Ⅷ.习语、谚语、俗语、诗句的翻译 14页

一、习语、谚语、俗语、诗句的翻译每种语言的背后都有深厚的文化积淀,各国各族人们在长期实践和使用过程中不断提炼出一些习语,反映本国、本民族的社会历史、文化、风土人情,用简练、优美的语言体现出深厚的文化底蕴和丰富的意义。这些习语是语言的精华,是人类智慧的结晶。汉语和英语均是使用广泛的语言,都有十分丰富的习语,人们在交往过程中往往使用习语来表达深刻的道理,增加语言美以达到更好的交际效果.在国际交往中也是如此。另外,人们也常引用一些经典诗句来表情达意。因此,在进行口译时经常会遇到需要快速传译习语、诗句的情况。例如温家宝总理在纽约演讲时就引用了一句古诗“会当凌绝顶,一览众山小”(Iwillascend1themountain"sdominantpeaktohaveacommandingviewallinaswee旌哈佛大学的演讲中引用了天下兴亡，匹夫有责”(Everybodyisresponsiblefortheriseorfallofthecount、ry“衙斋卧听萧萧竹,疑是人间疾苦声”(Therustlingofbamboooutsidemyodorsoundslikethemoaningoftheneedypoor迎接外宾时人们常会说有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎”(Itissuchadelighttohavefriendscomingfromafar^在这些情况下，若口译员平常没有训练过习语、诗句的口译,没有熟记一些常用的习语、经典诗句,而是临场翻译,势必难译其妙,甚至会语塞卡壳。习语、诗句的转译对口译人员来说是艰难而又必须跨越的障碍,因此,了解和掌握一些耳熟能详的习语和经典诗句对提高口译质量将大有益处。1.百花齐放,百家争鸣。Letahundredflowersblossomandahundredschoolsofthoughtcontend.2.搬石头砸自己的脚。Liftingarockonlytohavehisowntoessquashed.3.宾至如归。 Whenthevisitorarrives,itisasifreturninghome.1.不到黄河心不死。Untilallisoverambitionneverdies.2.不管三七二十一。Nomatterwhatyoumaysay.3.不入虎穴,焉得虎子。Howcanonegettigercubsevenwithoutenteringthetiger"slair?4.趁热打铁。Strikewhiletheironishot.5.没有不带刺的玫瑰。There’snorosewithoutathorn.6.成则公侯败则寇。Peoplemaybecomeprincesorthieves,depedningonwhetherthey’resuccessfulornot.7.大智若愚。Heknowsmostwhospeaksleast.8.但愿人长久,千里共婵娟。Wewisheachotheralonglifesoastosharethebeautyofthisgracefulmoonlight,eventhoughmilesapart.9.独立自主,自力更生。Tomaintainindependenceandkeeptheinitiativeinourhandsandrelyonourownefforts. 1.独木不成林。Onepersoncannotaccomplishmuch.2.二人同心,其力断金。Iftwopeoplealeofthesamemind,theirsharpnesscancutthroughmetal.3.各人自扫门前雪,哪管他家瓦上霜。Sweepthesnowfromyourownfrontdoor,leavethefrostontheotherman’srooftothaw.4.水能载舟,亦能覆舟。Thewaterthatbearstheboatisthesamethatswallowsitup..5.狗咬吕洞宾,不识好人心。LikethedogthatbitLuTungbin--youbitthehandthatfeedsyou.6.海内存知己,天涯若比邻。Abosomfriendafarbringsdistancenear.7.葫芦里卖的什么药?What’satthebackofit?8.既来之,则安之。Takethingsastheycome.9.己所不欲,勿施于人。Donotdotootherswhatyouwouldnothaveothersdotoyou. 1.捡了芝麻,丢了西瓜。Toconcentrateonminormatterstotheneglectofmaiorones.2.见贤思齐。Whenyouseemenofworth,youshouldthinkofequalingthem.3.酒香不怕巷子深。Goodwineneedsnobush.4.居安思危。Intimeofpeaceprepareforwar.5.君子之交淡如水。Ahedgebetweenkeepsfriendshipgreen.6.路遥知马力,日久见人心。Alongroadtestsahorse’sstrengthandalongestaaskmparno"svheart.7.人言可畏。Thetongueisnotsteel,yetitcuts.8.民为贵,社稷次之,君为轻。Thepeoplearethemostimportantelementinastate;nextal"ethegodsoflandandgrain;leastistherulerhimself.9.谋事在人,成事在天。Manproposes,Goddisposes. 1.木已成舟。Thewoodisalreadymadeintoaboat-w-hat’sdoneisdone.2.能者多劳。Alllayloadsonawillinghorse.3.宁为玉碎,不为瓦全。Betterdiewithhonorthanlivewithshame.4.否极泰来。Theextremeofadversityisthebeginningofprosperity.5.拼着一身剐,敢把皇帝拉下马。OnewhowillriskbeingslicedtopiecesdareunsaddletheEmperor.6.青出于蓝而胜于蓝。Thepupiloutdoesthemaster.7.清官难断家务事。Notevengoodofficialscansettlefamilytroubles.8.人怕出名猪怕壮。Greathonorsaregreatburdens.9.塞翁失马,焉知非福。Nothingsobad,asnottobegoodforanything.10.三个和尚没水喝。 Everybodysbusinessisnobodysbusiness1.少数服从多数。Theminorityissubordinatetothemajority.2.少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。Ayoungidler,anoldbeggar.3.身正不怕影子斜。Astraightfootisnotafraidofacrookedshoe.4.盛名之下,其实难副。Commonfameisaliar.5.盛筵必散。Eventhegrandestfeastmusthaveanend.6.生于忧患,死于安乐。Lifespringsfromsorrowandcalamity,anddeathfromeaseandpleasure.7.失之东隅,收之桑蚕。Whatweloseinhakeweshallhaveinherring.8.十年树木,百年树人。Ittakestenyearstogrowtreesbutahundredyearstorearpeople9.识时务者为俊杰。Whosoeverunderstandsthetimesisagreatman. 1.逝者如斯乎!不舍昼夜。Thepassageoftimeisjustliketheflowofwater,whichgoesondaynight.2.顺其自然。Letthenaturetakecareofit.3.天生万物,唯人为贵。Manisthemostvaluableamongallthethingsthatheavenfosters.4.天涯何处无芳草。Thereareplentyoffishinthesea.5.为人不做亏心事,半夜不怕鬼敲门。Aclearconscienceisasurecard.6.温故而知新,可以为师矣。Hewhobyreviewingtheoldcangainknowledgeofthenewandisfittobeateacher.7.闻过则喜。Onerejoiceswhenheistoldtohaveafault.Nosmokewithoutfire.58.无可奈何花落去。Flowersfalloff,dowhatonemay.59.小巫见大巫。Themoonisnotseenwhenthesunshines. 58.星星之火.可以燎原。Littlechipslightgreatfire.59.学如逆水行舟.不进则退。Learningislikerowingupstream:nottoadvanceistodropback.60.雅俗共赏。Highbrowsandlowbrowsalikecanenjoy.61.眼高手低。Tohavegrandioseaimsbutpunyabilities.64..眼见为实。Seeingisbelieving.65.燕雀安知鸿鹄之志。Asparrowcannotunderstandtheambitionofaswan.66.心有余而力不足。Thespiritiswillingbutthefleshisweak.67.一寸光阴一寸金。Aninchoftimeisaninchofgold.68.一个巴掌拍不响。Ittakestwotomakeaquarrel.69.一回生,二回熟。 Firsttimestrangers,secondtimefriends.65.一乡之善士斯友一乡之善士,天下之善士斯友天下之善士。Agoodcitizeninonecommunitywillbefriendtheothercitizensofthecommunity;agoodcitizenoftheworldwillbefriendtheothercitizensoftheworld.66.一招不慎满盘皆输。0necarelessmovelosesthewholegame.67.有朋自远方来,不亦乐乎。Itissuchadelighttohavefriendscomingfromafar.68.鹬蚌相争,渔翁得利。Twodogsstriveforabone,andathirdrunsawaywithit.69.与君一席话,胜读十年书。0neevening’sconversationwithagentlemanisworthmorethantenyears"study.70.欲穷千里目,更上一层楼。Wewidenourviewsthreehundredmilesbyascendingoneflightofstairs.71.欲速则不达。 Morehaste,lessspeed.65.这山望着那山高。Thegrassisgreenerontheotherside.Truebluewillneverstain.79.智者千虑,必有一失。Thebesthorsestumbles..80.众人拾柴火焰高。Manyhandsmakelightwork.英译汉1.Abirdinthehandisworthtwointhebush.双鸟在林,不如一鸟在手。2.Abirdisknownbyitsnoteandamanbyhistalk.闻啼知鸟,闻言知人。3.Afallintothepit,againinyourwit.吃一堑长一智。4.Agoodbeginningishalfthebattle.一个良好的开端是成功的一半。5.Arollingstonegathersnomoss.滚石不生苔。 1.Asmallleakwillsinkagreatship.小洞不堵要沉大船。2.Awisemantightenshistongue,speakinglessthanthinkin翦者慎育，多思少说。3.Absencemakestheheartgrowfonder.离得越久想得越甚。4.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.事实胜于雄辩。5.Allisnotgoldthatglitters.发光的并不都是金子。6.Alltheriversrunintothesea;yettheseaisnotfull.百川归海而海不盈。7.Barkingdogsdonotbite.吠犬不咬人。8.Beggarscannotbechoosers.只好给什么就要什么。9.Beslowtopromiseandquicktoperform.慢许诺,快履行。10.Birdsofafeatherflocktogether. 物以类聚,人以群分。16.Cannotseethewoodforthetrees.一叶障目,不见泰山。17.Cantheleopardchangehisspots!江山易改,本性难移。18.Carekillsacat.忧能伤身。19.Catchnotattheshadowandlosethesubstance.勿因小失大，舍本逐末。20．Cautionistheparentofsafety．小心驶得万年船。21.Constantdroppingwearsawayastone商水穿石。22.Contentisbetterthanriches．知足胜于财富（知足常乐。23．Diamondcutdiamond．强中自有强中手。24．DoinRomeasRomansdo．人乡随俗。25．Don’tputthecartbeforethehorse．切勿本末倒置。26．Easycome，easygo．来得容易去得快。27．Emptyvesselsmakethemostnois．e无知的人爱自吹。28．Everydoghashisday．凡人皆有得意日。29．Everymanhashisfaults．金无足赤，人无完人。30．Thestyleistheman．文如其人。31．Finefeathersmakefinebirds．人靠衣装，佛靠金装。32.Fortuneknocksonceatleastateveryman,gate.风水轮流转。33.Foureyesseemorethantwo．集思广益。34．Greatmindsthinkalike．英雄所见略同。35．Greatoaksfromlittleacornsgrow．合抱之木，生于毫末。36．Halfaloafisbetterthannobread．有半块面包总比没有好。37．Hewhokeepscompanywiththewolfwilllearntohowl.近朱者赤，近墨者黑。38．Hewholaughslastlaughsbes．t谁笑到最后．谁就笑得最好。39．Ifyoucannotstandthehea．tgetoutofthekitchen．怕苦就别干。40．Ifyouwill．youshallbetaught．处处留心皆学问。41．Illnewscomesapace． 好事不出门，坏事传千里。42．Illworkmenoftenblametheirtools．拙工咎器。43．Inacalmsea，everymanisapilot．海面平静，人人都可当舵手。44．Intheendthingswillmend．车到山前必有路。45．It’salonglanetthasnoturning．路必有弯。46．Itneverrainsbutitpours．不鸣则已，一鸣惊人。47．Jackofalltrades，andmasterofnone．门门精通，样样稀松。48．Justicehaslongarms．天网恢恢，疏而不漏。49．Killtwobirdswithonestone．一箭双雕。50．Letsleepingdoglie．勿打草惊蛇。51．Let"sputallthecardsonthetable．让我们打开天窗说亮话吧。52．Likefather，likeson．有其父，必有其子。53．Likeknowslike.英雄识英雄。54.Lookbeforeyouleap．三思而后行。55.Lookers-onseemorethanplayers．当事者迷，旁观者清。56．Makehaywhilethesunshines．趁晴晒草。57．Manyhandsmakelightwork．众人拾柴火焰高。58．Manykissthebabyforthenurse".sSake之意不在酒。59.Nosmokewithoutfire.无火不起烟（无风不起浪。60．Onefalsemovemaylosethegam．e一招不慎满盘皆输。61．Oneisnevertoolatetolearn．活到老，学到老。62．Oneswallowdoesnotmakeasumme．r一燕不成夏。63．Outofsight，outofmind．眼不见为净（眼不见，心不烦。64．Practicemakesperfec．t熟能生巧。65．Putthecartbeforethehors．e本末倒置。66．Readingmakesafullman，conferenceareadyman，andwritingallexactman．读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。67．Romewasnotbuiltinaday．冰冻三尺，非一日之寒。68．Speakofthedevilandhewillappear．说曹操，曹操到。69．Stillwatersrundeep．静水流深。70．Theearlybirdcatchestheworm．捷足先登，笨鸟先飞。71．Thefinestdiamondmustbecu．t玉不琢，不成器。72．Thehigherup，thegreaterthefal．l爬得愈高，跌得愈惨。73．Thelongestdaymusthaveanen．d苦难终有尽头。74．Theparent"slifeisthechild"scopy—book．父母所为，子女之师。75．Thepotcallsthekettleblack．五十步笑百步。76．Thingsdonecannotbeundon．e木已成舟o77．Timeandtidewaitfornoman．时不我待。78．Toomanycooksspoilthebroth.厨师多坏一锅汤。79.Tosavetimeistolengthenlife.节约时间就等于延长 生命。80．Twoheadsarebetterthanon．e一人不及两人智。