人教版(八年级英语语法知识点语法及练习题精选（可编辑） 45页

人教版(八年级英语语法知识点语法及练习题精选八年级英语语法知识点总析一．词语链接1translatev–translationn–translatorn人pronouncev–pronunciationnadvisev–adviceUnimprovev–improvementnbreathev–breathn2correctvadjright–wrong3repeatsayagain4writespellv–writingspellingn5basenv–basicadj6remember-forgetshy-outgoingshy-shyershier-shyestshieststart-enddeep-low反义词7startbeginopen同义词8forget–forgot-forgottenhear-heard-heardsend–sent-sent9other与else别的其它的else作形容词时通常放在疑问代词what或anythingsomethingnothingnobody等不定代词之后else作副词时通常放在疑问副词或anywhere等不定副词之后other作形容词通常放在被修饰的名词之前other还可作代词A1WhatelsedoyouwantIsthereanybodyelseintheroom 2WhenelsecanIcomeWouldyouliketogosomewhereelseBPleasecomesomeotherday请改日再来Doyouwantanyothercolours10each与everyeach指两者或多者强调个体情况既是代词又是形容词常作主语宾语同位语等every指三者或三者以上强调全体情况只是形容词只作定语与all近义例1Eachofthemhasabagwiththem主2Hegaveonetoeachofustwo宾3Eachboyhasaballintheirhands定4Theyeachhavefourwheels同5Everystudenthasgonetotheshop定语Allofthestudentshavegonetotheshop注意1each和every作定语时后面名词只用单数谓语动词用单数例35each作同位语时谓语和其前面的主语保持一致例42eachof后面接带the的复数名词或复数宾格代词谓语动词用单数3every基数词复数名词或every序数词单数名词表每隔---的意思advice不可数名词可用名量词短语修饰apieceofadvicesomepiecesofadvicegivesbsomeadvice给某人提建议asksbforsomeadvice向某人征求建议二．短语1match---with---_______2translate---into--- put---into---________3writedown___putdown如果接名词可放在后面或中间如果接代词只能放在中间writedownthesewordswritethesewordsdownwriteitthemdown4eachotheroneanother_____eachother两者之间oneanother多者之间LiLeiandIoftenhelpeachotherTheycomplaintooneanother5enjoyoneselfhaveagoodnicewonderfultime_______6allthetimealways___7borrowsthfromsb______–lendsthtosb________8penfriendpenpal________9gowith_______________10watchseeafilm__________11write---to---________12givesbsomeadviceonaboutdoingsth___________与askforsomeadviceonaboutdoingsth________13dosomeconcerts______14helpsbwithsthhelpsbtodosth________15makeamistake_______16sendsbsthsendsthtosb________17enjoydoingsth_________enjoyoneselfdoingsth__________18talkaboutsbsthwithsb____________19speaktosb_______20takeadeepbreath_________ 21haveaconversationwithsb_________22practisedoingsth________23showtakesbaroundsomeplace__________24begoodbadfor_______begoodtosb______begoodat---_________25sayhelloto---__________26theEnglishnamefor--______27begoodat与dowellinbegoodat擅长表示长久性的爱好不能用于表具体的一次性的行为常用一般时dowellin在某方面做得好可用于表长久性也可用于一次性的行为可用各种时态例HeisgoodatsingingHedoeswellinsingingHedidverywellinthesportsmeetinglastyear28thenumberof---------的数量谓语用单数形式anumberof---许多的------修饰可数名词复数谓语用复数形式例Thenumberofthestudentsinourclassis52Anumberofstudentsareplantingtrees29intheorder_________30forexample与suchas_______31learn---from---_________32ontheInternetradio________33ingroups______34makeastudyplanfor---______35thinkabout_______36onthephone_______37advisesbnottodosth_________ 38looksthupinthedictionary___________39invitesbtosomeplace_____________invitesbtoanactivity______invitesbtodosth______40leavesthsomeplace___※forget与leave忘记某物或忘记某事用forget后可接名词代词不定式或动名词作宾语例IforgotmyEnglishbookandmymotherforgottoremind提醒methen把某物忘在某处用leave常以leavesthsomeplace形式出现例IleavemyEnglishbookinthereadingroom三．重点句式1建议句式1Wouldyouliketogototheparkwithus用动词时用不定式todo2Wouldyoupleaseopenthedoorforme用动词时用动词原形3Couldyougivemeahandplease用动词时用动词原形4Shallwegototheparktogether用动词时用动词原形5WhydontyouwriteitdownWhynotwriteitdown用动词时用动词原形6HowWhataboutgoingswimming用动词时用动名词doing 7IhopeIcanfinishtheworkinanhour用动词时用动词原形8Letsplayfootballontheplaygroundshallwe用动词时用动词原形9Youdbetternotgotothemountaintoday用动词时用动词原形10Itsbettertowearwarmclotheswhenyougoout用动词时用不定式todo11Itsagoodideatocheckyournotebookeveryday用动词时用不定式todo12YoushouldalwaysspeakEnglishinclass用动词时用动词原形13Trynottotranslateeveryword用动词不定式nottodo2welcomesbto欢迎某人到welcomesbbackto欢迎某人回到例WelcomeyoutoChinamyschoolmyhomeWelcomeyoubacktoChinaschoolWelcomebackhomeherehomehereadv副词前不用介词3Itsagoodideatodosth做某事是个好主意ThatsagoodideaGoodidea好主意Itsdifficulttoremembernewwords动词不定式做真正的主语 4Trynottotranslateeveryword动词不定式做try的宾语trytodosthdoonesbesttodosth尽力做某事trynottodosth尽量不做某事例1Trytoworkoutthisproblem2WeshouldtrytostudyEnglishwell3Weshouldtrynottosleepinclass5SbtaketimetodosthIttakessb代词用宾格timetodosth某人花费时间做某事后者中it做形式主语不定式做真正主语例HetakeshalfanhourtodohishomeworkeveryeveningIttakeshimhalfanhourtodohishomeworkeveryevening6advisesbnottodosth建议某人做某事例Sheadvisedusnottolookupeverynewwordsinthedictionarywhiledoingreadings7ThebestwaytolearnEnglishisspeakingitasoftenaspossible不定式做定语8DoyoufinditeasytohaveaconversationinEnglishit形式宾语不定式真正宾语9Whatmakesyoushy形容词做宾语补足语10ItssometimeshardtounderstandAmericanandBritishaccents 不定式做真正主语11Tellhimhowtobeagoodstudent疑问词动词不定式做宾语12Ileftmyhomeworkathomeleavesthsomeplace把某物忘在某处用leave13RemembertospeakEnglishallthetime不定式形式做remember的宾语14Thisisagreatgoodwaytodosth不定式作定语Thisisagreatwaytosolvetheproblem15Numberthepicturesintheorderyouhearthem定语从句四．语法点滴基础时态的复习P168页模块释疑P160页五．常识如何学好英语Module2Experiences一．词语链接1experiencen＆v–experiencedadj2competev-competitionn–competitorn人3wondern-wonderfuladj4musicn–musiciann人5Italyn–Italianadj6westn–westernadj7sitv–seatn8besidenextto9brilliantexcellent10problem 需解决的问题workon-solveworkout和question需回答的问题-askanswer11buy–sell12entertainv–entertainmentn13sell–sold–solddream–dreameddreamt-dreameddreamt14namesayoutreckonthinkof※修饰mark用high活low15experience经验不可数经历可数ThisisamathsteacherwithrichexperienceinteachingCouldyoutellmeyourexperiencesinAfrica二．短语1takeoffa________-putonb_______-landinonattakeofffrom---_______TheplanetakesofffromHongKongandlandsinNewYork2cometrue______3begostayabroad______4morethanover______5sellout_____6roastduck_____7sendsbsthsendsthtosb_____8travelaroundtheworld_____alloverChina________9onedaysomeday_______10enteracompetition________11dreamaboutof__________12takephotosof---________13Guesswhat___________14avisittosomeplace_______15invitesbtodosth_______invitesbtosptheactivity __________16sendsbsthsendsthtosb_________17thepriceof________18intodaysnewspaper________19akindof_____allkindsof______differentkindsof__20giveaconcert______gotoaconcert______21attheendof---______22referto___※22trydoingsth_______与trytodosth____________doonesbesttodosthThelittleboytriedtodrawanicehorse努力去做争取使某事成功Thelittleboytrieddrawingahorse初次尝试去做某事不带有目的性三．重点句式1ItsoundsbrilliantHervoicesoundsverysweet系表结构2WeiMinghasbeenalloverChinabyplane3Thereisalottoseeanddothere不定式作定语4IveneverbeentoShanghaiHaveyoueverbeenabroadhavebeento去过某地5Pizzahasalwaysbeenmyfavouritefoodhavebeen表语表状态的延续ButIdontlikesandwichesoricecream6Hehasntevertriedskiing 7Whatdoyoureckonthink–willitraintoday认为觉得IthinkhellcomebacksoonIreckonhellcomebacksoon8SallyhasinvitedmetostaywithherinEnglandoneday9Whatkindofprizesarethereforthesecompetition10WhatsthepriceofaplanetickettotheUSA涉及price的提问使用what11Whatsthescoreofthematch涉及score的提问使用what说明涉及pricemarkscorepopulationtemperature等提问时使用what作为疑问词四．语法点滴1现在完成时参考P168-169页havegonetohavebeentohavebeento去过某地但已经回来人不在某地havegoneto去某地了说话时某人在去某地的途中或已到某地句中常用everneveronce一次twice两次threetimes三次等时间状语时用havebeento例ThegirlshavegonetotheshopsTheyareonthewaytotheshopsorarriveattheshopsThegirlshavebeentotheshopsTheywenttotheshopsandtheycamebackorwenttootherplaces2主语谓语表语SVP谓语为连系动词Linkv例AHewasilllastweek形BKeepquietplease形 CIfeelverywelltoday形DThemooncaketasteslikethepie介短ELiLeibecameasoldier名FThefoodhasgonebad形GThebreadfeelshard形HLiLeifellilllastMonday形IInspringtheweathergetswarmandthetreesturngreen形注意常见连系动词1bekeepstay保持remain保持cometrue等2感官动词feel感觉摸上去lookseemsmelltastesound等注意主语和感官动词常呈被动关系3表变化的动词becometurngetgrowgofallillasleep等五．常识旅游经历Module3Journeytospace一．词语链接1severalafew2discoverv–discoveryn3recentadj–recentlyadv4overmorethan5alonebyoneself6extrance–exitmanned-unmanned反义7preferlikebetter8secretn–secretaryn人9explorev–explorern人–explorationn事10missiontask11busyadj–businessn12returncomebackgivebackreturn后面不能再加backreturntofrom 12discover与inventdiscover发现其对象是一直存在的以往未被人们认识或发现invent发明其对象是以前没有的东西而且往往是物质性的东西例ColumbusdiscoveredAmericaThomasEdisoninventedmanyusefulthings13alsotoo与eitheralso比too更正式只能用在肯定句中一般紧紧靠近动词多在动词之前或be动词助动词及情态动词之后too一般放在句末或作为插入语放在句中只能用在肯定句中口语常与also通用either用于否定句放在句末例MyfatherisateachermymotherisalsoateacherMyfatherisateachermymotherisateachertooMyfatherdoesntgotoworktodaymymotherdoesnteither14nonenobody与noone的用法none即可指代人也可指代事物表示没有一个人东西强调数量作主宾语等后面可跟of短语作主语时如其指代的是复数名词谓语用单复数都行强调整体时谓语常用复数强调个体时则常用单数如其指代的是不可数名词谓语用单数形式常用来回答howmany或howmuch以及特定范围的问题例1-Howmanyofthewomenarenurses–Noneofthemisare主语 2-Howmuchwaterisleftinthebottle–Noneofitis主语3-Whichoftheboysplaysfootballwell–Noneofthemdoes主语4Arethereanystudentsintheclassroom-None主语5Iunderstoodnoneofthequestions宾语6Noneofuslikelikesit主语nobody和noone都指代人表示没有人强调人做主语时谓语用单数后面不跟of短语常回答who和不确定的问题在句中做主语或宾语例1Luckilynobodynoonewashurtinthisaccident主语2-Whowenttothezoolastweek–NobodyNoonedid主语3Icanseenobodyintheroom宾语15alone与lonelyalone用作形容词表单独的byoneself一个人或物说明客观情况只作表语lonely用作形容词表孤独寂寞的内心感受说明主观情况作表语或定语例IwasaloneathomebutIdontfeellonelyalone还可用作副词表示独自地一个人或物byoneself例Thelonelyboyhadtowalktherealonealone作形容词还可意为仅仅只有必须放在所被修饰的名词代词后面例YoucantliveonmeataloneYoucantonlyliveonmeat16real与truereal指实际与其外貌或传说相符客观状况true 则指与实际或真实情况相符而非虚假的抽象内涵在表示某事是真实的时候往往可以通用例IsthisrealleatherorplasticThatisatruefriendshipstoryTellmethetruerealreasonforyourabsencereally与trulyreally常用于表说话的语气或程度客观状况truly常用于表态度抽象内涵例ItsreallyniceofyoutosaysoImtrulysorryfordoingthat17arriveget与reacharrivevi不及物动词表示到某地时名词后面接介词in大地方或at小地方getvi不及物动词表示到某地时名词后面接介词to※但地方如为homeherethere副词时上述两个动词都不用介词例1HehasarrivedinBeijingTheyarrivedatthesmallvillagelastnightTomhasarrivedhere2IgottoBeijingtwodaysagoHashegothomereachvt及物动词后面直接接地点名词vi不及物动词后面直接接homeherethere等地点副词例TheyhavereachedBeijingLiLeireachedhomelatelastnight注意单独使用时常用arrive而不用其他两个词 例TheyhadleftwhenIarrived18payspendcost与take①Sbpaysbmoneyforsth某人为------付款LiLeipaidmefiveyuanfortheknifeIhavepaidfortheticketspay宾语常为金钱或表代价的词可带双宾语②Sbspendtimemoneyindoingsth某人花费时间或金钱做某事Sbspendtimemoneyonsth某人在某事物上花费时间或金钱IspendhalfanhourindoingmyhomeworkeveryeveningHespent20yuanonthedictionary③Sthcostsbmoney某物花费某人金钱或代价cost后面可带双宾语Thedictionarycosthim20yuanHepaid20yuanforthedictionaryHespent20yuanonthedictionaryThedictionarycosts20yuan问句Howmuchdoesthedictionarycost④Ittakesbsometimetodosth做某事花费某人时间或精力不定式真正主语take后面可带双宾语IthastakenhimtwomonthstogetthereHehasspenttwomonthsingettingthereHowlongdoesittaketoreachBeijingSbtakesometimetodosth某人花费时间精力做某事HetookanhourtofinishtheworkIttookhimanhourtofinishthework HespentanhourinfinishingtheworkHespentanhouronthework说明payspend常以人作主语cost常以物作主语take常以事情不定式做真正主语后置it做形式主语19prefer的用法①prefertododoingsthIprefertoswimswimmingintheriver不定式表具体性动名词表习惯性②preferdoingsthtodoingsthlike---betterthan---喜欢做前者而不喜欢做后者HeprefersthisbooktothatoneHeprefersskatingtodancing③prefertodosthratherthandosthpreferdoingsthtodoingsth宁愿做---而不做---IprefertolearnEnglishratherthanplaythepianoonSundayIpreferlearningEnglishtoplayingthepianoonSunday20beyond用法①prep表位置在------的那边远于Hecamefrombeyondthesea海外表时间迟于------Hecameherebeyondnineoclock表范围限度超出Somespacecrafthavegonebeyondthesolarsystem常用于问否句除------以外Icanttellyouanythingbeyond whatyouknow②adv在或向远处Lookbeyondyoullgetagoodviewfromhere二．短语1onthespacestation________2spaceshuttle__________3thesolarsystem_________4beonthenews_______5onbusiness______6millionsof_____7gotravelaround____8morethanover______9theMilkyWay_______10inthesky_____inspace_______intheuniverse______11sofar______12finishdoingsth______13keepsthsecret__________14oneday_______15allthetime_________fromtimetotime_________16usesthtodo________usesthfordoingsth_________17name---after---________benamedafter_______18sendsbsthsendsthtosb_____19showsbsthshowsthtosb________20wouldliketodosth________21receivegetsthfromsb______22inthelast---years__________23asksbtodosth________asksbforsth_________24trytodosth______25bepartof_____26mostof_____27avisit tosomeplace______28somany_______与somuch________toomany_______与toomuch_____many后接可数复数名词much后接不可数名词29toomuch与muchtootoomuch太多的---修饰不可数名词表数量可省略后面的不可数名词muchtoo简直太---修饰形容词或副词表程度后面所被修饰的词不能省略Heeatstoomuchfoodsoheismuchtoofat三．重点句式1whatareyouuptoWhatareyoudoing2WhatdoyouthinkofitHowdoyoulikeit你觉得------怎么样3IthastakenseveralmonthstogetthereHowlongdoesittaketoreachBeijing4ButastronautshavealreadybeentothemoonNoonehasbeenthererecently5IheartheyhavegonetoShanghaionbusinessSomespacecraftshavegonebeyondthesolarsystem6Idliketoshowittothem7Noneofthemhavehasanenvironmentwithairsopeople---Noonehasdiscoveredanylifeinspaceyet8Itishardtounderstandhowlargetheuniverseis9SofarUntilnowUptonowtheresonlylifeonEarth 10Ihaventreadanythingasgoodasthatforalongtime11ItssogoodthatIveaskedthelibrarytokeepthenextbookforme12Europeanlanguagesusethenamesoftheplanetsforthedaysoftheweek13SaturdayisnamedaftertheplanetSaturn14Mondaygetsitsnamefromthemoon15WithsomanystarsintheuniverseArewealoneoristherelifeoutthereinspacewith短语表伴随16ScientiststhinkthattherehasbeenlifeonEarthformillionsofyearstherebe完成时17TheSunanditsplanetsarecalledthesolarsystem被动语态18Howmuchhaveyougrowninthelastthreeyears19Ivealreadyaskedthelibrarytokeepthenextbookforme20IhaventmetanyonefamousinmylifebutIhopeonedayIllmeetarealastronaut21IvewrittentoNASAtoaskthemformoreinformationaboutastronautsandspace22Somespacecrafthavegonebeyondthesolarsystem四．语法点滴现在完成时参考课本P169-170页1现在完成时常与表时间的alreadyyetjustbeforerecentlyso far等和表频率或次数的everneveroncetwiceseveraltimes等连用yetbeforetwice及短语常用于句尾recentlysofar用于句首或句尾alreadyjustevernever等副词常用于句中2．havegoneto与havebeento的区别参考课本P23页五．常识旅游与天文知识Module4Education一．词语链接1health–healthy–healthilyluck-lucky-luckilycare–careful-carefullyn-adj-adv2illadj-illnessn3describe–descriptionpay–paymenttrain-trainingorganizeorganise–organizationorganisationv-n4electricityn-electricaladj5poor–richsame-differentfair-unfairimportant-unimportant反义importantadj-importancen6study与learnlearn常指学习基础知识或技能当表示学习某人的品质或精神时只能用learnstudy常指进行书本或某一系统内容的学习与研究在问学习还是工作时只能用study Ifinditdifficulttolearntoplaythepianolearn后面可接不定式作宾语Whatsubjetareyoustudyingstudy后面不能接不定式7nearly与almost两者一般情况下可以互换使用almost可用于表示否定意义的不定代词nonoonenonenothing等之前Almostnoonepassedtheexamnearly不可用于表示否定意义的不定代词之前Nearlyeveryonetakespartintheactivityalmost不能与not连用但可与nononenobodynothingnever等否定词连用Sheatealmostnothing为了避免意思含糊不清或者不合乎逻辑almost常紧跟在它所修饰的词前修饰动词时一般置于主要动词之前但要放在系动词或助动词之后不能置于句末nearly和almost的区别1almost和nearly既有相同处也有不同点在单纯表示"时间程度进度"时almostnearly例ThebuildingisalmostcompletedThebuildingisnearlycompleted　第一句比第二句更接近于完成2在具体数字前面常用nearly例Theriverisnearly100metreswideTheoldmanisnearly80yearsold3almost可与nonothingnonenever等连用此时不能用nearly代替例AlmostnoonebelievedhimTheresalmostnoneleft Whathesaidwasalmostnothingworthlisteningto4almost不可被not修饰如不说notalmost或almostnot表示几乎不可以用hardlyHecouldhardlyspeakEnglish8drop与falldropvt＆–taught-taughtpay–paid-paiddrop-dropped-droppeddropping二．短语1thesameas________–bedifferentfrom_________2thepoor_____–therich______the形容词表一类人视为复数3headteacher_______4getonalongwellwith---___________getonalongbadlywith---___________5hearabouthearof_______hearfromsbreceivegetaletterfromsb________6takeanactivepartin_______7dropoutofschool______8takecare_____单用lookafter--welltakegoodcareof________9pointatto______10raisemoneyfor---______11arrivein大与arriveat小______12ProjectHope_______13alloverChinatheworld_______aroundtheworld_______14getaneducation______15withoneshelpwiththehelpof---否定义用without________16athomeinChinaorabroad_______17payforsth_______ 18because接句子与becauseof接名词或动名词19thousandsof________20finishdoingsth________21stopdoingsth______与stoptodosth______22goabroad_____23learntodosth________24helpsbwithsth______25payafairpricefor---______26usesthtodosth________usesthfordoingsth27haveaconcert_____28infact___29findsthdifficultindoingsth_______30hopeforsth_____31wantsbnottodo___32havelivea---life________33raisemoney______givemoney______34what---for____35teachsbnottodosth___________36benearto_________-befarfrom___________37healthcare_______38workforsbsth________39jointakepartin与attendjoin党派团队组织人群成为其中的一员becomeamemberpartof---例jointhePartytheLeaguethearmyjoinsbinsth加入某个群体进行某活动例Hewilljoinusinthisfootballmatchtakepartin活动takepart后不带宾语时不加intakeanactivepartin--积极例Willyoutakepartinthesportsmeeting attend会议典礼婚礼听课听报告上学等例HeattendedanimportantmeetinglastnightChildrenmustattendschoolbetween5and16三．重点句式1WhendoesSallyarriveinBeijing2Itseasiertolearnaforeignlanguagewhenyouvisitthecountry不定式作真正主语Itsimportantforhimtoworkontheirfarm不定式复合结构作真正主语---butforpoorchildrenitsdifficulttogotoschool3Thatsoundsinteresting系表结构Tellmemore4WhatdoyoufinddifficultinlearningEnglish5Aisaneight-year-oldboyaboyof8yearsoldfroma---复合形容词名词用单数式6Hisparentswanthimtodropoutofschool不定式作宾语补足语7Hestoppedgoingtoschoolafewyearsago停止做某事8Hisparentshavebeenillandhehastolookafterthem9NowtheycangotoschoolwiththehelpofProjectHope10Inthelast15yearsthisprojecthasraisedmoneyandpaidfortheeducationof--- 11WiththemoneyProjectHopehasbuiltmanyschoolsandlibraries表方式12Aboywenttoaschoolwithnoelectricityandonlyafewbookswithoutany--表特征13BecauseofProjectHopethousandsofchildrenhavebetterlives14WhathasProjectHoperaisedmoneyforwhat---forwhy15Whereisthenearestcountrysidetoyourschool16HowlonghaveBettyandTonybeenatBeijingInternationalSchool17Shehaslivednextdoortome18ProjectHopeisalsothenameofaworldorganizationthatworkstoimprovehealthcareintheworld定语从句Oxfamisanorganizationwhichraisesmoneyfordifferentprojects19Ithasshopsandsellsfruitandcoffeegrownbypoorfarmers过去分词短语作后置定语表被动意义20Oxfamsellsthemandusesthemoneytopayforitsprojects不定式作目的状语四．语法点滴1现在完成时表延续意义-Howlonghaveyouknownher-Iveknownherfortwoyearsfor长达接表时段的词语 -Howlonghaveyoulivedhere-Ivelivedheresince2004since自从----以来接时间起点2andor与but的用法参考P29页3数字含小数读法参考P32页4笔记P162页语法P170-171页五．常识希望工程与慈善行为●语法总结现在完成时ThePresentPerfectTense一．构成形式助动词havehasdone过去分词二．基本用法A表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在构成的影响或结果重点说明的是现在的情况常与表时间的justalreadyyetbeforerecentlylately近来sofar等和表频率或次数的everneveroncetwiceseveraltimes等连用例Shehasjustfinishedherhomework她刚刚完成作业说明家庭作业的完成发生在过去但重点说的是现在没有作业了这一状况ThisismyfirsttimeIvevisitedBeijing这是我第一次参观北京说明参观北京是刚刚完成的事情人还停留在北京B表示过去已经开始持续到现在的动作或状态可与表从过去延续至现在的一段时间的状语连用如thesedayssofaruptonowthepresentuptillnow untiltillnoweversince------induringthepastlastfewyearseversince过去时间点for一段时间例1Ihavestayedherethesedays2Howmanybookshaveyoureadsofar3Hasheplantedmorethan50treesduringthepastfewweeks4WeveknowneachothersincetenyearsagoItstenyearssincewegottoknoweachother5Shehasntcomeherefornearlytenyears6Inthepastfewyearstherehavebeengreatchangesinourhometown说明since后面可以跟表示过去时间的词短语或句子而for后面跟表示从过去某一时间至现在的一段时间例IhaveworkedinthisschoolsinceIcamein2003时间点Ihaveworkedinthisschoolforaboutfouryears时间段注意当与表示从过去某时延续至现在的一段时间的状语连用时句中谓语动词应用延续性动词或havehasbeen相应的形容词副词名词介词短语即系表结构表状态的延续性等形式例1Iboughtthisnovelthreedaysago非延续性Ihavehadthisnovelsincethreedaysagoforthreedays延续性2Thecatdiedtwoweeksago非延续性Thecathasbeendeadsincetwoweeksagofortwoweeks延续性 3Heleftherehalfanhourago非延续性Hehasbeenawayfromheresincehalfanhouragoforhalfanhour延续性4WejoinedtheLeaguein2000非延续性WehavebeenLeagueMembersintheLeaguesince2000forsevenyears延续性5LinTaojoinedthearmytwomonthsago非延续性LinTaohasbeenasoldiersincetwomonthsagofortwomonths延续性常用的非延续性动词与一段时间连用时的延续性表达转换方式非延续性动词延续性非延续性动词延续性buyHaveWakebeawakeborrowKeepfallasleepgettosleepsleepbeasleepmovetoliveinDiebedeadgetback取回havebackreturncomegogetbackbebackcatchacoldhavecoldEndbeovergettoknowKnowstartbeginbeonputonWearLeavebeawayfromhearfrom--getaletterfromhavealetterfromturnonoffsthgooffsthbeonoffcloseBeclosedcomegotobeinonatopenBeopenreachgettoarriveinatbeinonatgetupBeupjoinbecomeetcbeamemberof---a---member成员be inwith---组织团队注意非延续性动词在否定结构中可用于含一段时间的现在完成时例Ihaventborrowedanybooksforaweek不用keephavegoneto表示已经去某地了强调此刻不在谈话地点不表延续性例1HehasgonetothebookstoreHewillcomebackinanhour2Havetheyjustgonetherehavebeento表曾经去过某地强调经历往往此刻已经不在该地了不表延续性例1HasheeverbeentoShanghaibefore2IhavebeentheretwicesofarIhaveneverbeenabroadbeforehavebeeninonat表示在某地呆了多久了表延续意义可与一段时间连用表延续性例1HowlonghaveyoubeeninChina2Hehasbeenonthefarmsincelastyear3Theyhavebeenherefortwoweeks注意因为英语中homeherethere等都是副词上述三个结构中都不用介词注意1现在完成时句型变化体现在助动词havehas的表达形式和位置上2动词的过去分词有规则变化同于过去式和不规则变化参考课后表一般过去时与现在完成时的区别一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态和现在不发生联系可以与表过去的时间状语连用而现在完成时表示过去的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果强调的是现在的情况不能与表过去的时间状语连用例Isawthefilmlastweek只说明lastweek的情况不涉及现在的情况 Ihaveseenthefilm动作发生在过去但说明的是现在对电影有所了解这一情况1现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作但现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系如对现在产生的结果影响等而一般过去时则表示动作发生在过去一般不表示和现在的关系例-Haveyouhadyourlunch-YesIhave-Whendidyouhaveit-Ihaditabouthalfanhourago2一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用而现在完成时常与表过去的模糊的时间状语如before等模糊的时间状语连用或无时间状语一般过去时yesterdaylastweek---agoin1980inOctoberjustnow等具体的时间状语现在完成时alwayseverneversometimesjustalreadyyetrecentlylatelybeforesofartilluntil---uptonowinthepastyears等不确定的时间状语二者共同状语thismorningtonightthismonthnowoncebeforealreadyrecentlylately等3现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态动词一般是延续性的如livehavekeepteachknowbeaway等一般过去时常用非延续性动词如comegoleaveborrowdiefinishstart等注意1现在完成时句型变化体现在助动词havehas的表达形式和位置上2动词的过去分词有规则变化同于过去式和不规则变化参考课后表 不规则动词的过去式过去分词不规则动词原形过去式过去分词ABCbewaswerebeenABBsellsoldsolddodiddonetelltoldtoldgowentgonesitsatsatseesawseendigdugdugringrangrungfindfoundfoundbeginbeganbegunhavehashadhadswimswamswumholdheldhelddrinkdrankdrunkstandstoodstoodsingsangSungunderstandunderstoodunderstoodchoosechosechosenleaveleftleftfreezefrozefrozenloselostlostbreakbrokebrokenwinwonwonspeakspokespokenshootshotshotstealstolestolenstickstuck stuckknowknewknownlightlitlitgrowgrewgrowngetgotgotblowblewblownforgetforgotforgotforgottenshowshowedshownAAAcostcostcostflyflewflowncutcutcutdrawdrewdrawnhithithitdrivedrovedrivenhurthurthurteatateEatenbetbetbetfallfellfallenletletletwritewrotewrittenputputputrewriterewroterewrittensetsetsetrideroderiddenshedshedshedbitebitbittenshutshutshuthidehidHiddenhidreadreadreadgivegaveGivenshakeshookshakenAABbeatbeatbeatbeatentaketookTakenABAcomecamecomemistakemistookmistakenbecomebecamebecomeriseroseRisenrunranrunwearworeWorn情 态动词cancouldXABBfightfoughtfoughtmaymightXthinkthoughtthoughtbringbroughtbroughtshallshouldXbuyboughtboughtwillwouldXcatchcaughtcaughtmustmustXteachtaughttaught特殊情况learnlearnedlearntlearnedlearntbuildbuiltBuiltsmellsmelledsmeltsmelledsmeltlendlentLentshineshinedshoneshinedshonesendsentSentwakewakedwokewakedwokewokenspendspentSpentsinksanksunksunksunkensweepsweptsweptspellspelledspeltspelledspeltkeepkeptKeptspillspilledspiltspilledspiltleadled LedspitspitspatspitspatsleepsleptSleptdreamdreameddreamtdreameddreamtfeelfeltFeltburnburnedburntburnedburntfeedfedFedhanghung悬挂hung悬挂meetmetMethanged绞死hanged绞死hearheardHeardlielay躺lain躺meanmeantmeantlied说谎lied说谎spoilspoiledspoiltspoiledspoilttravelpreferrefertraveledtravelledpreferredreferredtraveledtravelledpreferredreferredlaylaidLaidpaypaidPaidsaysaidSaidModule5Westernmusic一．词语链接1classical–modernbeautiful-uglylively-serioussad–happyslow–fastquicknoisy-quietloud-lowpart-time–full-time反义词2beauty-beautiful–beautifully tradiction–tradictional-traditionallynoise–noisy–noisilydrama-dramatic-drama-ticallyn-adj-adv3fun–funnycentre–centralEurope-EuropeanAustria-Austriann-adj4liven–livelyadj5serious–seriouslyslow–slowlysure-surlyloud-loudlyadj-adv6compose-composerv-n7German–Germans复-Germany国家8diev–deadadj–deathn9actuallyinfact10older与elderold-older-oldest常用来表物品新旧程度或人的长幼比较可作定语或表语Themanlooksmucholderthanheusedtobe表语Theoldestpersoniswalkingslowlytothepark定语Theolderofthetwomenismyeldestbrother用于of结构起名词作用old–elder-eldest常用来表有血缘关系的同宗血亲的长幼关系常用作定语一般不用于than引导的比较状语从句中Myeldestbrotherworksasanengineerinthefactory我大哥在工厂当工程师Whichistheelderofthetwosisters 用于of结构起名词作用11typekind与sort三者有时可以互换使用type表示较具体的分类表示物品有较明确的相似性语气比kindsort肯定而正式表示典型样式标本等时只用typekindsort表较抽象笼统模糊不确定的分类IvemetwithallkindsofpeopleandallkindsofthingsWhatkindtypeofmanisheWhattypeofplantisthisTheyhavedevelopedanewtypeofmachineHammer锤子isasortoftool工具12own的用法①ownadj自己的常用于名词所有格或形容词性物主代词后面起强调作用ThisishisfathersownbikeItsmyownEnglishbookofonesown属于某人自己的Heshowedusaphotoofhisown可单用于句尾ononesownbyoneselfalone独自靠某人自己Canyoufinishtheworkonyourown②ownv拥有haveIownanewbikeThenewbikebelongtomeIhavegotanewbike13aloudloud和loudlyaloudloud二者作为副词都有大声地响亮的意思有时可以通用但aloud与readthink连用时表示出声而loud用于talkspeakshoutlaugh等动词之后在口语中代替loudly aloud强调发出的声音能被听见意思为出声地或大声地常用readcall等动词连用例Pleasereadthetextaloud请朗读一下课文loud意为响亮地大声或高声地侧重发出的音量大传得远一般多用来修饰speaktalklaugh等动词loud还可用作形容词例Speaklouderpleaseornoonewillhearyou请大声些否则没人能听见loudly意为响亮地其基本意义与loud相同还常与ringknock等动词连用loudly放在动词前后均可含有喧闹或嘈杂的意味例Suddenlythebellonthewallrangloudly突然墙上的铃大声地响起来aloudloudly只能用作副词loud既可作副词也可用作形容词当副词用时loudly与loud一样用来说明声音的强度意思是"高声地喧噪地"只是在动词后面loud比loudly更常用些他们的反义是quietly例Donttalksoloudloudlyyoullwakethewholestreet别那么大声说话你快把左邻右舍吵醒了Someoneknockedloudlyloudatthedoor有人在大声敲门注而aloud往往与动词read和think连用表示真的把话说出而不是在脑子里默默地"说"Shehasaverygoodpronunciationwhenshereadsaloud她朗读时发音很好hearof与hearabouthearof只指听说到的某个对象某人或某事IhaveheardofthisstrangemanbutIdontknowanythingabouthimhearabout指听说并了解对象的相应细节内容IhaveheardalotaboutthisstrangemanandIameagertovisithim④aswellaswellas与notonly---butalso--- aswell同样也tooHecandancehecanplaythepianoaswellaswellas既------又------不仅------而且------强调前者ImlearningFrenchaswellasEnglish我学英语之外还学法语强调前者Frenchnotonly---butalso---不仅------而且------强调后者ImlearningnotonlyEnglishbutalsoFrench我学英语而且学法语强调后者FrenchImlearningEnglishandImalsolearningFrenchImlearningFrenchtooImlearningbothEnglishandFrenchnotonly---butalso---用来连接两个并列成分当连接名词或代词做主语时谓语应与最近的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致即就近规则1Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherlikesfootball主语注意Boththestudentsandtheteacherslikefootball谓语用复数形式2LucycannotonlysingEnglishsongsbutalsodancetopopmusic谓语3Thelittlegirlisnotonlylovelybutalsofriendly表语4IlikenotonlyEnglishbutalsophysics 宾语5HereadsEnglishnotonlyinschoolbutalsoathome状语6Whathesaidmakesmenotonlyshybutalsoalittleangry宾补aswellas还有连接名代词作并列主语时谓语须和第一个名代词的人称和数一致Thisworkeraswellasthemanagerisworkingduringtheholiday⑤inadditionto除------之外besides还有------WhatdidMozartwriteinadditiontooperas三．重点句式1-Whositwrittenby-ItsbyStrauss2Imnotsure3Youveheardofhimhaventyou–YesIhaveNoIhavent是的不4Sallydoesntlikepopmusicdoesshe–YesshedoesNoshedoesnt不是的5-Whatisitcalled-ItiscalledTheBlueDanube被动语态TheorchestraisledbyaconductorThereweretwocomposerscalledJohannStraussafatherandason过去分词短语做后置定语6Giveusabreak7Whatonearthisthat 8Popmusicislivelyandgoodtodanceto不定式作定语9ThemostfamousfamilyofmusicianswastheStraussfamily10HiswaltzesmadehimfamousalloverEurope形容词作宾语补足语11JohannStrausstheyoungerwasevenmoresuccessfulandpopularthanhisfather12Mozartplayednotonlythepianobutalsotheviolinandtheorgan13WhatdidMozartwriteinadditiontooperas14Healsolikedtogotohisneighbourhoodchurchandlistenedtothemusicbytheblacksingersandmusicianscalledgospel过去分词短语作悬垂定语修饰music15WhenElviswas16hisfatherboughthimaguitarforhisbirthday双宾语16Becausehisfatherhadverylittlemoneytheguitarhadnostringsno名词notany--17Elvisgotapart-timejobasamilkmanandboughtonestringamonth18HemadeasongforhismotheronherbirthdayHemadehismotherasongonher---19ElvisgothisownTVshowanditwasverypopular20Aroundtheworldhehassoldoveronebillionrecordsmorethananyotherartist比较级anyother单数名词最高级意义即themost 21Whatdoesshethinkcanhelppeopleunderstandmusicofanykind22Theconductormadesurethateverybodyplaystogetherandshowstheorchestrawhentoplayquietlyorloudlyandwhenthemusiciansshouldstopandstartplaying四．语法点滴①反意疑问句及其答法理解P172页反意疑问句DisjunctiveTagQuestions又称附加疑问句他提出情况或看法问对方是否同意反意疑问句由陈述句简略一般问句构成它的结构通常有两种1否定陈述肯定疑问2肯定陈述否定疑问注意1后面简短问句由be动词情态动词助动词not主语构成be动词或助动词应和前句保持一致即反义疑问句的谓语动词在时态和人称或数方面要与前面陈述句的谓语动词保持一致简短问句中的主语一般要用相应的代词例-Maryisanurseisntshe–YessheisNosheisnt-Theydidntcomelastweekdidthey–YestheydidNotheydidnt2当陈述句是否定意义句子时答语中Yes译成不而No译成是的3当陈述句中出现nonoonenobodynothingnoneneitherfewlittleneverhardlyseldom很少等表否定意的词时后面疑问句部分应用肯定形式例1ShecanhardlyspeakEnglishcanshe2Fewpeopleknowitdothey3Shesneverreadthisbookhasshe4Neitheroftheanswersisrightisit 5NoneofthemwantedtotraveltoFrancedidthey注意反义疑问句的陈述部分含有由un-im-in-dis-等否定意义的前缀构成的词语时陈述部分要视为肯定含义问句部分用否定形式例1Yourfatherisunhappyisnthe2Themanisdishonestisnthe3ItisimpossibletolearnEnglishwithoutrememberingmorewordsisntit4如果陈述句主语是everybodyeveryonenone等时相应的代词是they也可以用he人如果主语是everyanynothing事物等时相应的代词是it例1Everybodyisherearenttheyisnthe2Nothingisdifficultintheworldisit5Lets开头的祈使句us包括听话人在内表建议疑问部分用shallwe而Letusus不包括听话人在内表征求许可开头时疑问部分用willyou例1Letsbefriendsshallwe2Letustryitagainwillyou除let开头的祈使句其他肯定的祈使句的反意问句用willyou更客气或wontyou否定的祈使句只能用willyou例1Pleasesayitagainwillyouwontyou2-Dontbelatenexttimewillyou–OKMrLiIwont 6在以Idontthinkbelievesupposeexpectguessimagine等开头的复合句的反意疑问句中简短问句中的主语和谓语要和从句的主语和谓语保持一致其他句型视主句的主语和谓语而定例1Ibelievethatheisrightisnthe2Idontthinkhehaslunchathomedoeshe3ShethinksthattheyhavegonetoBeijingdoesntshe7therebe开头的反意疑问句简短问句用benotthere形式例Thereisnothingintheboxisthere8hadbetterV句式反意疑问句简短问句用hadnt主语形式例Theyhadbetterleavenowhadntthey9usedtoV句式的反意疑问句简短问句用didnt主语usednt主语形式例LiLeiusedtosmokealotdidntheusednthe10mustV必须句式的反意疑问句简短问句用neednt主语形式例HemustleavehereatonceneednthemustV一定表对现在的推测的反意疑问句简短问句用V的变化形式例1Hemustknowyoudoesnthe2HemustbealoneathomenowisnthemusthaveV-ed一定表对过去的推测的反意疑问句简短问句用如下形式例1Hemusthavedonehisworkhasnthe2Hemusthavedonehisworkyesterdaydidnthe 有确切的过去时间用过去时11省略的感叹句的反意疑问句注意主语和单复数形式例1Whatbeautifulflowersarentthey2Whatfineweatherisntit3Howsillyofmeisntit12反义疑问句的陈述部分为Iam时问句部分习惯上用arentI表示例ImaveryhonestmanarentI13too---to---结构的反意疑问句后面用否定形式例Heistooyoungtogotoschoolisnthe②课堂笔记P162-163页五．常识音乐类型typesofmusic和乐器名称thenamesofinstruments专项练习1Heisinterestedinmusic____________2LucyandLilyarewatchingTV___________3Heisgoingtoskatetomorrow__________4LiLeiwatchesfilmstwiceamonth_________5Hewenttotheshopslastnight____________6Wewontgototheparktomorrow_________7Hehasneverbee