英语语法-句子结构-五大简单句 3页

句子结构-五大简单句TeachingAims:1)toknowthesentencestructuresinEnglish;2)toknowthedifferentfunctionsofdifferentpartsinthesentence.简单句的五种基本句型1.主语+谓语S+V2.主语+谓语+宾语S+V+O3.主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾补S+V+O+C4.主语+谓语+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(物)S+V+O+O5.主语+系动词+表语S+LV+P英语句子当中的成分分为：主、谓、宾、定、状、补六类。宾语：表示动词的对象、承受者或后果。定语：用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。状语：句子重要修饰成分，是谓语的另一个附加成分，附加在谓语中心语补语：起补充说明作用的部分，作用对象是主语和宾语，具有鲜明的定语性描写或限制性功能。1.主语S+谓语Vi(不及物动词)Isee.I’lltry.Timeflies.Hecanswim.Whoknows?Thatdepends.Everybodysmiled.Waterflows.Thechildrenareplaying.Timissleeping.Sheiscrying.Heisreading.It’ssnowing.该句型中的动词为不及物，不及物动词词义自身完全，不需要宾语补足其意义，但有些动词词义必须由一个状语（不能没有状语）进行补充。Birdssingbeautifully.Hereadsloudly.Hewentonholiday.Wegoforawalk.Theysitunderthetree.Yoursisterdancesbeautifully.JimandTomstudytogethereveryday.Sheswimslikeafish.Herlecturelastedanhour.Sheisstudyinghardattheuniversity.Therebe句型也属于这一结构。There本身无词义常弱读，其后的动词be具有”存在”之义，所以是一实意动词。Thereisatelephoneinthatroom.Therewasaconcertlastnight.2.主语S+谓语Vt(及物动词)+宾语(O)这里的谓语为及物动词或者相当于一个及物动词的短语动词。2.1主语+谓语+名词（代词）Weloveourcountry.Ilikemusic.Isawher.Jane’slookingafterthechildren.Heknowseverything.Helovespoetry.2.2主语+谓语+动名词Sheloveswindowshopping.Ienjoylivinghere.Jane’slookingafterthechildren.Ipreferstanding. 2.3主语+谓语+不定式Iwanttohelphim.Hedecidedtoleave.We’reexpectingtoseeyousoon.Ipretendedtobecheated.Soonhewenttosleep.2.4主语+谓语+反身代词Ican’texpressmyselfinEnglish.NowI’llintroducemyself.Icansupportmyself.2.5主语+谓语+that引导的宾语从句Iguesswe’llleavenow.Idon’tthink(that)heisright.Iheardthatyou’reback.2.6主语+谓语+连接副（代）词引导的宾语从句Idon’tknowwhattodo.DoyouunderstandwhatImean?Iwonderhowoldheis.Theteacherwillexplainhowtodoit.HeforgotwhoIwas.Idon’tcarewhattheysay.3.主语S+谓语VT+宾语O+宾补OCI’llmakeyouclear.3.1主语+谓语+宾语（名词/代词）+宾补（名词）WenamedourpuppyBaby.Hewasfoundwounded.Theymadehimchairman.常用于这句型的动词有：appoint,call,choose,elect,entitle,find,make,name,nominate.3.2主语+谓语+宾语（名词/代词）+宾补（形容词）Hepaintedthewallwhite.Pleasekeeptheroomcleanandtidy.Henevermademesad.Ifoundthebookeasy.Whatmadeyouangry?常用这句型的动词：beat,boil,cut,drive,find,get,hold,keep,leave,like,make,paint,see,set,turn,want,wash,wipe,wish,etc.3.3主语+谓语+宾语（名词/代词）+宾补（介词短语PrepPhrase）Shealwayskeepseverythingingoodorder.Whatmakesyouinsuchahurry?3.4主语+谓语+宾语（名词/代词）+宾补（不定时）Iwishyoutostay.Ipersuadedhimtogiveupsmoking.Didhemakeyoucry?Theteachertoldustostudyhard.I’lllethimgo.（不带to的动词不定式go作宾语）4.主语S+谓语VT+间接宾语InO（人）+直接宾语DO（物/事）Igiveyouhelp.4.1S+VT+N/Pron+NIsenthimabook.IboughtMayabook.Hebroughtmeapresent.Ishowedhimmypassport.I’lltellyouastory.SissyteachesusEnglish.Shegavemehertelephonenumber.ShegaveajobtoJohn.HegaveSandyapenyesterday.=HegaveapentoSandyyesterday.Fathermademeakite=Fathermadeakiteforme.4.2S+VT+N/Pron+To/For-phraseHesentabooktome.Heboughtacoatforme.Theydidn’tofferanyhelptous.间接宾语前需要加to的常用动词有:bring,throw,give,hand,lend,pass,read,sell,send,show,tell,teach,wish,write,refuse,pay,promise,permit,offer,owe,leave,allow,deny,grant,etc. 间接宾语前需要加For的常用动词有：make,cook,buy,play,sing,bring,cash,choose,fetch,get,leave,order,paint,save,spare,etc.4.3S+VT+N/Pron+Wh-Clause/Wh-word+infinitiveHeshowmehowtodoit.Heaskedmewhatheshoulddo.4.4S+VT+N/Pron+That-ClauseHetoldmethatthefilmwasgreat.5.主语S+谓语V/系动词lV+表语P/补语WeareChinese.除了Be系动词外，还有一些动词可以用作系动词，如：1)表示感官的动词，处于某种状态。Feel,smell,taste,sound,look,appear,seem,etc.E.g.Theboylookshealthy.Theroseslookverybeautifulandsmellsweet.Thisdishtastesverydelicious.Sheappearedcalm.Themedicinetastesawful.Thereportsoundstrue.2)表示转变变化的动词，状态的改变become,get,grow,turn,go,etc.E.g.Herfaceturnsred.Themachinegoeswrong.Theseaisgrowingcalm.Graduallyhebecamesilent.3)表示延续的动词，状态的延续remain,keep,seem,hold,stay,rest,etc.E.g.Itremainsrainingthesedays.Theystayedawaketowork.Thislawholdsgood.Jennykeptsilent.4)表示瞬时的动词come,fall,set,cut,occur,etc.E.g.Yourdreamwillcertainlycometrue.表语的功能是表述主语的特征状态身份等。它位于联系动词之后，与之构成所谓的系表结构。主+系+名词（代词）Heisaboy.Thisismine.Hebecamekingwhenhewasachild.Weremainfriends.Sheisbeautiful.Areyoubusy?主+系+副词Classisover.Areyouthere?Isanybodyin?Heisingoodhealth.Theshowisfromseventillten.Theyappearoutofbreath.