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高二英语语法复习:情态动词人教实验版【本讲教育信息】一.教学内容:语法复习:情态动词情态动词(一)情态动词的基本用法1.can、beableto和could(1)can和beableto都表示能力,意思上没多大区别。但can只有现在和过去时,而beableto则有更多的形式。但当成功地完成某一具体动作时,通常不用could而用was/wereableto来表示。这时was/wereableto相当于managedto,表示经过一番努力,终于能够完成某事。如:Canyouusechopsticks?Thewoundedmanstillwasabletogettothevillageandwassavedintheend.(2)can和couldcan和could都可以表示能力、技能、许可、建议或请求和可能性。但比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法,一般用could,回答时则用can。如:Couldyouhelpmecarrythebag?CanIhelpyou?2.may/might(1)may/might表示可能,但may比might可能性大。如:-Whyisn’theinclass?—Hemaybesick.(生病的可能性较大)—Hemightbesick.(生病的可能性较小)(2)may/might表示“允许”,may用于现在时或将来时,might常用在间接引语中表过去时,但might也可用于现在时,表示比较委婉的语气,回答用may。如:Hesayswemayleave.Hesaidwemightleave.(3)may/might表示建议或请求,但might比may 更客气,意思更肯定而无过去时态的含义。3.must(1)must表示必须,应该,没有时态变化。如:YoumustdoeverythingasIdo.(2)must表示肯定的推测。如:Thelightisstillon,sohemustbeathome.(3)mustn’t表示禁止做某事。如:Youmustn’tsmokeintheoffice.4.havetohaveto表示“必须、不得不”,是由于某种外界(客观)原因而“必须”,“不得不”做某事,也可表示经常的或习惯性的事“必须”做。haveto的否定形式表示不必。haveto可用于多种时态中。如:Youwillhavetocleanyourownbootswhenyoujointhearmy.用心爱心专心
Ihavetobeatmyofficeeveryevening.5.should/oughtto(1)should和oughtto表示应当、应该,前者比后者语气轻。如:Youshould/oughttoworkhard.(2)should/oughtto表推测Sincesheisnothere,sheshould/oughttobeintheclassroom.(3)should/oughtto的否定形式表示禁止之意。如:Childrenshouldn’tsmoke.(4)should可表示陈述意见,提出建议或请求;而oughtto可以表示劝告之意。如:Yououghttorespectyourparents.Hesuggestedthattheyshouldleaveatonce.6.will/would(1)will用于各种人称表示“意志”、“意愿”或“决心”等,否定式won’t+动词。如:Iwilltellyouallaboutit.Tomwon’tdosuchathing.(2)will用于疑问句中,常用在第二人称时表示说话人向对方提出“请求”或“询问”如:Willyoupleasetellherthenewswhenyouseeher?(3)will表示习惯性的动作,有“总是”、“惯于”的含义。如:Fishwilldieoutofwater.(4)would表示客气的请求、建议或意愿。如:Wouldyoupleasebequiet?Wouldyoulikecoffee?(5)would表示过去反复发生的动作。如:WhenIpassedmyschoolIwouldseemyteacherswhotaughtme5yearsago.7.needneed作“必要”讲,既可作情态动词,也可作实义动词。作实义动词时后面的动词不定式要带to,其变化与一般动词相同。如:Ineedtothinkitover.—Needyougonow?—Yes,Imust./No,Ineedn’t8.daredare表示“敢”的意思。作为情态动词时,主要用在疑问句和否定句中。dare若作实义动词,后面可带to的不定式,此时to也可以省略。dare与need的用法相似。如:Howdareyousaythat?Shedoesn’tdare(to)askherfather.9.usedtousedto表示过去常常发生的动作或存在的习惯,但现在已不复存在了。如:Heusedtosmoke.10.shall(1)shall作为情态动词用于第二、三人称,表示说话人的意愿,有“命令”、“警告、威胁、强制”和“允许”等意思。如:Weshalldoasourteachersays.用心爱心专心
YoushallhavethebookassoonasIfinishit.(2)在疑问句中,shall用于征求对方的意见或请求指示,常用于第一、第三人称。如:Whereshallhewaitforus?Shallwegooutforawalk?(二)情态动词表示推测或判断的用法下表即是表示推测的情态动词使用的场合:情态动词对现在和未来的推测对过去的推测使用场合Mustmust+动词原形musthavedone肯定句May/mightmay/might+动词原形may/mighthavedone肯定句、否定句can/couldcan/coulddocan/couldhavedone否定句、疑问句(could可用于肯定句)should用来表示一种估计的情况“按理会/估计会”shoulddo/beshouldhavedone肯定句、否定句、疑问句例如:Itmusthaverainedlastnight.Shemaynotbeathome.=Itispossiblethatsheisnotathome.Shecan’tbeathome.=Itisimpossiblethatsheisathome.Theyshouldbethererightnow.(三)情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法情态动词用于虚拟语气中表示责备的感情色彩,用法如下:(1)shouldhavedone表示“本来应该做某事而实际上未做”,而shouldn’thavedone则表示“本不应该做某事而实际上做了”。如:Youshouldhavetoldmeaboutitearlier.Youshouldn’thavesaidsuchwordstoyourparents.(2)oughttohavedone也表示“本应该……”而oughtnottohavedone则意为“本不应该……”。如:Yououghttohavetoldmeaboutitearlier.Yououghtnottohavesaidsuchwordstoyourparents.(3)needn’thavedone表示“本无必要做某事而实际上做了”。如:Youneedn’thavewalkedsoquicklysincetimewasenough.(4)couldhavedone表示“本来有可能……而事实上未做到”。如:Icouldhavecomeontime,butmycarbrokeontheway.情态动词笔记:(一)情态动词的基本含义:1.表示能力用can,could,beableto比较:could与was/wereableto=表示经过一番努力才能做到=managedtodo=succeededindoing用心爱心专心
eg.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelquicklybuteveryone___getout.A.hadtoB.wouldC.wasabletoD.couldAcomputer_______thinkforitself,itmustbetoldwhattodo.A.can’tB.couldn’tC.maynotD.mightnot2.表示可能性can-could-may-might(可能性依次减小)3.表示义务,命令,要求“必须,应该”must,haveto,should,oughtto区别:must主观看法haveto客观需要Youcan’timaginethatawell-behavedgentleman_____besorudetoalady.A.mightB.needC.shouldD.would4.表示意愿和决心shall,will,wouldrathershall用于第二,三人称表“命令,警告,允诺,威胁”eg.—Excuseme,butIwanttouseyourcomputertotypeareport.—You____havemycomputerifyoudon’ttakecareofit.A.shan’tB.mightnotC.needn’tD.shouldn’tkey:A翻译:我宁愿去钓鱼而不去逛街。_______________________________________________________我宁愿你不要抽烟。_______________________________________________________5.表示“过去常常”would过去的习惯性动作usedto强调过去的行为同现在的对比“过去怎样,而现在却不这样了”Mother_______usstorieswhenwewerewrong.A.wasusedtotellB.isusedtotellingC.usedtotellD.usedtotelling6.表推测肯定:may–should-must否定:maynot–can’t–couldn’t对现在或将来的事进行推测:情态动词+do对过去已发生的事进行推测:情态动词+havedoneeg.—Isn’tthatAnn’shusbandoverthere?—No,it___behim.I’msurehedoesn’twearglasses.A.can’tB.mustnotC.won’tD.maynot—IstayedatahotelwhileinNewYork.—Oh,didyou?You___withBarbara.A.couldhavestayedB.couldstayC.wouldstayD.musthavestayed(二)必背固定用法:should/oughtto+havedone“本应该”表示过去应该做而没有做的事,也可表惊讶,赞叹,责备等情绪shouldn’t/oughtnotto+havedone“本不应该”表示过去不应该做某事却做了couldhavedone“本能够,本可以”表示过去本可以做某事,但却没做musthavedone“一定做了某事”needn’thavedone“本没有必要”,表示过去本没有必要做某事,但却做了用心爱心专心
can’ttoo…to…无论怎样也不过分,越……越好can’thelpdoing情不自禁做某事may/mightaswelldo还是做……的好wouldratherdo…thando…宁愿做……也不愿做……1.()Therewasplentyoftime,she____________.A.mustnothurryB.needn’thavehurriedC.maynothurryD.mightnothavehurried2.()Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.You_______homewithoutaword.A.mustn’tleaveB.mustn’thaveleftC.shouldn’thaveleftD.couldn’thaveleftE.needn’thaveleftF.couldhaveleft【模拟试题】一.用适当的情态动词填空1.—MayIsmokehere?—No,you___________.2.—MustIhaveinmypaperintwodays?—No,you_________.3.—Needhestaybehindafterschool?--Yes,he__________.4.You________(not)playwithfire.You________startafire.5.DoyouthinkI______apologizetotheteacherformyrudeness?6.—CouldIhavealookatyournewlydecoratedhouse?–Ofcourse,you_____.7.Withoutwater,there_____benolifeontheearth.8.Thispencillookslikemine,butitisn’t.Whose____itbe?9.Heisn’twhathe______be.Hehaschangedtomuch.10.IfI_______you,I______paymoreattentiontoEnglishidiomsandphrases.二.选择题1.Thiscouplehadbeenseparatedfortwentyyears,you_____imaginehowhappytheywerewhentheymetagain.A.mightB.willC.canD.must2.—Theyhaven’tfinishedtheworkuptonow.—Well,they________.A.shouldhaveB.shoulddoC.oughttohavefinishedD.oughthave3.—Welldone,Tom—Thanks,butgivenmoretime,I_____itmuchbetter.A.shouldhavedoneB.shoulddoC.mightnotdoD.couldhavedone4.Bythetimewegotthere,theyhadalreadyfinishedthework,sowe____there.A.needn’tgoB.needn’thavegoneC.didn’tneedn’ttogoD.shouldn’tgo5.You______sotired.We’veonlybeentoaparty.A.mustn’thavefeltB.wouldn’thavefeltC.shouldhaveleftD.couldn’thaveleft6.—Where____Margarethaveputtheemptybottles?用心爱心专心
—She____themaway.Theymustbesomewhere.A.can;can’thavethrownB.must;needn’tC.must;musthavethrownD.can;mustthrow7.Ican’tthinkwhyhe_________that;itwasmyfault.A.wouldhavesaidB.shouldhavesaidC.oughttohavesaidD.mighthavesaid8.We_____lastnight,butwewenttotheconcertinstead.A.musthavestudiedB.mightstudyC.shouldhavestudiedD.wouldstudy【试题答案】一.用适当的情态动词填空1.mustn’t2.needn’t/don’thaveto3.must4.mustn’t;may5.should6.can7.would8.can9.usedto10.were,would二.选择题1.Ccan与表示感官或知觉的动词see,hear,understand,imagine等连用,表“能力”。2.Ashould/oughtto+havedone表示“本应该做某事但事实上没做”对于一般疑问句的简短回答是oughttohave或shouldhave3.D表示一种与过去事实相反的虚拟证据。4.Bneedn’thavedone表示“本来不必做某事但却做了”5.C6.A7.B根据后面的Itwasmyfault判断,“他过去不该那么说”而事实是他那样做了,我不理解。8.C用心爱心专心