英语音标学习顺口溜集锦 18页

英语音标学习顺口溜集锦①国际音标四十八、个个都要记清它，元音单、双二十整，辅音清、浊二十八。元音：单元音分中、前、后，依次各有二、四、六；双元音数也是双，正好八个不要漏。单元音前元音:(i:),(i),(e),0中元音：(),()后元音：(u:),九)，()，()，(a:)双元咅：(ei),(ai),辅音：辅音虽多也别慌，清浊成对有十双；剩下(h)(r)⑴(j)(w),还有鼻音(m)(n)山)。清浊成对：(p),(b)；⑷，(d),(k),(g)；(f),(v)；4),1)(s),〔z)；(J)〔)；(ts),〔dz)；(tr),〔dr)；〔tj),(d3)②二十八个辅咅按发咅特点归类：一舌、二半、三鼻，六爆、六破、十摩擦。一舌:(1)二半:(w),(j)三鼻音：(m),(n),(币六个爆破音：(p),(b)；(t),(d)；(k),(g)六个破擦咅：Its〕，(dz),(tr),(dr),(t〕，(d〕十个摩擦音：(f),(v),(8),(),(s),〔z),(J),(),5),(r)③拼读口诀：辅音轻读元音重，两音相读猛一碰。二、词汇：①形容词性物主代词变名词性物主代词：一变、二留、四加S。一变：my・mine二留：his-his,its-its四力nS：your-yoursher-hersour-ourstheir-theirs②后辍构词法：一元一辅，乂重乂短，双写辅音，再加后缀。”一元一辅，又重又短”指某单词是以重读闭咅结尾，只有一个元咅字母而口读短咅，末尾也只有一个辅音字母的单词；这八个字概述了四个条件，缺一不可，”双写辅音，再加后缀”如符合上述情况的，在构成后缀时，需双写该辅音字母，再加后缀。此方法可用于规则动词变现在分词，过去式、过去分词；形容词变比较级、最高级等。例：1、stop-stopping(现在分词)-stopped(过去式)stopped(过去分词)2、fat-fatter(比较级)-fattest(最高级)注：加现在分词时，需要留意以下两种情况。①openNupen)它不是以重读闭音节结尾的，不符合上述条件，故末尾辅音不能双写。而begin,forget是重读闭音节结尾的单词，符合上述情况，构成现在分词时，需双写辅音beginning,forgettingo②throw,playstay虽符合”一元一辅”条件，但他们是元咅字母组合发咅不符合条件，故不能双写throwing,playingstaying③△称代词与be动词变化我后am,你后are。is跟着他、她、它。注：we>they,均为areo 三、语法：①反意疑问句：反意疑问，理解其意，前后相反，构成问句。吋态一致，句型统一，前否后肯，回答注意。例：YourbrotherdoesnVtstudyhard,doeshe?你弟弟学习不努力，是吗？No,hedoesnVto是的,他不努力。注：下列情况另当别论。a)祈使句构成的反意疑问句：1)LetVshavearest,shallwe?2)Letushavearest,willyou?3)Lendyourbike,willyou?b)陈述石J部分含有never,hardly,fewno,little,nothing,nobody口寸，疑问部分要用肯定形式。1)MikecanhardlyspeakChinese,canhe?2)Youhavenothingtosay,doyou?②省to作宾补的不定式的动词有，一感(feel),二听(listento,hear)三让：(let,make,have),四看(see,watch,lookat,notice)以上的动词改为被动语态时，后面的不定式须带to。例:Weoftenheardhersinginherroom,Shewasheardtosinginherroom.Note:lookat,listento在运用中，省to多用于美语中。例:Theteacherlookedatthechildrenentertheclassroom□Wehavebeenlisteningtotheradiotellalongstoryo 音标对应的字母组合1•元咅：1)[i:]字母组合:eeeaeiethreetreegreensheepmeetbeefseeseekeatteameatleaveleadteacherteammeanspeakcleanpleaseheshemepiecereceiveceiling2)发音字母iyesitpictureitislistsixmixfixfitpigbigbuildmissmythmanytwentyhappydictionarydefectdecidedelicious3)[]发音字母abaghandandanthappyhatmapmadbadblackbackgladflagshallman4)[e]字母组合eaeaheadbreadpleasureelephantelectricremembersellshelllessonbetterbeddeskhotelyesmanyany5)[&]字母组合irurearerorgirlshirtskirtthirtythirteenthirdbirdturnbummurdernurseturtleThursdayburgerworkwormworkworld6)[e]字母组合erorouaroaeuteacherleaderrememberplayerspeakerfarmerpowderdoctoractormayorauthortractordeliciousgraciouspleasurefamiliarcollardollartogethertomorrowtodayshalloplessonWashingtoncontrolpolitearoundaccountagoelephantmantabananaCanadaJapanchinamenlistenfamulusSaturday7)[a:]字母组合aracarfarmcardarmgardenfastclasslastglassplantauntcalm8)[]发音字母uoouooupsupperlunchfungunhuntcupbuscomemotherdosebrotherloveabovetroubleroughflourishbloodflood9)[]字母组合alorauourarsmallwalltalktallhallballcallwalkshortmorelordhorseforfortysportdoorfloorstorelearnearnearthheardauthorcaughtautumn fourmourncourtboughtwannquarrelquarter10)[]发音字母oahotlostlotfoxboxmophoplosscollarnotwantwashwatch11)[u:]字母组合00oufoodmoonroomgloombroomdoomgoosetoothshoedotwotruetruthbluefullprude12)[u]字母组合ooouuolookgoodfootbookwoodshouldcouldputfullbullpullpushwomanwolf13)[ei]发音字母aayeaaieynamecakelategateplaneAprilplaysaymaywaygreatbreakrainpaintplaintheygrey14)[ai]发音字母iybikefinefinddieninelightnighthighhouseoutflourgroundaccountcountsoundloudaroundmouseflowerdownnowcowhowtown16)[eu]发音字母oowoahomecoldgonophonehostghostknowlowbelowgrowblowshowflowboatcoatgoal17)[]字母组合oyoiboytoyjoyoilsoilvoicechoice18)[ie]字母组合eerearbeerdeerearnearherefierceidea19)[]字母组合earairerepearbearchairairfairtherewherecare20)[ue]字母组合ourowerhourtourflowershowermytryflyeye关丁•英语字母组的合发音 26个字母发音规律：a/ci/namecaketable/se/applecatmapam/a:/wantdance/o/whatwatchb/b/bookbigbagboxc/k/catcakecupclockcar/s/facenicepencilbooksd/d/deskdolldogdadc/i:/heshemeetme/e/elephanteggbedpenf/f7finefriendflyfootfang/g/gunglassgladglove/d3/ageorangeh/IVhathehousehandi/ai/finebikefiveice/i/issitmisspigpicturej/d3/jeepjamjacketjark/k/kitecakeblackthank1/l/legleftrulerflaglamp/!/applebowltelloldm/m/ammapmymouthmilkn/n/noknownewhando/su/oldhomenosecoke/o/dognotclockbox/A/sonmonthmotherlovep/p/mapjeeppigpenappleq/kw/quitequiltquickr/r/redradiobrotherrackets/s/sitmissthissmilebooks/z/nosethoseroserulerst/t/itsitnotthattabiclittleu/ju:/useusuallyexcuse/A/busussunduck/u/putpullpushv/v/fivevaseverysevenw/w/wcwindowwatchwantx/ks/boxsixfoxy/ai/myflywhybye/j/yesyellow/i/happybabyveryz/z/zoozero元音组合ai/ei/waitpaintay/ei/mayplaydaysayair/£9/airhairchairal/o:/tallsmallballar/a:/fartherfarmcararmea/i:/meatpleasetearead /e/headbreadready/io/theaterear/id/earhearnear/£9/bear/o:/earthee/i:/meetseebeefeetjeepcir/co/theirer/s/workerteacher/a:/herere/io/here/£0/wherethereew°u:/newfew/u:/flewgrewight/ai/righthighbrightir/o:/birdgirlshirtthirtyoa/au/boatcoatong/or)/longsongoo/u/bookfootgood/u:/moonballoonor/:/shortforkport/o:/wordworldworkoor/o:/doorfloorour/o:/fouryour/aus/ourow/Qu/bowlwindow/au/nowcowfloweroy/oi/boytoyur/o:/turn辅音组合th/O/thankmouth/8/thisthatwithtr/tr/treetraintruckdr/dr/dressdriversh/f/shirtwashshortch/tf/childchaircatch/k/schoolChristmas/d3/sandwichtw/tw/twotwintwentywh/w/whitewheelwhat/h/whowhosewhomts/ts/jacketskitesds/dz/birdsfriends字母组合发咅规则ore/o:/morestoresoreou/au/outhousemouth 要想学好英语口语，应该学一些语咅知识，以下是我总结的一些有关语音的知识，1元音：[i：]EH[A][e][[：][[][a：][Q][R：][R][U：][U]birdturnburnmurdernurseturtleThursdayburger1earnearnearthheardei][ai][aU][EU][Ri][订][Z[][UE]termhernerdserve1)[i:]字母组合:eeeaeiethreetreegreensheepmeetbeefseeseekeatteameatleaveleadteacherteammeanspeakcleanpleaseheshemepiecereceiveceiling2)[i]发音字母iyesitpictureitislistsixmixfixfitpigbigbuildmissmythmanytwentyhappydictionarydefectdecidedelicious3)[]发咅字母abaghandandanthappyhatmapmadbadblackbackgladflagshallman4)[e]字母组合eaeaheadbreadpleasureelephantelectricremembersellshell1essonbetterbeddeskhotelyesmanyany5)[£:]字母纟□合irurearurorworkwormworkworld6)[£]字母组合crorouaroqcuteacherleaderrememberplayerspeakerfarmerpowderdoctordctormayorauthortractordeliciousgraciouspleasurefamiliarcol1ardol1artogethertomorrowtodayshalloplessonWashingtoncontrolpolitearoundaccountagoelephantmantabananaCanadaJapanchinamenlistenfamulusSaturday7)[a:]字母组合aracarfarmcardarmgardenfastclasslastglassplantauntcalm8)[]发音字母uoouoobloodfloodgirlshirtskirtthirtythirteenthirdupsupperlunchfungunhuntcupbuscomemotherdosebrotherloveabovetroubleroughflourishsmallwalltalktallhallballcallwalkshortmorelordhorseforfortysportdoor floorstoreauthorcaughtautumnfourmourncourtboughtwarmquarrelquarterdrawsawflaw10)[]发咅字母Oahotlostlotfoxboxmophoplosscollarnotwantwash11)[u:]字母组合00oufoodmoonroomgloombroomdoomgoosetoothshoedotwotruetruthbluefull12)[u]字母组合ooouuolookgoodfootbookshouldcouldputfullbullpullpushwomanwolf13)[ci]发音字母aayeaaieynamecakelategateplaneAprilrainpaintplaintheygrey14)[ai]发音字母iybikefinefinddieninelightnighthighmytryflyeye15)[au]字母组合ouowhouseoutflourgroundaccountcountsoundloudaroundmouseflowerdownnowcowhowtown16)[eu]发音字母oowoahomecoldgonophonehostghostknowlowbelowgrowblowshowflowboatcoatgoal17)[]字母组合oyoiboytoyjoyoilsoilvoicechoice18)[ie]字母组合eerbeerdeerearideanearherefierce19)[]字母组合earairpearbearchairairfaircaretherewhere20)[u£]hourtourpoorflowershower2容易混淆的元音 badbedhandheadmanmenlandlendpanpensadsaid[i：][ei]realrai1greetgreatmeanmainreadraid[e][ai]betbiteredwritesaidsideheadhide[aU][R：]househorseloudlordsouthsaucecloudclausenownorcountcorn[aU][Q]foundfonddowndonegowngonetownton3辅咅1)penpearplaypigpourpullpush2)[b]bookbigbootbikebreadbreak3)[t]treetwotentontowntwentycity4)[d]doordulldeskdosedodogdictionary5)[k]kingkitekeylookcookbookkitchensky(发音字母k)cardcatcreamcorrectclimbcomeaccountaccept(发音字母c)foxboxoxygenx-ray(发音字母x)schoolscheduleschema(字母组合ch)6)[g]girlgoodgoalgoatgradelonglanguage7)[m]manmakemoonmorningmovecomecomb1)[N]unclcbankEnglishthinkthankjunksingkingmorningevening2)[1]longlandlendlordflyflagblackworldcoldcouldgoalsoul3)[r]readredrightrunroomwrite4)[f]fiveflyfineflagfrogfogroofkniFclifewifecoughlaughroughphysicphotophone5)[v]veryeveningoveneveryvoicevestof6)[s]sixsitstudentsameseatkissmisscasescarf(发音字母s)licensecityceasecedarceilingcelebrate(发音字母c)1iceneepiecejuicesciencelancespaceace(字母组合co)7)[z]zoozebrazerozapclosenosehosesupposepausethosewhose8)[W]thinkthankthreethirtytoothmouth9)[T]thatthisthosethesethough10)[F]sheepshouldershipshooshebrushwashnationattentionstationsocialspecialsure11)[V]pleasure8)[n]pentenninefinenightnoonmoonclean activehandbankfnnparentfamilygladflag10)[w]whenwhatwherewindowwindwood11)[j]yesyearyellyouyouryolkyellow12)[tF]childchickenchinachairlunchouchteach(字母组合ch)catchwatchmatch(字母组合tch)13)[dV]ageIanguagecabbagevegetablestagebridgejoyenjoyjoinJulyJunejunk14)[tr]treecountrytrytreattracktrunk15)[dr]drydreamdropdrivedrink16)[ts]studentsbootsboatsgoatsnuts17)[dz]goodswoodsmoodshoods4容易混淆的辅音[v][w]vestwestvetwetvinewineverywell[s][W]sinkthinkmassmathmissmythsortsought[z][T]acceptaboutaboveformativemachinecinemafastlastglassclasspastfatherwashwhatwatchwant2)e[i:][e][i][[]不发音appreciateextremelysecretshemoheletterleftmessagegeneratepebbledecideprettypreviousresultrestoreproblemprosperousstudentconfidentactivetablelatewifestorelecture3)i[ai][i]highpricelibraryicecreamwifesizelinefistpickchiekenpianofianc。cityunit4)o[[J][J:][Q][[][R]lodehostcoldnoteokayoldhomelosedowhowhosoprovelovesomeothermotherhoneycompanycloseclothbreezebreathetodaytomorrowtogethercontrolcol1ect[n][N]losthotmockofficesofthonestthinthingsinsingranrangbanbangwinwing5字母，组合音节发音规律1)a[ei][æ][[][a:][R]5)u[ju][u][Q][[]universityrefuseuniqueuniversohugeputpushpullfullbull supportsuggest6)c[k][s]countrycampcameracouragecablecityceilingcelebratecellcease7)g[g][dV][N]girlgradeglassgladebagflagvillagevegetablebridgegentlemangymlongsongsingmorningevening8)1[1]读音不同listenlearnlanguagecollectEnglishgorillaworldcoldsoiltallsei1coolanimal9)n[n][N]moonnightnoodlenumberunclehungryangryyoung10)r[r][[](美语发音)rightreadwritegradeprogresscardboarddoorfloorformnorthIDy[j][il[ai]yellowyearyellyoungyolkuniversitycountryprettyhappydykedyingflybuybymy12)ar[a:][[][R:]warmquarrelquarter13)ea[i:][e][ei][i[]ceaseseasonbreathefeaturemeatpleasebreadbreastbreathmeadowweathergreatbreakidearealize14)ear[[订[i[]1earnearthearnheardhearnearclearearfear15)er[[:][[][i[]deserveservoherpersonteacherdriverangei"singerseriousexperiencemysteriousfierce16)ere[i[][Z[]heremerefereserethere17)ir[[:][ai]shirtgirlskirtadmiredesire18)oo[u:][u][Q][R:]roomtoolcoolmoonnoongooffoodgoodfootstoodwoodwoolcookwoodbookfarmcardgardenmarkbloodflood doorfloor19)or[R:][[:][[]shortformcornbornforworkworldwormwordworsttractordoctoractorsectorseniorsenator20)oor[R:][J[]doorfloormoorpoorboor21)our[J[][R:]hourtourflourbournlourpourcourtfourmourn22)ou[au][Q][[]housemouthmousesoundfoundenoughtroubletouchdeliciousgraciousprosperous6关于语音的几个概念：windowmeadowknowshowlownowtownhowdowncow24)se[z][s]nosesupposegoseloseposerosemousehouse25)th[W][T]thankthinkthoughtclothclothesthatthisthenthan26)sion[F[n][V[n]propulsiontensionprogressionpassionprotrusionprovisionconclusiontelevision27)tion[F[n][tF[n](不常见)stationnationtranslationattentionquestionPhonics是一种（方法），是教育学习者从字母排列屮去拼读出单个字来.AHD表示美语发音,TheAmericanHeritageDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage（简称AHD）KK音标是一套（注咅符号系统），是山JohnSamuelKenyon和JohnAlbertKnott两位美国学者共同编著的发音词典APronouncingDictionaryofAmericanl956屮用于标注美式发音的符号系统，这是一套最常用的也是最权威的注音法，从此人们把美语标准发音惯称为KK音标。DJ是根据英国学者DanielJones编的英语发音字典（EnglishPronouncingDictionary,1963）中的标音而来.英式读音根据的是EnglishPronouncingDictionary《英语止音辞典》。它们代表了被称为"ReceivedPronuciation"（RP）（标准读音）的读音，这在受过教育的英国人尤其是南部英格兰人中通用。 1888年国际语音协会(InternationalPhoneticAssociation)的语言学家便制定出一套可国际通用的语音符号叫国际音标符号(TPA—InternationalPhoneticAlphabet),希望以一个符号代表一音，并避免各人使用一套自己的符号所产生的不便。国内的英文字典里最常见的音标为英式发音的国际音标(DJ)和美式发音的KK音标，前者乃根据DanielJones编的英语发音字典(EnglishPronouncingDictionary,1963),后者则是根据JohnS.Kenyon&ThomasA.Knott二氏的美语发音字典(APronouncingDictionaryofAmericanEnglish,1956)o值得一提的是，KK音标所使用的符号均从前面提到的国际音标符号(IPA)而来,Kenyon&Knott二氏仅将其中适用于美式英语的符号截取出来。音素：音的最小单位，英语屮有48个音素.音节：由元音和辅音构成的发音单位.元音：发咅响亮，是乐音，口腔中气流不受阻碍，是音节的主要组成部分.英语中有20个元咅.辅音：发音不响亮,是噪音，口腔屮气流受到阻碍，不是音节的重要组成部分，英语屮有28个辅音.开音节:1)辅音+元音+辅音+不发音ekitecakenamebikemaketakehomeplaneshine2)辅咅+元音hehigonodobetreethreehello闭音节：1)辅音+元音+辅音sitbedbadbaghothopletmadmaphead2)元音〜辅音itisofinonupoutant英语字母及字母组合的发音规则一、元音字母在重读音节屮的读音元音字母读音例词a在开音节中[ei]nameplaneJanebabycake在闭音节中[«]bagdadhatmapblackbacke在开音节中[i:]hethesemeChinese在闭咅节中[e]bedletpendeskyeseggi在开音节屮[ai]bikeflydrivetimenicekite在闭音节中fishbigdrinksitmilkswimo在开音节中[ou]thoseclosegohoehomeno在闭音节中[C]clocknotboxshopsocku在开音节中[ju:]studentexcusedutyTuesday在闭音节屮[A]buscupjumpmuchlunch在开音节中，元音字母u在辅音字母j1rs后面时读[u:]音，例如：Junebluerulersuper二、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音元音字母读音例词a在[w]咅后面[C]wantwhatwatchwashqualitya在fnskphspssstth前[a:]afterplantgraphaskgraspglassfastfatheri在-ndTd和gh前[ai]findchildlighthigh o在-stTd前[ou]mostpostcardoldcoldo在mnvth前[A]comemonkeylovemother三、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音元音字母读音例词a[E]EChinaanotherwomanbreakfastorangecomradevillagecabbagee[E]hundredstudcntopenweekendchickenpocketbeginchildreni[E]/holidaybeautifulfam订yanimal[ai]exercisesatel1iteo[E]secondtonightsomebodywelcome[Eu]alsozerophotou[E]autumndifficult[ju:]popularcongratulationJanuary动词中的a如果处在开音节位置，a读[e订音，例如：operateu处在开音节位置，又在辅音字母j1rs后面时，读[u(:)]音,例如：JulyinfluenceFebruaryissue在非重读音节中，许多单词中的元音字母3ei即可以读作[E]音，也可以读作音。四、-工、音节元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音元音字母组合读音例词a/ra/r在[w]咅后面[a:]carfarmdarksharpener[C:]warmquartertowardsoror在[w]音后面[C:]fortymorningshort[E:]wordworkerworseerirur[E:]certainlybirdThursday辅咅字母r双写时，前面的元咅字母不能与r构成“咅节，而是按重读闭咅节的拼读规则发咅。例女n：carrysorryhurry-r音节在非重读音节中通常读[E]音,例如：dollarteachermartyrforgetSaturday五、-re音节元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音元音字母组合读音例词are[£E]caredarehareere[iE]heremereire[aiE]firehirewireore[C:]morescorebeforeure[juE]purecureareereireore很少出现在非重读咅节中，ure在非重读咅节中读[E]咅，例如：picturepleasure重读元音字母加Rr,再加非重读元字组时，重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读，字母Rr读[r]音。例女U：parentzerostoryduringinspiring某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。例如：orangeveryAmericanparagraph六、元音字母组合在重读音节屮的读音元音字母组合读音例词ai/ay[ei]afraidrainwaitdayplayair[£E]airhairchairpairrepairalal在fm前[C]smallballtalkwallall[C:1]alwaysalsosaltalmost[a：]halfcalmau/aw[C:]autumndaughterdrawea[i:]teacheasycheapplease[e]heavybreadsweaterweatherLei]breakgreatear[iE]heardearnearclearyear[£E]bearpearwearswear[E:]earthlearnearlyee[i:]jeepweekgreenthreeeer[iE]pioneerdeerbeerei/ey[ei]eightneighbourthey[i:]eitherkeyeu/ew在j1rs后[ju:]newfewnewspaper [u:]flewbrewjewelryie/ei[s]音Z后[i:]piecefieldreceiveoa[ou]coatJoanboatgoaloar/oor[C:]roarboarddoorflooroi/oy[Ci]noisepointboytoiletoo[u:]broomfoodtoothschoolbooklookcookfootgoodou/ow[au]flowerhousecountdown[ou]knowrowthrowthough[A]youngcountryenough[u:]groupyousoupour[C:]courseyourfour[auE]ourhourours[E:]journeyui在j1rs后[ju:i]fluidsuicidetuition[u:]juicefruitsuit七、非重读音节中元音字母组合和字群的读音元音字母组合或字群读音例词ai/ayei/eySundayforeignmonkeyow[on]yellowsparrowtomorrow元音字组在非重读音节中读[E]音或。例$n：neighbourseriousfamousbiscuitcoffee-sion-tion[Fn]impressionnation-sion在元音字母后[Vn]visiondecisionoccasion-tion在s后[tFEn]questionsuggestion-sten[sn]1isten-stle[si]whistle-sure[VE]pleasuremeasure-ture[tFE]pictureculture八、元音字母组合在复合词非重读音节中的读音复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号，但其中的元音字母或元音字母组合仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读o例如:everyday[ei]handbag[se]blackboard[C:]有些词随着语言的发展，前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义，融合成为一个词。其屮的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。例如：sun太阳+day[ei]R子>Sunday星期天holy神圣+day[ei]H子>holiday假日break中断+fast[a:]斋戒>breakfast[E]早餐cup茶杯+board木板[C:]>cupboard[E]碗柜九、辅音字母组合的读音辅音字母组合读音例词bbikebusbag[/]bombtombcc在e前或在i/y前[k]cakepicturecoatmusic[s]facedecidecinemach[tF]muchchickrichteacher[k]schoolheadachechemistry[F]machine-ck[k]cockpocketblackknockd[d]doctorbreadhandday-dge[dV]bridgefridgedr-[dr]childrendriverdrinkf[f]fivefourbreakfastgg在ei/y前「]baggardengo[dV]orangelargeGermaingh[f]coughenough[/]lightdaughterhigh guguegu在非重读音节中「]guessleaguedialogue「w]1anguageanguishh[h]hotheadhousehand[/]hourhonestj[dV]jeepjarjokejoinJulyk[k]kindbikeskatemakeweekkn-[n]knifeknowknock1[1]lifem订kschooltallm[m]monkeycomeautumn-inn[m]autumncolumnsolemnrm在[k][g]音前[n]notshinetennote[N]unclethankhungry~ng[N]morningyoungwrongp[p]paperplanepigshippenph[f]elephantphototelephoneq[k]Iraqqu-[kw]qualityquiter[r]redrubberrulers在词首或清辅音前元音字母间或浊辅音前[s]sitsleepdesk[z]musichusbandsc-[sk]scarlet[s]musclesciencesh[F]shefishshirtwasht在通常情况下在弱读字母iaieio前[t]tenlettermeet[F]patientnationtch[tF]watchth在通常情况下在冠词代词介词连词中在词尾-the-ther中[8]thinthirtymethod[T]thethesewiththan[T]clothefatherweathertr-[tr]treetraincountrytruckv[v]veryvoiceloveleavew[w]weekwinwakesweetwait[/]Answertwowh-wh-在字母o前[w]whatwhenwhitewhy[h]whowhosewholex在重读元音前[ks]boxtextexercise[gz]exampleexistexactwr-[r]writey-[j]yesyardyellowyoungz[z]puzzlezerozoo1如何根据英语单词来拼写出音标2如何根据音标来拼写单词由词写音标：首先你要判断单词读音 比如English,先把它分成eng和lish两个音节，然后判断长短原音，规律是，一个音节，别如果以原音结尾，就发长音，如果辅音结尾，就发短音比如eng和lish都是短音，lame分音节是la/mc,所以a是长音。注意这里me是不发音的，单分音节是为了和lam区分_再如success,有两个c,所以分成sec/cess,发短音而recess,只有一个c,分成re/cess,地一个e发长音在如像run做进行时态时，要多加一个n,所以分成run/ning,mn读咅不变，而像make>making是从ma/kc>ma/king,保留了音节结构。还有像ei和ai等组合原音也是这样但要注意有些组合如boot/book不遵照这个规律还有很多其他的例外，都要根据经验来判断然后再判断辅音，这里的变化比较少，主要是c/g和相关的如ch,gh等的的清音和浊音。在同音节中第一个原音如果是e,i,y的发soft音，像cell,所有其他的，包括如果后面没有原音的，发辅音。比如suc/cess,第一个c是音节结尾，所以发k,第二个后面是e,所以发s当然有很多例外，如gear,get,gift,celt等，要根据经验判断注意上面的是总结出的规律，不是规则，英语不是按这些东西造出来的，所以有很多例外。经验很重要知道发音，只要写出对应的音标就行了，应该没有难度 按咅拼词首先确定可能是什么原音和什么辅音（根据音标规则），然后根据上面提到的规律确定最可能是哪些，然后就是经验，与以知的有相同部分的词对照。这是我当年上ESL的吋候老师教的。不过没教过咅标，只是和读咅用的。