谚语与英文翻译 4页

谚语与英文翻译日期：2009-09-1616:48点击：137次作者：英语论文大百科ProverbsandTranslation       Proverbsareextractsoflifeexperiences,andtheycanexplainmuchoflife.Belowaresomeproverbstakentoexplainsomeaspectsofthetranslationprocess:       Abarberlearnstoshavebyshavingfools.  Justlikethecaseineveryprofession,novicesshouldbegiventheirfirstopportunitiesbyhandlingpetitetranslationcases.Ontheonehand,atranslationtrainermaybeginwithhis/hertraineesbyusingfabricatedtexts.Unlikeauthentictextsthatmaybewrittenbybigshotsinthedifferentareas,literaryandnon-literaryfabricatedtextswhichmaybewrittenbythetrainerhimselflendthemselveseasilyfortranslation.Ontheotherhand,juniortranslatorsaresupposedtodotranslationsatanyrateandcostforwhoeverwantsatranslation.Awordofwarningisnecessaryhere:thetranslationshouldbecarriedoutonlyafterensuringfullythatnoseriousdamageswillbeinflictedupontheclient.       Aburntchilddreadsthefire.       Translationtrainersshouldbeverymuchcarefulnottoupset,reproach,orpunishtheirtrainees.Bybeingnotmindfulofthispedagogicalandpsychologicalaxiom,trainerswillnegativelyaffecttheirtraineesbyturningthemmoreandmoreintrovertandpassiveinthetranslationclassroom.Firstlessonsshouldbeoftheencouragingsort,andstudentsmustberewardedontheirachievementswhateverthedegreeofsuccessmaybe.       Achipoftheoldblock.       Ithasveryoftenbeenobservedthatthefamilyhasaroleinthemakingandshapingoftranslators.Justasthegenesareresponsibleforpassingaparticularqualityontothechildfromitsparents,memesarealsoresponsiblefortransferringaspectsofculturalevolution.Thememeconsistsofanyunitofculturalinformation,suchasapracticeoridea,thatgetstransmittedverballyorbyrepeatedactionfromonemindofthefamily,ormore,toanother(thechild).Examplesincludethoughts,ideas,theories,practices,habits,songs,dancesandmoodsandtermssuchasrace,culture,andethnicity.Mostimportantoftheseinourspecialcasearetheideas,thoughts,habitsandpracticesoftranslation.Thesememesgetmoreandmorerefinedwiththepassageoftime.Itisworthpointingoutthatduringwhatwascalledthegoldeneraoftranslation,culminatingintheHouseofWisdom,familytranslatorsplayedagreatroleinthedevelopmentofArabandIslamiccivilization.Thiscanhaverelevancetoprivateand governmenttranslationagenciesbydiscoveringandtryingtopromotethetalentsofthosechildren.       Acleancarpetoftenhidesadirtyboard.       Toerrishuman,Popesays.Andtranslationsarefulloferrorsofdifferentsorts.Theypassunnoticedbecausethelanguageoftranslationissemiperfect.Buttheseerrorsneverescapeaneagle-eyedcriticwhoiswell-trainedandproficientinthetwolanguages.So,unlessthetranslatorisverymuchtrustedandtried,donotletyourselfbecheatedonbysurfacelydecorated,embellishedandornamentedtranslation.Translationfraudslike“Thisbookistranslatedbyacommitteeofuniversityprofessors”,seenonsomebookstranslatedintoArabic,mustbeexpectedanddealtwithproperlybynotbuyingthebook.Finally,allthatglittersisnotgold.       Ahungrystomachhasnoears.       Whetheronthelevelofindividualsornations,itisuneasytoalleviateortamethehungerfortranslations.Ithasbeennoticedthattranslationsatsuchtimesfoundtheirwayeasilyintothetargetcultures.Buttheygothroughaverycomplicatedprocessofacculturationandexaminationwhenthehungerforknowledgeandtranslationnolongerexists.TouseVenuti’sterms,foreignizingisexpectedatthefirstphase,whiledomesticatingisdoneatthesecondphase.       Beggarsmustnotbechoosers.       Letthoseunindependenttranslatorswhoseneedsformoneyaremuchgreaterthananythingelseunderstandthattheycannotchoosetheirmaterialfortranslation.Theycanonlyhavetherighttochoosewhentheybecomeindependentorseniortranslators,incasetheyworkforatranslationagencyorbureau.  Betteraneggtodaythanahentomorrow.       Novicetranslatorsmusttranslateimmediatelyatanycostandresultandnottoputoffthingsfortomorrow.Itveryoftenhappensthatsuchtranslatorsdonotpracticetranslationinthehopethattheirtranslationsmaybecomebetteratsometimeinthefuture.Theyaredefinitelyrightinthis,butonconditionthattheypracticetoday.       Byothers’faultswisemenlearn.       Translationtraineescanlearntranslatingbytwothings:practicingtranslationandstudyingparalleltextsandtranslationcritiques.Wehavealreadytalkedabouttheurgencyoftranslating,andthesecondthingthatshouldbeemphasizedhereisparalleltextsinwhichSTsandTTsareputtogetherinonebookortwobooks.Paralleltextshavetheadvantagesofteachingtraineesthemeaningsofwords,thestructuringofsentencesandexpressionsandthemethodsoftranslating.Thesetextsarenowfashionable,andonecaneasilyfindpoetrycollections andnovelsthatprovideoriginaltextswiththeirtranslations.Inadditiontothis,itisofmaximumimportancethattraineesfollowandreadtranslationscritiquestoseeandunderstandtheadvantagesanddisadvantagesintranslatedmaterials.Suchcritiquesofferinvaluableexplanationsandalternatives,andtraineescanlearnalotfromtheupsanddownsofothertranslators.       Cutyourcoataccordingtoyourcloth.       Itisnousefornovicestotryintheirformativeyearstotranslatetoughnamesandsubjects.Whiletoughauthorstendtoemploythehighestoftheircompetencies,toughsubjectsuneasilylendthemselvestointerpretationandtranslation.Bothtoughauthorsandsubjectsneedtimetodeciphertheircodes.       Don’tmakeamountainoutofamolehill.       Duringthelearningandtrainingperiod,juniortranslatorsdoneedtomakeamountainoutofamolehill.Theyhavetherighttobragtotheircolleaguesandfriendsaboutwhattheyarelearninganddoing.Thisispartofthehumannature,andhasalwaysbeenobservedinthebehaviourofskillfulanddistinguishedpeople.       Everysincarriesitsownpunishment.       Yes.Butwhilesmallsinsareinexplicableandunforgiven,anddeservetheappropriatepunishment,bigsinscommittedinthetranslationofcomplexunitsandstructuresareexcusableandpardoned.Theproblemisthatsometraineescommitdifferentsortsofsins,andtheremaybeatimewhenthetrainer,reviserandorteacherisunabletodistinguishbetweenbigandsmallerrors.Sotraineesareadvisedtoavoidcommittingthesmallsins!       Ifyouwantathingwelldone,doityourself.       Seniortranslatorswhohaveestablishedthemselvesinthemarketmustnotentrusttheirtaskstojuniortranslators,especiallywhenthetranslationmaterialandclientareseriousandimportant.       Itiseasytodespisewhatyoucannotget.       Destructioniseasierthanbuilding,andcriticismiseasierthanproduction.Findingfaultswithotherpeople’sworkhasbeennotedtobecarriedoutingreatcasesandsituationsatrelativeeaseandspeed.However,critics,revisersandtranslationtrainerswhoareunabletodisplayoptionsandalternativesareinmatteroffactmerequibblers.Theysurelydeservethechargeofbeingjealousofthesuccessofotherpeople.       Jackofalltradesandmasterofnone.        Anyaspiringtranslatorwhoaimsatrecognitionandsuccessinhisorherworkmustspecializeinoneareaortwo.       Littleandoftenfillthepurse.       Juniortranslatorsmustpracticeandlearnatgradualandsteadypaces.Theymustnottakeonebigdoseononedayandstopforamonth.Gradualnessalsomeanscarryingouttranslationspiecebypiece.Thiswillensureaccuracy,organizationandrelaxation.       Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.       Thisisaninstructionforall,juniorandseniortranslatorsalike.Thereisalwayssomethingnewtolearn,oroldtoberemembered.Translationconferences,workshopsandforumsofferagreatdealtolearnfromthem.Thereisalsotheopportunitytolearnandsharenewideasandthoughtswithotherpeople.Preventionisbetterthancure.       Advancepreparationandpracticewillsurelysavetranslatorsfromanytranslationdifficultiesandchallengestheymayface.