高二英语语法复习人教版 9页

高二英语语法复习人教版【本讲教育信息】一.教学内容：语法复习：1.过去分词做状语2.复习分词的各种形式（doing;havingdone;havingbeendone）做状语。二.知识总结与归纳：（一）过去分词可以做一个陈述句的时间，原因，条件，让步等状语。结构：过去分词短语，主句（主语+谓语）相当于（1）表示被动语态的时间，原因，条件，让步状语从句。例：1.Kickedoutfromthiscompany,hehadtofindanewjob.2.Oncepublished,hisworkbecamefamousfortheabsenceofrhymeattheendofeachline.3.Seenfromthetop,itlooksasifthestadiumiscoveredbyagraynetofsteel.4.Bentroofandtwenty-foothighwallsofglassmakethemspecialwhencomparedwithotherarchitecturefromthesameperiod.5.Givenmoretime,wewouldbeabletodotheworkmuchbetter.6.Leftaloneathome,Samdidnotfeelafraidatall.7.OncetranslatedintoChinese,thebookbecameverypopularamongChineseteenagers.（2）含主系表结构（be+V-ed形式）表示状态或性质的状语从句。例：1.Deeplyinterestedinmedicine,shedecidedtobecomeadoctor.2.Excitedbyoursuccess,wedecidedtocelebratewithdinner.3.Shockedatthewasteofmoney,Idecidedtoleavethatcompany.4.Well-knownforherskillasadesigner,shewasinvitedtoworkwiththecompany.5.SurprisedatwhatBerryhaddone,hedidn’tknowwhattosayatfirst.（二）过去分词表达的动作先于主句的动作，表示：已经被……结构：havingbeendone短语，主句（主语+谓语……）1.HavingbeentranslatedintoChinese,thebookbecameverypopularinChina.2.Afterhavingbeenexaminedcarefully,theroomwaslockedagain.3.Havingbeenexhaustedbythejourney,hewentstraighttobed.4.Havingbeentaughtmanytimes,hestillmadethesamemistake.（三）复习：现在分词（doing短语）以及它的完成式（havingdone短语）做时间、原因，条件，让步状语；相当于表示主动意义的状语从句。例：结构：doing短语，主句（主语+谓语……）当……时，/由于……/如果……havingdone短语，主句（主语+谓语……）已经……之后 1.Livingfarfromschool,heisoftenlate.2.Knowingthatherdaughtergotsickatschool,shehurriedtoschooltotakeherhome.3.Nothavingreceivedanynewsfromhomeformanyyears,shegotmoreandmorehomesick.4.Drivingtotheairport,hehitaboyonthebike.5.Hearingthemusic,hebegantogethomesick.6.Beingquiteill,hehadtogiveupthechanceofgoingonapicnic.7.Havinggotmarried,helivedseparatelyfromhisparents.（四）分词短语的逻辑主语应当与主句主语一致。如果分词短语的主语不是主句的主语，则分词短语的主语（名词）应放在分词前面。1.Timepermitting,we’llcallonourteacher.2.Workfinished,hepreparedtoreturnhome.3.Theshowerbeingover,wecontinuedworking.（五）总结及解题思路：根据分词短语与主句主语的关系（主动，被动）和时间顺序（在主句动作之前，或与主句同时发生）来确定做状语的分词的形式。（六）分词在陈述句后面，做陈述句的伴随状语或结果状语：表示伴随动作的分词根据它们与主句主语的关系（主动/被动），选用doing或done短语表达。1.Hewasstanding,holdingontoatreethatgrewagainstthewall.2.Thereshestopped,listeningtothestrangesounds,whilethewholehousemoved.3.Atlasthestoppedrunning,sweatstreamingdownhisface.【典型例题】一.单项选择：1.____in1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.A.BeingfoundedB.ItwasfoundedC.FoundedD.Founding.分析：根据句意：Harvard大学创建于1636年，“创建”与主句主语Harvard为被动关系。答案：C2.Hearingthenews,hehurriedout,___book___onthetableanddisappearedintothedistance.A.left;lainopenB.leaving;lyingopenC.leaving;lieopenD.left;lyingopened分析：根据句意：听到这个消息，他匆匆跑出去，消失在远方，但他的书还打开着放在桌上。hurriedout和disappeared是连续的动作。而___book___onthetable则是伴随的动作。答案：B3.Though____money,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.A.lackedB.lackingofC.lackingD.lackingin分析：根据句意：虽然缺少钱，他的父母还是想方设法把他送进了大学。Lackof（缺乏）与主语hisparents为主动关系。答案：B4.____moreattention,thetreecouldhavegrownbetter. A.GivenB.TogivenC.GivingD.Havinggiven分析：根据句意：如果给予更多的关注，树会长得更好。____moreattention做条件状语，give与主语thetree为被动关系，用过去分词做状语。答案：A5.___inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.Tolose分析：由于走神了，他差点撞到汽车上。lostinthought形容词短语：走神。答案：C二.翻译句子：1.泰德拒绝了朋友去海洋公园的邀请，因为他已经去过两次了。答案：HavingbeentotheOceanParktwice,Tedrefusedhisfriend’sinvitationtogothere.Tedrefusedhisfriend’sinvitationtogototheOceanParkbecausehehadbeentheretwice.2.从远处看，这个岛屿就象一朵彩云。答案：Viewedfromthedistance,theislandlookedlikeacolorcloud.Whenitwasviewedfromthedistance,theislandlookedlikeacolorcloud.3.他出身与一个贫困家庭，只上过两年学。答案：Bornintoapoorfamily,hehadonlytwoyearsofschooling.Ashewasbornintoapoorfamily,hehadonlytwoyearsofschooling.4.Firstbuiltasanexclusiveplaygroundforthe60’sjetsetbyamemberofitsown,A&PSupermarketheirHuntingtonHartford,overtheyearstheclubdidclosesomeofitsluster,butneveritsbeautifulsetting.答案：翻译：最初的时候，海洋俱乐部只是一个为六十年代有钱人阶层专门建立的私人俱乐部，其创建者HuntingtonHartford是A&P超市的继承人，也是富人阶层的一分子。多年之后，俱乐部已失去原有的一些光彩，但是它那优美的环境依旧保存完好。【模拟试题】（答题时间：50分钟）一.单项选择：1.____wrongwiththeengine,hestoppedhiscar.A.FeelingsomethinggoB.FeelingsomethingtogoC.TofeelsomethinggoneD.Havingfeltsomethinggone2.____myparents’letter,Idecidedtowriteagain.A.NotreceiveB.NottoreceiveC.NotreceivedD.Nothavingreceived3.Thenewmachine,if___properly,willworkforatleasttenyears.A.useB.usingC.beingusedD.used4.____,theyoungmanishealthyandstrong.A.FullydevelopedB.FullydevelopingC.HavingfullydevelopedD.Tobefullydeveloped5.___tomakeaspeech,hesaidhewouldbeverygladto. A.WhenaskedB.WhenaskingC.TobeaskedD.Whenhewasasking6.When___,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.A.CompletedB.completingC.beingcompletedD.tobecompleted二.完型填空NormanCousinswasabusinessmanfromtheUnitedStateswhooftentraveledaroundtheworldonbusiness.Heenjoyedhis___1__andtraveling.ThenafterreturningtotheUnitedStatesfroma__2__triptoRussia.Mr.Cousinsgotsick.Becausehehadpushedhisbodytothe__3__ofitsstrengthonthetrip,achangebegantotakeplace_4__him.Thematerialsbetweenhisbonesbecame__5__.Inlessthanoneweekafterhisreturn,hecouldnot__6___.Everymovethathe_7___waspainful.Hewasnotabletosleepatnight.ThedoctorstoldhimthattheydidnotknowhowtocureMr.Cousins’problemandhemightnever___8__overtheillness.Mr.Cousins,however,refusedtogiveup___9___.Mr.Cousinsthoughtthat___10___thoughtswerecausingbadchemicalchangesinhisbody.Hedidnotwanttotakemedicinetocurehimself.___11__,hefeltthathappythoughtsor_12____mightcurehisillness.Hebeganto_13__onhimselfwhilestillinhospitalbywatchingfunnyshowsontelevision.Mr.Cousinsquicklyfoundthat10minutesofreallaughterduringthe__14____gavehimtwohoursofpain-freesleepatnight.__15___thedoctorscouldnothelphim.Mr.Cousinsleftthehospitalandcheckedintoahotelroomwherehecould__16___hisexperimentswithlaughter.Foreightdays,Mr.Cousinsrestedinthehotelroomwatchingfunnyshowsontelevision,readingfunnybooks,andsleeping__17___hefelttired.Withinthreeweeks,hefeltwell__18____totakeavacationtoPuertoRicowherehebeganrunningonthebeachfor__19____.Afterafewmonths,Mr.Cousinsreturnedtowork.Hehadlaughedhimselfbackto__20___.1.A.timeB.holidayC.sleepD.work2.A.boringB.tiringC.dangerousD.pleasant3.A.topB.degreeC.problemD.limit4.A.fromB.aroundC.insideD.beside5.A.weakB.illC.falseD.painful6.A.speakB.breatheC.standD.see7.A.madeB.didC.tookD.gave8.A.lookB.getC.turnD.think9.A.effortB.hopeC.treatmentD.arrangement10.A.foolishB.unusualC.funnyD.unhappy11.A.InsteadB.HoweverC.ThereforeD.Otherwise12.A.sleepB.travelC.laughterD.television13.A.rescueB.operateC.tryD.experiment14.A.dayB.weekC.monthD.year15.A.PromisingB.DecidingC.DoubtingD.Recognizing16.A.inventB.beginC.continueD.prove 17.A.untilB.wheneverC.unlessD.sothat18.A.soonB.completelyC.slowlyD.enough19.A.exerciseB.illnessC.restD.pleasure20.A.powerB.senseC.healthD.happiness三.阅读理解：AItisimportanttoknowanotherlanguageandhowtocommunicatewithoutwordswhenyouareinanothercountry.Beforesayinganything,peoplecommunicatewitheachotherbyusinggestures（手势）.However,manygestureshavedifferentmeanings,ornomeaningatall,indifferentpartsoftheworld.IntheUnitedStates,noddingyourheadupanddownmeans“yes”,whileinsomepatsofGreeceandTurkey,itmeans“no”.InthesoutheastofAsia,itisapolitewayofsaying“Iheardyou”.TodayintheUSA,whensomeoneputshisthumbup,itmeans“Everythingisallright.”However,inGreeceitisbad.Alsoputtingyourclasped（紧握的）handsupaboveyourheadmeans“Iamthewinner.”Itisthesignwhichplayersoftenmake.InRussiaitisthesignoffriendship.IntheUSA,holdingyourhandupwiththethumbandindexfinger（食指）,andtheotherthreestraightmeans“EverythingisOK.”InFrance,itmeans“Youareworthnothing.”Itisalsoimportanttomakeeyecommunication.IfyoulookdownwhentalkingtoanAmerican,heorshemayfeelthatyouareshy,oryouaretryingtohidesomething.Besidesthese,youshouldalsoknowtherearesometopicsthatcannotbetalkedabout,suchasage,weightandmarriage.Youcantalkabouttheweather,work,sports,food,whereonelivesandnewsoftheday.1.Whichofthefollowingistrue?A.Peopleallovertheworldonlycommunicatebywords.B.Manygestureseitherhavedifferentmeaningsornomeaningsatall.C.Gesturesarethemostcommonwaytocommunicate.D.Peoplecantalkaboutanythinginanothercountry.2.InGreecenoddingyourheadmeans“_________.”A.Yes.B.NoC.IheardyouD.Iamthewinner3.Puttingthethumbupshouldnotbeusedin_____.A.GreeceB.theUSAC.EnglandD.China4.Whatdoesthissentencemean“….youractioncanspeaklouderthanyourwords”?A.Whatyoudoisbetterthanwhatyousay.B.Youtryyourbesttobepolite.C.Youarebetterunderstoodbyyourgesturesthanthroughyourwords.D.Whatyousayisbetterthanwhatyoudo.5.Themainideaofthepassageisthatwhenyouareinanothercountry,_____.A.itisimportanttoknowthelanguage.B.itisimportanttoknowwhatyoutalkabouttoaforeigner.C.toknowhowtocommunicatewithoutwordsisasimportantastoknowthelanguage. D.tocommunicatethroughgesturesismoreimportantthantoknowthelanguage.BThedesiretomakeexplorationsisbornwithman.Whereverhisimaginationgoes,manalsohasastrongwishtogo.Alargepartofhumanhistoryisconsideredwiththeexplorationoftheworldinwhichwelive.Againandagainpeoplehavesetoutwithsurprisingcourageandpatiencetolookintounknownregionsandlandstoseewhathadnotyetbeenseen,tomaketheunknownknown.Withkites,balloonsandaircrafttheyleftthegroundtopassthroughtheloweratmosphere.Nowtheouterspacereceivestheirattention.Whyshouldmantakethetroubleofconqueringspace?Itishardtolistthespecificpracticalbenefitsthatwillsurelyseeanddiscovernewthingsinspacethatwillincreaseourscientificknowledge,andthisnewknowledgewillfinditswayintovaluablepracticaluses.Whatwelearnaboutmanhimself,fromhisexperienceinspace,andfromtheeffectsofspaceandthespaceflightenvironmentonhim,willbeextremelyvaluable.Thenewtechniquesdevelopedtocarryouttheexplorationofspace,andtokeepmanaliveinspace,willcertainlyfindpracticalusesineverydaylifeinsomeway.Theareasthatwillbenefitsaremanifold.Theyincludecommunication,generationofpower,transportationandtravel,foodproduction,materials,fuelsandmanyothers.Buttosaydefinitelyjustwhatthepracticalresultswillbeisalmostimpossible.1.Themainideaofthefirstparagraphisthat___.A.mandesiretoexplorewhatisunknown.B.manoftengoeswhereverhisdreamsgoC.manisnolongerinterestedinthestudyofthelandandseanow.D.man’shistoryishisexplorationoftheworld.2.Theword“manifold”inthesecondparagraphprobablymeans___.A.vastB.variousC.valuableD.practical3.Theauthorseemstobeinfavorof___.A.doubtingthenecessityofthespaceexplorationB.theexplorationofspaceC.exploringmoreinspacethaninseaD.hisexperienceinspace4.InthelastsentenceofParagraph2thephrase“practicalresult”referstotheresults___.A.thatareobtainedfromexperienceB.thatcanbelearnedasknowledgeC.thatcanbemadeuseofD.helpingusmakefurtherexploration. 【试题答案】一.单项选择：1.A解析：____wrongwiththeengine做全句的原因状语，feel与主语具有主动关系，用-ing形式做状语，gowrong做宾语something的补足语。2.D解析：由于没有受到父母的来信，在全句中做原因状语，动作在主句decidedtowriteagain动作之前，用-ing的完成式Nothavingdone结构做状语3.D解析：如果被使用恰当，过去分词做条件状语。4.A解析：如果进行全面发展，过去分词做状语，与主句主语构成被动关系。5.A解析：当被要求讲话时，他说他很高兴。6.A解析：当博物馆被完工（竣工）时，它将与明年对公众开放。二.完型填空1.D解析：他很喜欢他的工作和旅行出差2.B解析：从到俄罗斯的令人疲惫不堪的出差回到美国。Tiring预示下文提到的Mr.Cousins生病。3.D解析：在旅途中，他把他的身体的体力推向了极限4.C解析：于是他的身体内部发生了变化5.A解析：他的骨头之间的物质变得脆弱了。本题另外三个选项与主语搭配不合适。6.C解析：他几乎无法站立了7.A解析：他所做的每一个动作都让他感到疼痛。做运动：makeamove8.B解析：医生告诉他，他们无法解决他的问题，他可能不能从他的疾病中恢复过来。getover：从病中恢复过来。9.B解析：Mr.Cousins拒绝放弃治疗的希望。10.D解析：Mr.Cousins认为一些不愉快的想法正在他的体内产生着某种化学变化。此处与下文的happythoughts相对应。11.A解析：他不想进行药物治疗，相反，12.C 解析：他认为愉快的想法或放声大笑能治愈他的疾病。13.D解析：在住院期间他开始用观看滑稽电视节目来进行实验。experimentonsomebody：拿某人做实验。14.A解析：他发现白天10分钟的开心大笑能给他带来夜间两小时的舒适睡眠。duringtheday对应下一句的atnight.15.B解析：已经肯定医生无法再帮助他了。deciding:确定。16.C解析：他离开医院在旅馆里继续他的实验。17.A解析：他在房间里反复看电视娱乐节目，读书，睡觉，做这些事直到他感到累了为止。18.D解析：他感到身体足够健康了19.A解析：他开始出国度假并在海边跑步锻炼。20.C解析：他通过笑使自己恢复了健康。三.阅读理解：A1.B解析：细节判断题，根据第一段However,manygestureshavedifferentmeanings,ornomeaningatall,indifferentpartsoftheworld.可以得知：许多手势在某些地区要么有着不同的含义要么根本就没有任何意义。2.B解析：根据第二段内容可以得知点头在希腊某些地区的含义。3.A解析：根据第三段：TodayintheUSA,whensomeoneputshisthumbup,itmeans“Everythingisallright.”However,inGreeceitisbad.可以得知树大拇指在希腊的含义不同于在美国。它是“不好”的表示，不应使用。C，D两项文章没有涉及。4.C解析：语句理解。根据第一段内容：人们在国外与人交流要么懂得外语，要么学会使用手势交流。所以说“通过手势动作比通过语言能更好地被人理解。5.C解析：考查文章的主旨。第一段第一句交代了文章的主题。B1.A解析：考查文章的主旨大意。从第一段Againandagainpeoplehavesetoutwithsurprisingcourageandpatiencetolookintounknownregionsandlandstoseewhathadnotyetbeenseen,tomaketheunknownknown.可知。2.B 解析：词义猜测。从第二段Thenewtechniquesdevelopedtocarryouttheexplorationofspace,andtokeepmanaliveinspace,willcertainlyfindpracticalusesineverydaylifeinsomeway.可知theareasthatwillbenefit是广泛多样的。文章下文说明获利饿各个方面。3.B解析：从全文看，作者对探索太空持赞成态度。4.C解析：文章最后一句意思是：但是要确切地说这种实际结果是什么将是不可能的。这种实际结果就是能应用上文所提到的各种领域所获得的利益。