大作文开头段写法.doc 5页

6.3.2开头段写法6.3.2.1讨论类和观点类的开头段包括三句话：背景句、改写题目句、个人立场表达句。Sentence1：background(generalstatement)第一句话：文章的背景(一般的介绍)Sentence2：rephrasethetopic(thesisstatement)第二句话：改写题目(点明论题)Sentence3：personalopinionorbriefdescriptionofthemainbody.第三句话：个人立场或者中间主体部分的简单描述l背景句写法：首先，确定题目讨论哪个方面的问题，然后以这个问题为中心，写一句介绍性的话。真题7：Somepeoplewhohavebeensuccessfulinsocietydon’tattributetheirsuccesstothetheoreticalknowledgetheylearnedfromtheiruniversity．Doyouagreeordisagree?(题目大意：社会上成功的人并不将他们的成功归功于在大学里学的理论知识。你是否同意?)这个题目讨论的是个人成功(personalachievement)或者理论知识(theoreticalknowledge)，那么就围绕这几个单词写一个陈述句：开头句一：Peoplehavelongbeeninterestedinidentifyingtheforcesthatcontributetopersonalachievement．(人们长期以来都对找到影响个人成就的作用因素感兴趣。)开头句二：Theimportanceoftheoreticalknowledgetoone’ssuccessisamatterfordebate．(理论知识对个人成功的重要性是一个备受争论的话题。)烤鸭们可以记住一些开头句的句型，比如：Theimportanceof…to…isamatterfordebate.等，并将此运用在不同题目的练习中，这样就可以在考场上迅速写出背景句了。l改写题目第二句话是改写题目，点明论题。很多烤鸭们在这里容易犯两个错误：一是照抄题目，二是句子过长。解决方法如下：1．改写题目，而不是照抄题目。2．简洁地改写题目，避免累赘。真题8：Doyouthinkitisbettertosendcriminalstojailorletthemreceiveeducationorjobtraining?(题目大意：你觉得罪犯是在监狱里服刑好，还是接受教育或者工作培训好?)先写背景句：Thetreatmentofcriminalshasbeenopentodebateinrecentyears．(对罪犯的处理在最近几年已经被广泛地争论。)那么接下来，很多烤鸭们可能会在开头段第二句把题目照抄上去：Somepeoplethinkitisbettertosendcriminalstojailsthantoletthemreceiveeducationorjobtraining．这样的写法不会给考官留下好的印象。如何有效改写题目呢？烤鸭们可以通过下面三种方法来改写题目：1)加上常用句型:Thereismuchcontroversyoverwhethertosendcriminalstojailortoletthemreceiveeducationorjobtraining．2)改变句子成分的顺序:Somepeoplethinkthattosendcriminalstojailisbetterthantoletthemreceiveeducationorjobtraining．3)改变句子成分:Somepeoplethinkthatimprisonmentisbetterthaneducationorjobtrainingintreatingcriminals．l个人立场表达在讨论类和观点类文章中，第三句话有两种写法：一种是阐明自己的立场；另一种是不阐明自己的立场，而只是简单说文章会讨论什么内容。真题9：Childreninsecondaryschoolstudyinternationalnewsasasubject，butsomethinkthat’sawasteoftime．Doyouagreeordisagree? (题目大意：中学生将国际新闻作为一个科目学习，但是一些人觉得这是浪费时间。讨论正反两种观点，并给出你的意见。)题目讨论的是国际新闻(internationalnews)，那么背景句可以是：Internationalnewsrepresentsoneofthemainsourcesofinformationfromwhichwediscoverwhatishappeningaroundtheworld．改写题目后的句子(即首段第二句)：However，whenitcomestoincludingitinthecurriculumatsecondaryschool，thereisanongoingdebate．第三句话的写法：阐明自己的立场(也就是具体支持或者反对哪一方面)。或者支持：Mypersonalviewisthatstudyinginternationalnewsisofbenefitstostudents．(我个人的观点是，学习国际新闻对学生有莫大的好处。)或者反对：Iamnotconvincedthatitisnecessary．(我不认为这是必要的。)注意：尽管在首段第三句话表明自己是支持的立场，在主体段落部分，烤鸭们仍然可以讨论缺点。6.3.2.2问题类题目的开头段问题类题目和其他两类题目的不同主要在于：问题类题目不是针对问题的争议性，而是针对问题的产生原因和解决方法。因此，虽然背景句和其他两类题目差不多，但第二和第三句有很大的不同。真题10：Whatarethecausesandsolutionsoftheproblemofthescarcityofwaterresource?(题目大意：水资源缺乏的主要原因和解决方法是什么?)题目讨论的是水资源缺乏(watershortage)，那么可以围绕这个词组写一个背景句：Watershortageisoneofthemostchallengingissuestoaddressinmanycountries．(水资源的缺乏在很多国家是有待解决的最具挑战性的事情之一。)然后改写题目：不要说有人争议水资源缺乏的问题，而是直接关注它的原因：Therearesomefactorsleadingtothisproblem．(有一些因素导致了这个问题。)最后一句话说清楚文章要讨论的内容：Someofthemostcommonfactorswillbediscussedbelow，followedbysomeresponsiblesolutions．(下文将讨论一些最常见的因素，并提出一些有效的解决方法。)6.3.2.3雅思作文开头模板式写法：四大模板式写法（---Abby阿布四剑式）第一大模板法：①引题+②一方观点+另一方观点+③我方观点l①引题：九大引题方法一：①在谈到……时，人们对于这个充满争议的话题所持的观点各不相同。①Whentalkingabout（/itcomesto/itrefersto)_____,people’sopinionsaredivergentonsuchacontroversialissue.二：①最近经常辩论的一个问题是……①Amuchdebatedissuethesedaysiswhether……①Thereisapublic(/general)debate(/discussion/controversy)today(/nowadays)on(/about/over/asto)theproblem(/issue)of……三：①最近……的问题已经引起了人们广泛的争议。①Recentlytheproblem（/issue）of_____+hasdrawn(/aroused)public(/worldwide)attention.+hascaused(/aroused)wide(/general/considerable/international)concern.+hasarisen(/loomedup/croppedup)ascontroversial(/asnoteworthy/moredistinctlyforsettlement).四：①近来……的问题已经广为天下人所知。①Recentlytheissue(/problem)of……hasbeeninthelimelight(/broughtintofocus/ broughttopublicattention/posedamongthegeneralpublic).五：①在过去的……年里，很多城市面临了……的严重问题。①Inrecent(/thepast……)years,manycities(/nations/people)havebeenfacedwith(/plaguedwith/troubledwith/experienced/witnessed/undergone)the(/a/an)seriousproblemof(/acuteshortageof/alarmingincreasein)……六：①如今我们国家面临的最为紧迫的任务之一是……①Oneoftheburning(/pressing/interesting)problemsfacing(/confronting/troubling)ournation(/society/world/community)todayisthat……七：①现在很多人谈论的最热门的话题之一是……①Oneofthebiggestissues（/hottesttopics/mostpopularthings/mostseriousproblems）manypeopletalk(/complain)aboutnowis……八：①随着……①Withtherapid(/marked/amazing)development(/increase/improvement/expansion/growth/decline)of__,①Withthegeneral(/growing/common)recognition(/realization/acknowledgement)of_____,①Withthegeneral(/growing/common)commitment(/devotion/dedication)to_____,①Withthegeneral(/growing/common)interestin(/concernover/enthusiasmfor)_____,①With_____playinganincreasinglybigrolein_____,agrowingnumberof_____.①With_____attachingmuchimportanceto_____,anincreasingnumberof_____.九：①如今有一种……趋势。①Nowadays(Currently/Recently),thereisagrowing(/unhealthy)tendencyto(/in/that)……l②一方观点+另一方观点：两大表述方法一：②一些人认为……，另一些人认为……。②Thevast(/overwhelming)majorityofpeoplesay(/think/believe/maintain/hold)that……,whileotherpeople（/others）claim(/argue/insist/contend/proclaim)that…….②Most(/Many/Quiteafew/Some)peoplesay(/think/believe/maintain/hold)that……,butotherpeople(/others)claim(/argue/insist/contend/proclaim)that…….②Thevast(/overwhelming)majorityofpeoplesay(/think/believe/maintain/hold)that……,butothersviewquitedifferently(butothersthinkabitdifferently/butothersthinkthattheoppositeistrue).Theyargue(/claim/contend/proclaim)that…….②Theoverwhelmingmajoritywouldsupportthat_____;others,however,takethenegativeattitude.二：②反对者认为……，拥护者认为……。②Thosewhocriticize(oppose/objectto)……argue(/contend)that…….Theybelievethat……,butpeoplewhoadvocate(/favor)……,ontheotherhand,maintain(/assert/proclaim)that…….l③我方观点：十大表述法就我个人而言，我认为……。 ③Tomymind(/Inmyopinion),…….③However,Ifirmlybelieve(/hold/maintain)…….③However,itismyfirmly(/unswervingly/consistently）heldviewthat…….③Fromthepersonalperspective,IpreferAratherthanBasmyinclination.③Personally,Iaminfavorof(/support)theview(/idea/opinion/argument)that…….③Personally,Iwouldprefer…….③Formypart,Iwouldchooseto…….③AsfarasIamconcerned,thisproposalseems…….③Tobefrank,Iwouldliketosupport…….③Afterconsidering(/pondering)theissue,Ihold(/maintain/believe)…….agree/disagree型加入：我同意/不同意前/后者的观点，我认为……。③Iagree/disagreewiththeformer/latter.Ihold(/maintain/believe)that…….③Iapprove/disapproveoftheformer/latteridea.Ihold(/maintain/believe)that…….③Iam(not)infavoroftheformer/latteridea.Ihold(/maintain/believe)that…….③Idisagreewiththispointofviewforthefollowing……reasons.变体一：②一方观点+另一方观点+③我方观点变体二：①引题+③我方观点第二大模板法：④流行观点(七大表述法)+③我方观点一：④如今人们普遍认为……，他们说……。③我方观点。④Now,itiscommonly(/generally/widely)believed(/thought/held/accepted/felt/recognized/acknowledged)that…….Theyclaim(believe/argue)that…….③.二：④如今经常听到的一种批评声音是……。他们说……。③我不同意这种观点，原因如下。④Acriticismoftenheardthesedaysisthat…….Theysaythat…….③Idisagreewiththispointofviewforthefollowing……reasons.三：④对于公众来说……。③我方观点。④Tothegeneralpublic(/Tomostpeople/Tothepopularmind/Inmostpeople’sopinion),…….③.四：④关于这个问题，多数人说……。③我方观点。④Inresponse(/reaction/answer)totheevent(/phenomenon/idea/question),themajorityofpeoplesay(/think)…….③.五：④……是目前流行的……的做法。③我方观点。④……isapopular(/widespread/common)method(/way)of……③.六：④近来我们一直听到关于……的说法。他们说……。③我方观点。④Thesedaysweoftenhearabout…….Theyclaim(/argue/say)that…….③.七：④我们经常听说……。③我方观点。④Weareoftenshown(/told)thesedaysthat…….③.第三大模板法：①引题+④流行观点+⑤提出质疑（四大质疑法）一：①引题。④流行观点。⑤但是他们没有意识到……。①.④.⑤Butdotheyrealize……?二：①引题。④流行观点。⑤但是这种做法明智么？越来越多的人对此表示质疑。 ①.④.⑤butisitafair(/wise/reasonable)one?Thismethod(/way)isnowbeingquestioned(/challenged)bymoreandmorepeople.三：①引题。④流行观点。⑤但是果真如此吗？仔细分析一下，就证明这种观点站不住脚。①.④.⑤Butisittrue?Closeexamination(/analysis/scrutiny)doesn’tbearout(证实)theclaim(/argument).四：①引题。④流行观点。⑤但是情况果真如此吗？①.④.⑤Butisthisreallythecase?第四大模板法：①引题+⑥让步转折句：五大让步转折法一：①引题。⑥的确……，不过……。①.⑥Itistruethat……,but…….二：①引题。⑥似乎……，不过……。①.⑥Itseemsthat……,but…….三：①引题。⑥不可否认的是……，不过……。①.⑥Itisundeniablethat……,but…….①.⑥Undeniably,……,but…….四：①引题。⑥但是尽管……，几乎没有证据证明……。①.⑥Butalthough(/Admittedly,)……,thereisno(/little)evidence.①.⑥Butalthough(/Admittedly,)……,itisquestioned(/doubted)that…….五：①引题。⑥但是尽管……，我还是认为……。①.⑥Although……,Ibelieveoneshould…….