notonly...butalso…。如：Neverdoeshefailintheexam.LittlecanIrecallmychildhood.Nowherecanyoufindsuchanobleman.Onnoaccountwillhegiveup.NotoftendoeshesurftheInternet.Notuntiltheresultofexamcameoutdidshefeelrelaxed. Ihaveneverreadanovel.（正常语序）NeverhaveIreadanovel.（倒装）Hardlyhadhearrivedwhenitbegantorain.（倒装）Hehardlyhadarrivedwhenitbegantorain.（正常语序）2、themore...themore结构中的倒装。Themoreyousee,themoreyouknow.（宾语前置）Theharderyoustudy,themoresatisfiedyoufeel（主语前置、表语前置）3、“only+状语""谓语句首表示强调时用倒装，如不放在句首或虽在句首但不修饰状语时用正常语序。如：Onlybuybuscanwegetthere.Onlyinthiswaycanyousolveit.OnlythendidIrealizemyfault.OnlyoncehaveIseenhe匚Onlywhenhefaileddidheknowhehadn^tstudiedhard.Weknewhehadn"tstudiedhardonlywhenhefailed.Onlyyoucanconvincehe匚4、为了加强语气“so（such）...that"结构中的so和such谓语句首时要倒装；tosuchadegree（anextent）或tosuchlengths等介词短语谓语句首时，也要用倒装。如：Shewassuchagoodgirlthatshewaspopularwithus.Suchagoodgirlwasshethatshewaspopularwithus.Theforceofexplosionwassuchthatthewindowwasbroken.Suchwastheforceofexplosionthatthewindowwasbroken.Hewassocleveraboythathisparentswereproudofhim.Socleveraboywashethathisparentswereproudofhim.Herunssofastthatotherscan，tcatchupwithhim. Sofastdoesherunthatotherscan"tcatchupwithhim.Tosuchadegreedoesheloveherthathecan"tseparatewithhci;5、as、though引导的让步状语从句常用倒装结构，其结构一般为“形容词（副词、动词、名词、分词）+as/though+主语+谓语"。如：Girlassheis,sheisbrave・Strangethoughitappears,itistrueinfact.LookasIwouldupanddown,Isawnothing.Beamaneversorich,oneshouldwordhard.Beheoldoryoung,hemustobeytherule.另外，as和that引导原因状语从句，从句要倒装。如：Standingashedoesonthehill,hecanappreciatethebeautifulsceneryofthevillage.Cloudythatitis,wechangeourmind・6、为了描写生动，in、out>away>off>up、down等放在句首要倒装。如：Outrunstheboy.Incameourteacher.OffwentTom.Awayflewthebird・Downfellthestone.上述结构若主语为代词，则用正常语序。如:Inhecomes.Outtheygo.7、在than和as引导的比较状语从句和方式状语从句中，如果谓语动词省略或表语省略，且主语相比较时，要用倒装，助动词放在主语前。如： Heisaskindasareyou.Iloveyoubetterthandoesshe.HelikesEnglish,asdootherstudents.Sheiswhite,asishermothe匚8、在否定回答中，not有时放在主语前面。如："Areyoubrave,,,9NotI"“willtheboybite"""Notif99、某些习惯用语中用倒装。如：Howgoesitwithyou?Howcameitthatyouwerealwayslate?