教案 [英语语法]省略句 5页

省略句定义：为了使语言简洁或避免重复，要省略句中的一个或几个成分，这种语法现象称之为省略。1，状语从句的省略在when,while,whenever,till,assoonas,if,unless,asif,though等引导的状语从句中，其实是：包括时间，让步，方式等一些状语从句中，若从句主语和主句主语相同，或者是it时，且从句的主语为be动词时，则从句中的主语和be动词常全部被省略。If_______________(heat),waterwillboil.When___________(walk)thedog,youwerecarelessanditgotloose.常用的一些短语：1,ifpossible,when/ifnecessary,as…aspossible,asplease(随便)IwilldowhatIcan_____________(help)youwhennecessary.Ifnecessary,Iwillwritehimaletter.2,ifso(如果是这样)，ifever(如果曾经发生过)，ifany(如果有些)，ifnot(如果不)，evenso（即便如此）Iwillgototheparty.Ifnot,Iwillletyouknow.Idonotlikereadingpopularnovels.Ifany,Icanreadit.Itislikelytoraintomorrow.Ifso,IwillstayathomesurfingtheInternet.3,在as,than,however，whatever,nomatterwhat等引导的从句中，常省略某些成分。Aftertwohoursshebecamequieter(thanshehadbeen).)2，虚拟语气中的省略：1），常省略if，而将had，were,should提前，构成部分倒装。__________he_________(take)myadvice,hewouldhavesucceeded.2),在suggest动词串中，应用虚拟语气虚拟语气（should+动词原形），should可省略。Itsuggestedthatwe(should)gotoseeafilm.3，在定语从句和名词性从句中的省略。1），在限定性定语从句中，常将在从句中做宾语或状语的关系词who,whom,that省略。Thegirl_________________theteacherspoketoismysister.Idon"tliketheway________________shespeakstohermother.2),在know,think,consider等动词后所接的宾语从句中，连词that可以省略，若连接的是两个宾语从句，只有第一个that可以省略，其余的不可以省略。Hesaid(that)thetextwasveryimportantandthatweshouldlearnitbyheart.5,动词不定式的省略。1），使役动词let,make,have,及感官动词see,watch,hear,等后面作宾语补足语的不定式要省去to,但是被动语态要加上toIsawtheboyfallfromthetree.=>Theboywasseentofallfromthetree.Theboywantedtoplayfootballinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim______.AnotBnottoCnottodoDnottodoit2),有时候为了避免重复，与前文所表达的内容相同的不定式to后面的内容要省略，而只是保持不定式的符号to。Couldyougoshoppingwithme？Iamgladto.3),不定式作某些动词的宾语时，可省略不定式内容，只保留不定式to,这类动词包括有like,love,hope,wish,expect,refuse,mean,try,agree等5 Youcandoitifyoumeanto.注意：省略的不定式的内容若有作助动词用的have或be的任何形式时，to后面的have或be要保留。Hedidnotcome,butheought________A.toBtohaveC×Dtodo4),两个或者两个以上的动词不定式并列在一起由and/or连接时，第一个不定式待to,后面的不定式可省略去to，但是表示对比时则不省略to。Herjobistotakecareofthechildrenand(to)washclothes.Itisbettertolaughthantocry.6,介词的省略。1），一些与动词，名词，或形容词一起搭配的介词常省略，而保留其后面的动名词，常见的句型有：havedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsth,bebusy(in)doingsth,stop/preventsb(from)doingsth,wastetime(in)doingsth2)表示时间的介词at,on和in用在next,last,this,these,yesterday,tomorrow,one,any,every,each,some等词之前，一般可以省略。Wegotoschooleverydayexcept(on)Sunday。InthismorningIdomorningexercisesasusual.(改错）7，在口语中常常出现的省略情况：Howcome？怎么样会这样呢？表示惊讶。Howso?为什么？Whatfor?为什么呢？要求解释原因。whynot?为什么不呢？表示对意见的赞同。what？什么？什么事情呢？对对方的话没有听明白时的交际用语。sowhat?那又怎么样？Rick’sparentsarealittlestrange,Ithink.Howso?Wouldyouliketogooutforapicnicwithus?Whynot?8,用so，not代替上文提到过的一部分或整个句子Ishecomingbacktonight?Ithinkso.Shemustbebusynow?Ifso,shecannotgowithus.Isshefeelingbettertoday?Iamafraidnot.这种用法常见的有:Whyso?Isthatso?Hesaidso?注意：肯定式用so代替上文的语义，但否定式用“Idon’tsuppose/believe/think/guessso”。而hope,beafraid,besure则用“Ihope/amafraid/amsurenot”。10特殊短语中的省略HavenothingtodobutdoHavenochoicebuttodoDoall/everythingwhatsbcan/could(do)todosthDoaspossibleassbcan(do)todosthAtpresentIhavenothingtodobut___________AtowaitBwaitCwaitingDwaitedWewilldoeverythingwe____________himwhenheisindanger.5 AcandoBcantodoCcandoingDcandone省略同步练习：1_____withthesizeofthewholeearth,thebiggestoceandoesnotseembigatall.(2004湖北高考)A.CompareB.WhencomparingC.ComparingD.Whencompared2That’sanunpleasantthingtosayaboutyourfatherafter_______he’sdoneforyou.(2004高考)A.somethingB.anythingC.allD.that3Acomputerdoesonlywhatthinkingpeople_________.A.haveitdoB.haveitdoneC.havedoneitD.havingitdone.4---WouldyouliketogototheGreatTheatrewithmetonight.---______.A.Yes,IwouldliketogototheGreatTheaterwithyoutonight.B.I’dloveto,butIhaveanexamtomorrow.C.No,Iwouldn’tD.That’sallright5---Youhaven’tlosttheticket,haveyou?---______.Iknowit’snoteasytogetanotheroneatthemoment.A.IhopenotB.Yes,IhaveC.IhopesoD.Yes,I’mafraidso6_____itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridge.A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will7---Wheredidyouseehimlastnight?---Itwasinthehotel____hestayed.A.whereB.thatC.whichD./8(09湖南卷)Everyeveningafterdinner,ifnotfromwork,Iwillspendsometimewalkingmydog.A.beingtiredB.tiringC.tiredD.tobetired9(09江西)Someofyoumayhavefinishedunitone._____,youcangoontounittwo.A.IfyoumayB.IfyoudoC.IfnotD.Ifso5 10------shallwehaveourpicnictomorrow?-----______itdoesn’train.A.UntilB.WhileC.OnceD.If11-----Haveyougotanyparticularplansforthecomingholiday?-----Yes,_______,I’mgoingtovisitsomehomesfortheoldinthecity.A.IfeverB.IfbusyC.IfanythingD.Ifpossible12（2008福建卷，30）–Whoshouldberesponsiblefortheaccident?–Theboss,nottheworkers.Theyjustcarriedouttheorder_____.A.astoldB.asaretoldC.astellingD.astheytold13（2003年上海卷，39）Generallyspeaking,accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.A．whentakingB．whentakenC．whentotakeD．whentobetaken14（2004湖北卷，29）Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut_______hesaidit.A.thewayB.inthewaythat　C.inthewayD.thewaywhich15（2004江苏卷,28）.--Youhaven"tlosttheticket,haveyou?--_________.Iknowit"snoteasytogetanotheroneatthemoment.A.IhopenotB.Yes,IhaveC.IhopesoD.Yes,I’mafraidso16（2005全国卷,21）--–CanIspeaktoMrWang,please?--________.A.Whoareyou?B.I’mWangC.SpeakingD.AreyouZhang17（2005重庆,27）__________,hetalksalotabouthisfavoritesingersafterclass.A.AquietstudentashemaybeB.QuietstudentashemaybeC.BeaquietstudentashemayD.Quietashemaybeastudent18（2005福建，33）When_______help,oneoftensays“Thankyou.”or“It’skindofyou”.A.offeringB.tooffer　C.tobeofferedD.offered19（2006年湖北，29）--Iwaswonderingifwecouldgoskiingontheweekend.--_______good.A.SoundB.SoundedC.SoundingD.Sounds20（2006年湖北，31）__________fired,yourhealthcareandotherbenefitswillnotbeimmediatelycutoff.A.WouldyoubeB.ShouldyoubeC.CouldyoubeD.Mightyoube21______asitis，itcanunderstandyou.　　AdogB.DogC.DogsD.Thedog5 22—WhatshouldIdowiththispassage?　　—______themainideaofeachparagraph.(2005重庆卷)　　A.FindingoutB.FoundoutC.FindoutD.Tofindout23“Whatmadehersohappy?”“______hersonpasseddrivingtest.”A.ThatB.不填C.SinceD.For24——Whatmadehersohappy?——_____________.APasstheexamBTopasstheexamCPassingtheexamDPassedtheexam25Borishasbrains.Infact，Idoubtwhetheranyoneintheclasshas______IQ.　　A.ahighB.ahigherC.thehigherD.thehighestKeys:DCABABACDDDABAACBDDBBCACB5