高三英语语法复习（一）冀教版知识精讲 11页

高三英语语法复习（一）冀教版【本讲教育信息】一.教学内容：语法复习（一）句子成分；简单句、并列句和复合句句子成分：（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在therebe结构、疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.（名词）WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.（代词）One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.（数词）Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.（不定式）Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.（动名词）Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（名词化的形容词）WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.（主语从句）Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式） （三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.（2）由系动词加表语构成。如：Wearestudents.（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如：OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.（名词）Isityours?（代词）Theweatherhasturnedcold.（形容词）Thespeechisexciting.（分词）Threetimessevenistwentyone?（数词）HisjobistoteachEnglish.（不定式）Hishobby（爱好）isplayingfootball.（动名词）Themachinemustbeoutoforder.（介词短语）Timeisup.Theclassisover.（副词）Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.（表语从句）（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：Theywenttoseeanexhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词）Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.（代词）Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.（数词）Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.（名词化形容词）Hepretendednottoseeme.（不定式短语） Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.（动名词短语）Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.（宾语从句）宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lendmeyourdictionary,please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.（六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：HisfathernamedhimDongming.（名词）Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.（形容词）Letthefreshairin.（副词）Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.（不定式短语）Wesawherenteringtheroom.（现在分词）Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.（介词短语）Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.（从句）（七）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示：Guilinisabeautifulcity.（形容词）Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.（分词）Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.（名词）HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.（代词）Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.（不定式短语）Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.（动名词）HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.（介词短语） （八）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示：Lighttravelsmostquickly.（副词及副词性词组）Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.（介词短语）Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.（不定式短语）Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.（分词短语）Waitaminute.（名词）Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.（状语从句）状语种类如下：Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?（时间状语）Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.（原因状语）Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.（条件状语）MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.（地点状语）Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.（方式状语）Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.（伴随状语）Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.（目的状语）Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.（结果状语）Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.（让步状语）Iamtallerthanheis.（比较状语）［课堂练习］一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass. 4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?15.Tobehonest;yourpronunciationisnotsogood.16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.20.Theapplestastedsweet.二、选择填空：()1.____willleaveforBeijing.A.NowtherethemanB.ThemanherenowC.ThemanwhoisherenowD.Themanisherenow()2.Theweather____.A.wetandcoldB.iswetandcoldC.notwetandcoldD.werewetandcold()3.Theappletasted____.A.sweetsB.sweetlyC.nicelyD.sweet()4.Hegotup____yesterdaymorning. A.latelyB.lateC.latestD.latter()5.Theactor______attheageof70.A.deadB.diedC.dyedD.deaded()6.____wereallverytired,butnoneof____wouldstoptotakearest.A.We,usB.Us,weC.We,ourD.We,we()7.Hefoundthestreetmuch______.A.crowdB.crowdingC.crowdedD.crowdedly()8.Ithink_____necessarytolearnEnglishwell.A.itsB.itC.thatD.thatis()9.Thedog____mad.A.looksB.islookedC.isbeinglookedD.waslooked()10.Iwillneverforgettheday______Ijoinedthearmy.A.thatB.whenC.inwhichD.where以上答案请见名师面授！【模拟试题】(A)1.Letussupposethatyouarein____positionof____parent.Wouldyouallowyourchildtodosuchathing?A.a;aB.a;theC.the;aD.the;the2._____youhaveseenbothfighters,______willwin?A.Since;doyouthinkwhoB.As;whoyouthinkC.When;whoeverD.Since;whodoyouthink3.Youdon’thavetosharetheumbrellas.I’llgiveyouone_____.A.everyB.eachC.allD.both 4.Whenthechildrenheardthe______story,theywere______halftodeath.A.scary;frighteningB.frightening;scaredC.scared;scaryD.frightened;frightening5.Thetruth,Sir,isthattheoldman______acrossthestreetwhenmycarhithim.A.wastowalkB.hadbeenwalkingC.walkedD.waswalking6.Itis______workofartthateveryonewantstohavealookatit.A.sounusualB.suchunusualC.suchanunusualD.soanunusual7.Therescueteam______tohelpbutfailedtogetthereintime.A.hadwantedB.haveplannedC.wereexpectingD.hoped8.Hedroppedthe______andbrokeit.A.cupofteaB.tea’scupC.cupforteaD.teacup9.Theredbuildingiswheretheworkerslive,andthewhiteoneiswherethespareparts_____.A.areproducedB.willproduceC.producedD.hadbeenproduced10.TimBemers-Leeisgenerallyconsidered______theWorldWideWeb,onwhichalltheinformationissharedbyall.A.tohavefoundedB.havingfoundedC.foundingD.tofound11.---Hehastofinishtheexperimenttoday.Hemustbeinthelab,______?---That’squitepossible.A.mustn’theB.won’theC.doesn’theD.isn’the12.You’dbetterchoosesomeone______youthink______kindandfriendly tohelpyou.A.whom;tobeB.who;isC.whom;isD.which;tobe13.---MayIhandinthecompositiontomorrow?---No,you______,becauseIhavetogothroughallofyourcompositionsthisevening.A.can’tB.needn’tC.won’tD.shouldn’t14.Thedooropenedandin______.A.didhecomeB.cameheC.hecameD.didamancome15.Aftermonthsofvoyage,Columbusarrivedin______laterprovedanewcontinent.A.whereB.whatC.whichD.that(B)1.Ismokeoutof_____habit,notfor_____pleasure;forIhavebeeninthehabitfortwentyyears.A.a;theB.the;aC./;theD./;/2.We’vepublishedlargequantitiesofbooks.Thisyear______we’vepublishedthreemillion.A.onlyB.justC.aloneD.merely3.______thetemperaturefallingsorapidly,wecouldn’tgoonwiththeexperiment.A.SinceB.WithC.AsD.For4.---Wouldyoupleasegivehimthepaperthemomenthe______?---Noproblem.A.arrivesB.willarriveC.arrivedD. isarriving5.---Wherewillyoustartyourworkaftergraduation?---Mmm,it’snotbeendecidedyet.I______continuemystudyforahigherdegree.A.needB.mustC.wouldD.might6.Thenumberofthecattlehere,______ismentionedabove,hasbeenlimitedto200.A.itB.asC.thatD.which7.“No,no”,hewhispered,______talkingtohimself.A.whileB.evenifC.asifD.when8.I’dlove______toyourpartylastSundayifnotbecauseoftheunexpectedguests.A.togoB.goingC.havinggoneD.tohavegone9.IadmiredmyclassmateLisaverymuch.______herprettiness,shewassmartandhelpful.A.ExceptforB.ButforC.ApartfromD.Inspiteof10.LiMingwonthefirstprizeintheEnglishcontestandI’mgladthathiseffortsatlast______.A.paidoffB.workedoutC.turnedoutD.gotback11.---Haven’tItoldyouthatIlikethebeefwelldone?---Yes,butI______itlongerthanIusuallydo.A.wascookingB.willcookC.cookedD.hadcooked12.Ifshedoesn’ttellhimthetruthnow,he’llsimplykeeponaskinguntilshe______.A.doesB.hasdoneC.willdoD.would13.---Dothemeasurestakenbythegovernmentwork？---Yes,______wastewater______intotheriveratpresent. A.more;isbeingpoured　B.less;isbeingpouredC.more;hasbeenpouredD.less;willbepoured14.Youngpeoplenowadaysaredifferent______weusedtobe.A.fromwhatB.inwhichC.inhowD.inwhat15.Idon’tliketotraveltobigcities,becausetome,onecityismuchlike______.A.eitherB.theotherC.othersD.another 【试题答案】(A)1—5CDBBD6—10CADAA11—15DBACB(B)1—5DCBAD6—10BCDCA11—15CABAD