从文化角度比较英汉谚语 16页

AStudyonComparisonofEnglishIdiomsandChineseIdiomsfromCulturalPerspectiveAuthor:ZhaoYongtaoSupervisor:XiaYanqingAThesisSubmittedasapartialFulfillmentoftheRequirementfortheDegreeofB.AinEnglishSchoolofForeignStudiesFuyangTeachersCollege,AnhuiProvinceMay,2012 学位论文从文化角度比较英汉谚语赵永涛（学号200840210127）指导老师姓名夏炎青职称副教授单位阜阳师范学院外国语学院专业名称英语教育申请学士级别学士学位授予单位阜阳师范学院2012年5月 从文化角度比较英汉谚语摘要谚语是语言的精华，广泛应用于人们日常生活的交流之中。在英语语言发展的过程中，积累了大量丰富多彩的谚语。要想学习了解英语文化，少了谚语必然是一大遗憾。随着经济全球化的发展浪潮，西方语言中的谚语被介绍到中国和世界的各个角落。在跨国文化的交流中谚语翻译也成为最具特色的一部分。谚语是一种简短的格言式的语言，世界文化中有着不胜其数的谚语。有了谚语，语言才会更加生动形象，形象更加鲜明。谚语是民族语言的精华，也是体现民族文化的重要组成部分。然而由于谚语承载着不同的民族文化，而且其意义也并非取决于一个单字，各民族的谚语都与其民族文化紧密相连，不可分割，如果脱离文化而去理解谚语必然会引起望文生义的错误的理解。怎样准确地阐释谚语，使中西方国家的人们能够产生共同的意象，或者说怎样才能对一个谚语产生相似的理解效果是一个值得深入探讨的课题。本文旨在前任研究的基础之上，通过搜集大量丰富全面的谚语实例分析了谚语的定义、特征及其分类，以及细致的比较来论证作者的观点。关键词：谚语;文化;比较 AStudyonComparisonofEnglishIdiomsandChineseIdiomsfromCulturalPerspectiveThesisStatementThisthesisaimstoexplainthedifferencesbetweenEnglishidiomsandChineseonesonconditionthatidiomsarewidelyusedinpeople’sdailylife.OutlineⅠ．IntroductionⅡ．IdiomsA.DefinitionB.ClassificationC.CharacteristicsⅢ．CulturalDifferencesReflectedonCommonIdiomsA.CulturalDifferencesofAnimalIdiomsB.CulturalDifferencesofPlantIdiomsC.CulturalDifferencesofColorIdiomsⅣ．ReasonsoftheDifferencesbetweenEnglishIdiomsandChineseIdiomsA.DifferentLivingCircumstancesB.DifferentHistoricalAllusionC.DifferentRegionsandBeliefsD.DifferentTraditionsandCustomsⅤ．Conclusion AStudyonComparisonofEnglishIdiomsandChineseIdiomsfromCulturalPerspectiveAbstractIdioms,asakindofhighlyconciselanguage,arewidelyusedinpeople’sdailylife.DuringthedevelopmentofEnglishlanguage,ithasgivenbirthtoagreatamountofcolorfulidioms.ItwillberegrettabletomisstheEnglishidiomswhileyouarelearningthislanguageifyouwanttohaveagoodknowledgeofit.Withtheincreasingdevelopmentofculturalglobalization,manyaEnglishidiomsareintroducedtoChinaandtoeverycorneroftheworld.Theidiomstranslationhasbeenaspecialpartofcross-culturaltranslation.Idiomscanmakelanguagevividandlovely.Theyarebeautifulgemsofalanguageandtreasureofanation.However,theidiomscarrydifferentculturethattheybelongto,andthemeaningofanidiomdoesnotdependonacertainletter,actuallytheyarecloselyconnectedwiththeirculture.Consequently,it’seasytomisunderstandanidiomifonesimplyillustratesanidiombyitself.Thenhowtomakewesternpeopleandeasternpeoplehaveacommonimageuponacertainidiomhasbecameachallenge.ThethesiswasbasedonthepreviousstudiesonthissubjectandmadeaverycomparisonwithidiomsinEnglishandChinesebyagreatamountofidiomssotheauthorcanmakehisideasclear.Keywords：Idiom;Culture;Comparison AStudyonComparisonofEnglishIdiomsandChineseIdiomsfromCulturalPerspectiveI.IntroductionIdioms,asakindofhighlyconciselanguage,arewidelyusedinpeople’sdailylife,spreadingfromgenerationtogenerationbothinspokenandwrittenforms.Withaprofoundcultureinalonghistory,theEnglishcountrieshavegivenbirthtoahugeamountofidioms.ItwouldbeapitytointroducethewesternculturewithoutintroducingtheidiomsinEnglishlanguage,soisittoeasterncountries.Withtheincreasingdevelopmentofculturalglobalization,idiomsareadoptedmoreoftenduringcross-culturalcommunication.Andidiomscomparisonbecomesagrowingsubjectamongthescholarsworldwide.Idiomsarethecrystallizationofhumancollectivewisdomandthegemsofallkindsoflanguagesintheworld.Withoutidiomslanguageswouldbedullanddry,whiletheywouldbeaddedtovariety,strengthandvividnesswhenanappropriateidiomusedinspeechorwriting.Idiomsusuallycarrymoreimpactthanthenon-idiomaticexpressionsbecauseoftheiridentificationwithaparticularlanguageandculture.(Nida,E.A.2001.)Idiomsaresopopularthattheycanbefoundinscientificandpoliticalarticles,nolessinliteratures,eveningovernmentspeeches.LikethepremierofChina,WenJiabao,heoftenusesChineseidiomsinhisspeechestomakeitmoreprofoundandattractive.Forinstance,heeverusedaJapaneseidioms‘尽管风在咆哮，山却不会移动’todescribetheSino-Japanrelation,whichgotappreciatedbythemedia.Inthemeantime,theidiomsarealsoadifficultytothesecondlanguagelearners,becausetheirmeaningsdon’tdependonasingleletterandtheyoftencloselyconnectedwiththeirculture.Sohowtomakethedifferentpeoplehaveacommonimageuponacertainidiomhasbecameaimportantsubject.Whenwearedoingidiomstranslation,weshoulddealwiththeproblemofkeepingloyaltyofthesourcelanguagesandmakingthetargetlanguageshavetheexoticflavor.11 II.IdiomsThelanguagesintheworldhavealonghistory,aboundofrichidioms.Theyaredifferentfromeachotherduetovariedhistoricalandculturalbackground.Asisknowntoall,theidiomsarethegemsofthelanguages.Thenwhatareidioms?Whatdotheyinclude?Andwhatarethecharacteristicsofthem?A.DefinitionIdiomsareonekindoffolkliterature,astheyarerefinedfrompeople"sexperienceandpractice,andtheyreflectthelivesandthoughtsofpeople.Theyhavegreatpopularityandoral.Englishisveryrichinidiomaticexpressionswhichareaessentialpartofthislanguage,anditcanbecalledasthegemofEnglishlanguage.Infact,EnglishcountriesandChinabothhavemadecleardefinitionsforidioms.AccordingtothelatestWebster’sNewWorldCollegeDictionary,(3rdEdition),Idiomisaphrase,constructionorexpressionthatisrecognizedasaunitintheusageofagivenlanguageandeitherdiffersfromtheusualsyntacticpatternsorhasameaningthatdiffersfromtheliteralmeaningofitspartstakentogether.朱介凡先生在其《中国谚语论》中说：“谚语是风土民性的常言，社会公道的议论，深思众人的经验和智慧，精辟简白，喻说讽劝，雅俗共赏，流传纵横。Proverbisonekindofidiom.“Aproverbisabrieffamiliarmaximoffolkwisdom,usuallycompressedinform,ofteninvolvingaboldimageandfrequentlyajinglethatcatchesthememory.”(LongmanModernEnglishDictionary1976)“aproverbisashortsayingincommonusethatstrikinglyexpressessomeobvioustruthorfamiliarexperience.”(Webster’sNewWorldDictionaryoftheAmericanLanguage1988).Fromthesedefinitionswecanseethatidiomsareanumberofwordwhich,meaningsomethingdifferentfromtheindividualwordsoftheidiomswhentheyareconsideredalone.B.ClassificationThediversifiedcultureshavegivenbirthtoboundlessidioms.Wecanclassifythembytheiroriginsandcontents.1.ClassificationbyOriginTheidiomsaboutthecommonsense,experienceandprinciplesobtainedduringthelong-timework.11 ⑴Wellbegunishalfdone.(良好的开端是成功的一半）⑵Oneswallowdoesnotmakeasummer.(一燕不成夏）⑶EmptyVesselsmakethegreatestsound.（半桶水，响叮当）⑷Therottenappleinjuresitsneighbor.（一粒耗子屎，坏了一锅粥)⑸Pridegoesbeforeafall.(骄傲使人落后）Theproverbsandsayingsfromthemythology,Shakespeare"sworks,theBible,theAnalectsandsuchancientbookscontributemanyoftheidioms.Thetreeisknownbyitsfruit.(Bible.Matthew)观其果而知其树；观其行而知其人。⑹Tooswiftarrivesastardyastooslow.(ShakespeareRomeoandJuliet)欲速则不达。⑺Humansometimesnods.(Greece)人非圣贤，孰能无过。⑻学而不思则罔，死而不学则殆。孔子（论语）⑼祸兮福所依，福兮祸所伏。老子（道德经）2.ClassificationbyContentsThefirstclassificationisaboutthoughttruth.Theseidiomsoftentellpeoplewhatiswrongandwhatisright,thatis,theytellsatruth.⑽Allthatglittersisnotgold.发光的未必都是金子。⑾Everycloudhasasilverlining.黑夜漫漫终有尽头。⑿Lookbeforeyouleap.三思而后行。⒀Wishisthefatherofthought.愿望是思想之父。Thesecondoneisaboutethics,loveandhate.Theseidiomsusuallyexpresspeople’sfeelingsaboutothersorthings.⒁Handsomeisthathandsomedoes.行为美才是真的美。⒂Doasyouwouldbedoneby.己所不欲，勿施于人。⒃Thecourseoftrueloveneverdidrunsmooth.爱情的道路崎岖不平。Thethirdoneisrelatedtofriendshipandpower.Theseidiomsareaboutthefriendshipbetweenpeopletellingushowtodealwithyourfriendandaboutthepowerthatonecanhave.⒄Unityispower.团结就是力量。11 ⒅Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.患难见真交。⒆Manydropsofwatersinktheship.涓涓细流沉大船。Thefourthoneisaboutpracticeandexperience.Theseidiomsarefrompeople’sexperienceandpracticewhichareusedmostofteninpeople’sdailylife.⒇Practicemakesperfect.熟能生巧。Experienceisthemotherofwisdom.经验是智慧之母。Romanisnotbuiltinaday.罗马非一日建成。冰冻三尺非一日之寒。Thefifthoneisabouttimeandsolarterms.Tidewaitsfornoman.时光不待人。Thelosttimeisneverfoundagain.光阴一去不复返。Makehaywhilethesunshines.晒草要趁早。Thelastoneisaboutlearningwill.Theseidiomstellusthatonecanneverbelatetolearn.Weshouldkeeplearningtillwedie.It"snevertoolatetolearn.活到老学到老。Nopains,nogains.不劳而无获。Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.有志者，事竟成。C.TheCharacteristicsofIdiomsAlthoughidiomsaredifferentfromeachotherduetothevariedhistoricalandculturalbackground,theyhavesomecharacteristicsincommon.Idiomshavefixedstructuressotheycannotbedividedandreplacedinrandom.Forexample,weshouldn"tchangethephraseleavenostoneunturnedintoleavenobricksunturned.Andlivefromhandtomouthcannotbereplacedbylivefromthehandtothemouthorlivefromahandtoamouth.Asthesame,thephrase乱七八糟won"tmakesenseifitisreplacedby乱八九糟.Sowillthereplacementof不三不四and不一不二.Duetothedifferencesinlanguages,psychology,societyandhistory,therealmeaningofanidiomwilldiffersfromitssurfacemeaning.Forinstance,theidiom"tobringthehousedown"maybemisunderstoodas把房子拉到，whileitsrealmeaningistogetapplaudofallpeople."Pullone"sleg"willmakenosenseifyouconsiderits11 meaningbyeverysingleword,anditsmeaningistoplayjokesonothers.(开某人玩笑）InChinese,theidiom‘瓜田李下"doesn"tmeantwoplacesbutone"sbehaviorisskeptical.It"strueofotheridiomsliketocutnoice(毫无效果），abaker"sdozen(格外有待），knowwherethestonepinches(知道困难所在）.Idiomsoftenhaveprofoundhistoricalroots,somereflectnationaltraditionsandcustoms,andsomeconsistofinterestinghistoricalstories.Forexample,"facethemusic"isrelatedtoactors.Atthattime,whenthemusicstarted,theactorsshouldappearatthestagetoperformnomatterhewasreadyornot,andnowitmeansonehastofacetheunpleasantthings.AnothercaseinChineseisthephrase"毛遂自荐’originallydescribedastorytellingthatapersonrecommendedhimselftotherulerofKingdomZhao,andnowitmeansoneareconfidenttorecommendoneselftotakechargeofacertainjob.Mostidiomshavevividimagesthatcanbringimaginationtopeople.Alanguageisapartofacertainculture,andidiomsaretheessenceoflanguage.Inresult,idiomsincluderichculturalcontents,whichoftenreflectonthewaysofexpression,thatis,idiomsusuallyadoptthethingscloselyrelatedtotheircultureastheparablebodies.Forexample,theidiominEnglish"asthinasashadow"hasthesamemeaningoftheidiominChinese‘瘦的像猴’.Asthesame,‘leadadog"slife’and‘过着猪狗不如的生活’，‘aspoorasachurchmouse’and‘穷的像乞丐’，‘fishingintheair’and‘水中捞月’arethesimilaridioms.Ⅲ.CulturalDifferencesReflectedonCommonIdiomsInordertomakeitclear,wecanpresentthedifferencesofEnglishidiomsandChineseidiomsthroughthecomparisonofsomepopulareasternandwesternidiomsthatarefamiliartopeople,suchasanimalidioms,plantidiomsandcoloridioms.A.CulturalDifferencesofAnimalIdiomsThesocialmaterialandmanyaspectsofculture,suchasreligiousdifferences,makepeoplefromdifferentangles,withdifferentwaystoexperiencethereallife,formingtheuniquecultures.Easternandwesternpeoplehavemanydifferencesonplantandanimals,thesedifferencesleadtodifferentChineseidioms.Chinesepeopleliketocallthemselvesasdescendantsofthedragon,becausethedragonwasregarded11 asthetotemoftheMandarinnationandastheembodimentoftheGod.Eventheancientmonarchwouldclaimthattheyarethesonofthedragon.Incommonpeople"slife,dragon-boatracinganddragondanceperformingareverypopularactivities.Idiomsofdragonareusedfrequently,suchas‘龙飞凤舞，龙腾虎跃，龙凤呈祥，龙行虎步，望子成龙，龙争虎斗’.Ontheopposite,westernersthinkdragonisafierceevilcreature’smonster.In700AD,AnglosSaxonrecordedthedeedsofMr.Beowulfinthenarrative,Mr.Beowulfbeatthedevil"shero,dyer,dragonandonagoodfight,finallytogetherandthisiswhytheAsiantigersare‘fourtigers’andshouldnotbetranslatedinto‘fourdragons’.Westernerslikepets,dogsandcatsappearmoreofteninwesternidioms,suchas:catanddoglife（经常吵闹的生活）;Dresslikeadog"sdinner（穿着极其讲究）;Loveme;lovemydog.（爱屋及乌）Chinesepeoplealsolikethedog,butthedogintheChineseidiomscanbepejorative,suchas:狗血喷头、狗仗人势、狗尾续貂、狗急跳墙、狗拿耗子、狐群狗党等。B.CulturalDifferencesofPlantIdiomsDifferentlivingenvironmentsmakepeopledifferentontherecognitionofanimalsandplants.Forexample,petrelwasconsideredasabravecreatureinChineseliterature,oftendescribedfightingagainstthestorm,however,inwesternpeople"seyes,thepetrelisasymbolofdisaster,violenceandconflict.ItisillustratedinOxfordDictionarythatapersonwhosecomingcausesunrest.Thenightowl,inChineseeyes,isananimalwhosecomingwillcausedisasteranddeath,butwesternpeopleseeitasymbolofwisdom.TheChineseculturespeakshighlyofpine,bambooandplum,sothatthereappearmanyidiomsaboutthem.如；青梅竹马、雨后春笋、松鹤延年、胸有成竹、梅妻鹤子、罄竹难书、踏雪寻梅。Asforthewesterners,theyliketherosemost.Therewasafamouswarnamed‘theWaroftheRoses".‘Rosealltheway"meanseverythinggoessmoothlyandpeopleusedtogiveroseswhentheyfallinlovewithsomeone.C.CulturalDifferencesofColorIdiomsDifferentnationsmayhavedifferentloveandhateuponcolorswhichhasa11 greatinfluenceonthecome-into-beingofidiomsofcolor.InthehistoryoldChina,theyellowcoloralwayshasbeenregardedasthesymbolofChina,anditrepresentssacredness,authority,dignityandsolemnity.Intheancienttimes,onlythekinsmenoftheemperorcanbeinyellow.Soitcameintothephrase‘黄袍加身’.Inwesterncountries,purplehavethesamefunctionofChineseyellowwhichisasignofnobleness,graceanddignity.‘Borninthepurple"meansoneisborntobeanoble.ThecolorredisalsooneofChinesepeople"sfavoritecolors.Thebridewoulddressinred,peoplehangtheredlanternswhenitisafestival,andthenationalflagandtheflagofcommunistpartyarered,too.Whileit"snottrueinwesterncountries,theredoftensymbolsdanger.TheredtrafficlightimpliesstoppinganditmeansthisroadisunderInstructionifyouseearedwarningsignbesidetheroad.如：wavingaredflag惹人生气的事；seetheredlight知道危险或灾难降临；thered赤字，亏空；redtape繁文缛节，官僚习气；turnredinthegills现出怒容Ⅳ.ReasonsoftheDifferencesbetweenEnglishIdiomsandChineseIdiomsAlanguageisthepresentationofacertainculture.Amonglanguagestheidiomsisthemostcolorfullanguagepatternwhichcanpresentavividimageofobviousimplicationandphilosophictheory.Insomesensetheidiomsareabletoreflecttherichculturalphenomenon.ThedifferentmeaningsthatarereflectedbytheidiomsbothinEnglishandChineseappearasfollowingaspects.A.LivingCircumstancesIdiomshavesomeculturalcharacteristics.TheBritainisanislandcountrywhoseshippingindustryhadbeeninaleadingpositionintheworld,sothatpeopletherelovetheoceanandthesourceofidiomstheyusedcomesfromtheocean.WhilemostofChinesepeopleliveontheAsiancontinentastheirancientsdo,sothattheiridiomsarecloselyassociatedwiththeriversandmountainsbecausetheycouldn"tlivewithoutthecontinent.Forexample,Englishpeopleusethephrasespendlikewatertodescribepeople"sluxurylifewhileChinesepeoplewillsaywiththisidiom‘挥金如土’.TheBritain"sclimateisoceanic,soShirleywroteinhispoemOdetotheWestWind11 thatifwintercomes,canspringbefarbehindinordertoeulogizethespring,becauseitblowswestwindinspring,butinChina,eastwind.That"swhyZulia,afamouspoetinSongdynasty,wroteinoneofhispoemsthat等闲识得东风面，万紫千红总是春.TherearemanyidiomsaboutboatandwaterinEnglishlanguages.Forexample,livingwithoutanaimislikesailingwithoutacompass.There"sasgoodfishintheseaasevercameoutofit.Hoistyoursailwhenthewindisfair.However,inChinesepeople"slife,whatdrawourattentionmostaretheriversandmountains,soidiomsconcerningthosearefrequentlyseen.Forinstance:长江后浪推前浪;一代今人换古人;不到黄河不死心。B.TraditionandCustomTheBritainandChinesediffersinmanyrespectsespeciallyintheaspectofanimals.Manyanimalidiomscanindicatethatthetraditionsandcustomshavethenationality.Wecantakesomeexamplestoproveit.InEnglish,mostoftheidiomsaboutdogarepositiveandpeopleoftenusethemtodescribepeople"sbehavior.Forinstance,youarealuckydog.Everydoghashisday.Loveme,lovemydog.Ontheoppositeside,mostofidiomsofdoginChinesehavederogatorymeaning.狐朋狗友，狗急跳墙，狼心狗肺，狗腿子等以及一些关于狗的谚语。如，好狗不挡道。狗改不了吃屎。狗嘴里吐不出象牙来。Althoughmoredogpetsarekeptrecentlyyears,butthebadimageinpeople"smindhasnotdisappeared.Inthewesternculture,dogsarethemostloyalfriendofmankind,sotheynevereatdog.Horsesmakeadifferenceinwesternpeople"slifeandtheythinkthatoneshouldneverloseahorse.Forinstance,betterlosethesaddlethanthehorse.Itisgoodtogoafootwithahorsinhand.HoweverChinesepeoplethinkthatit"shardtotellone"sfortuneandalosinghorsemaybeadisguisedfortune.Sothereisasayingthat塞翁失马，焉知非福.。(陈文伯56-58).C.ReligionandBeliefReligionandbeliefareonerespectofhumanmentalityactivityandithasimportantinfluenceonnationalculture.AndmanyreligiousidiomsappearinEnglish11 andChineselanguages.InmanywesterncountriesespeciallytheBritainandAmerican,peoplebelieveinChristianity.ThedoctrineofChristianityisthattheGodistheonlyandgreatestsaint.Everyoneisequaltoanother.RelatedidiomsareGodiswherehewas,Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.ChinesepeoplebelieveinTaoism,BuddhismandConfucianism.TheBuddhismhasahistoryofmorethan1000yearsinChina.Theresultisthatpeoplebelieveinafterlife.不修今世修来世。闲时不烧香，急来抱佛脚。善有善报，恶有恶报。AbovearesomeidiomsofBuddhism.TheTaoismputsemphasisontheharmonybetweenhumanandnature.Peopleshouldactaccordingtothelawofnature.Forinstance,物极必反，否极泰来。乐极生悲，昏极则乱。AndtheConfucianism,representedbyConfuciusmainly,putsthekindnessonthefirstplace.Allofhisthoughtsarerelatedtothetheoryofkindness.Thosetheorieshadleftatreasuretothefollowinggenerations.Bellowaresomeofhissayings.己所不欲，勿施于人。你敬人一尺,人敬你一丈。人不犯我,我不犯人。D.HistoricalAllusionTheidiomsalsoconsistofrichidiomsofliteraryquotationofhistory.InEnglish,theyaremainlyfromtheBible,ancientRomanandGreekmythologyandwesternliterarymasterworks.LikeweallAdam"schildrenisfromtheBible.WhenGreekmeetsGreek,andthenwasthetug-of-war.WheninRoman,doasRomansdo.ThesetwoidiomscanbefoundinGreekandRomanmythology.TheidiomsinShakespeare"sworksinterferewithmanyfields.Forexample:Theentireworldisastage.Haveishave.(王德春.汉英谚语与文化).OfcoursetheidiomsinEnglishlanguagecomenotonlyfromtheBritain,butalsosomewesternEuropeancountries"languages.Likeallhappyfamiliesresembleoneanother,everyunhappyfamilyisunhappyinitsownwayfromRussianplaywriterLeoTolstoy,Don’tputthecartbeforethehorsefromFrance,andothersfromothercountrieslikeallisnotgoldthatglitters,peoplewholiveinglasshousesshouldnotthrowstones,andmurderwillout.InChineselanguages,theidiomsoftenappearintheConfucianclassics,anecdotesandfairytales.Theseidiomsalthoughhavesimplestructure,theyhavea11 profoundwarningeffectonpeople.如:他山之石，可以攻玉。《诗经》;大意失荆州，骄傲失街亭。《三国演义》;三人行，必有我师焉。《论语》V.ConclusionBoththeEnglishidiomsandChineseidiomshavealonghistoryofdevelopment.Theyaredifferentfromeachotherintermsoflivingcircumstances,traditionandcustom,religionandhistoricalallusion,buttheyallreflecttheirownculturalphenomenonandcontents.Alsoidiomsareakindofpresentationoflanguagewhichcanmakelanguagevividinexpression.Althoughidiomshavesimplestructurebuttheyoftenhaveaprofoundmeaningwhichwillhelphumankindtounderstandtheworld.Theywarnpeopletodowhattheyoughttodoandavoidpeoplefrommakingmistakes.Astheyarewidelyusedinpeople’sdailylife,theymakedifferencetopeopleandtothesociety.Theycanenlightenpeople"slife,guidepeople"sbehaviorandeducatepeoplebygivingthoseethicsandexperience.Inoneword,theidiomsinEnglishandChinesearethetreasureofpeople.11 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