高考总复习英语语法专项训练五 44页

语法专项训练(五)——数词 英语数词即表示数目多少或顺序先后的词.数词有两种:基数词和序数词.表示数量多少的叫基数词,表示次序的叫序数词.注意以下数词的拼写:语法精讲 one,thefirst；two,thesecond；three,thethird；four,thefourth；five,thefifth；nine,theninth；twelve,thetwelfth；fifteen,thefifteenth；nineteen,thenineteenth；twenty,thetwentieth；twentyone,thetwentyfirst；thirty, thethirtieth；forty,thefortieth；eighty,theeightieth；ninetynine,theninetyninth；etc. 考点一基数词1．基数词的形式——基数词中1～12是独立单词,13～19的基数词以后缀-teen结尾,20～90八个整十位数数词以后缀-ty结尾.——表示其他两位数词,十位与个位之间用连字符“-”: twenty-three,seventy-five,etc.——百位数与十位数之间,英式英语用and连接,美式英语一般不用:threehundredandsixty-fivedays；eighthundredandtwenty-twostudents,etc.2．基数词的用法 用法例句作主语Thefourofusweretoofrightenedtosayaword.It’ssaidthatthirteenisanunluckynumberinthewesterncountries.作定语FiftythousandLondonworkersareonstrike. 用法例句作宾语—Howmanydoyouwant?—Iwantfour.作表语Theboyisten.作同位语Theythreejoinedtheschoolteam.作状语Ihateridingtwoonabike. 3.基数词的复数形式(1)表示确切数字时,ten,hundred,thousand,million只用单数形式,不能加-s.(2)dozen(十二),score(二十),head(一头)等表示确切数字时不用复数形式,但在表示不确切数字时要用复数: twodozenbottlesofbeer；dozensoftimes；fourscoreandsixyears；scoresofstudents(3)表示“几十”的数词的复数形式可用来表示人的岁数或年代.Shediedinherforties.Thisstorytookplaceinthe1950s. 考点二　序数词1．序数词的形式规律例词(1)序数词中除了前三个(first,second,third)形式特殊以外,其余都以-th结尾fourth,sixth,eighth,tenth,fifth,ninth,twelfth,etc. 规律例词(2)以-ty结尾的基数词变成序数词时,须将-y改为-ie再加-thtwentieth,thirtieth,eightieth,ninetieth,etc. 规律例词(3)两位数的基数词变为序数词时,只须将个位数变成序数词,十位数不变twenty-one→twenty-first；seventy-five→seventy-fifth,etc. 规律例词(4)序数词的缩写形式由阿拉伯数字加序数词最后两个字母构成first→1st,second→2nd,third→3rd,fourth→4th,thirtieth→30th,etc. 2.序数词的基本用法规律例句(1)序数词在句中主要用作定语,前面要加定冠词theOnthefirstday,Ifollowedmymother’sadviceandkeptthedoorshutallthetime.(2)序数词前有时可加不定冠词a/an,表示“再一次,又一”We’llhavetodoitasecondtime.ShallIaskhimaneighthtime？ 规律例句(3)序数词有时可用来代替“第……个(批)人/物”She’salwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.(4)定冠词the＋序数词＋形容词最高级Janeisthesecondtallestgirlinthisclass. 规律例句(5)序数词作状语时,不加定冠词Theteamranksthirdinitsowncountry.Whendidyoulastseehim？(6)序数词可作主语、宾语Thefirstisbetterthanthesecond. 规律例句(7)序数词的其他惯用法Sheisthethirdbeststudentinherclass.Thefirstthreepagesofthebookareverygood.Businessfirstandpleasureafterwards.Firstcome,firstserved.Don’tgiveitasecondthought.Helikedherfromthefirst.SheissecondtononeinspokenEnglishinherschool. 考点三　倍数1．倍数既可以表示增加,也可以表示减少,分数也在此列；表示增加、减少时包括基数,相当于“乘、除”.(1)通常说“增加了X倍”,不包括基数,纯增加；若是“增加到X倍”或“是原来的X倍”,则包括基数. Themachineimprovestheworkingconditionsandraisesefficiencyfourtimes.这种机器改善了工作条件,提高了4倍的工作效率. (2)分数的构成:基数词＋序数词；基数词(分子)大于1时,序数词(分母)用复数.onethird1/3,onefifth1/5,onetwentieth1/20,twofifths2/5,threesevenths3/7,fiveninths5/92．倍数比较的表示法 规律例句(1)倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋asThismaterialreactsthreetimesasfastasthatone.Theblueboxisfourtimesaslightastheyellowone.(2)倍数＋形容词/副词比较级＋thanInoticedatigerwhichwastwicebiggerthanmestaringatmefromthecornerofmyyard！ 规律例句(3)倍数＋thelength(width等名词＋of)Thisriveristwicethewidthofthatlake.Theearthis49timesthesizeofthemoon.(4)(times)asmuch(many,large,etc.)asIhavehalfasmanybooksasshedoes. 规律例句(5)times＋the/one’s＋n.Itisworthseventimesthevalue.(6)increase/reduce...＋by＋倍数/百分比Theoutputofsteelhasgoneupbythreetimesoverthepasttenyears. Ⅰ.单句填空用括号里适当的单词或短语完成下面的句子1．Ittookusquitealongtimetogettotheamusementpark.Itwas____________(athree-hours,athree-hour)journey.提升演练athree-hour 解析:考查“不定冠词＋基数词＋连字符＋单数名词”的用法.连字符连接的词作定语且其中的名词用单数. 2．Itisreportedthatthefloodshaveleftabout_________________(twothousand,twothousands)peoplehomeless.解析:hundred,thousand,million等前面有具体的数字表达具体的数量时,这些词不用复数,后面不加of；运用复数时,后面加of则表达“概数”.twothousand 3．Several____________(million,millions)peopleintheworldaresendinginformationbye-maileveryday.million 4．Hehasread____________(hundred,hundreds)ofbooksinhislife.解析:hundred前面没有具体数字,后＋of应用复数,表示“概数”.hundreds 5．____________(Twofifth,Twofifths)ofthelandinthatdistrict___________(is,are)coveredwithtreesandgrass.解析:考查分数表达.分子大于1时,分母要加s.分数表示整体的一部分,谓语用单数.Twofifthsis 6．Hedidit_________________(one-thirdtime,one-thirdthetime)ittookme.解析:考查倍数＋the＋名词.one-thirdthetime 7．LouiseBrown,the____________________________(world’stest-tubefirstbaby,world’sfirsttest-tubebaby)is70yearsoldnow.world’sfirsttest-tubebaby 8．Ihear____________(quiteafew,quitealittle)boysinyourschoollikeplayingfootballintheirsparetime,thoughotherspreferbasketball.解析:根据后面的“boys”是可数名词,few修饰可数名词,故填quiteafew.quiteafew 9．Itisnotrareinthe______(90,90s)thatpeopleintheir_________(fifty,fifties)aregoingtouniversityforfurthereducation.解析:前者指年代,用“the＋基数词的复数”；后者指年龄,用“one’s＋基数词的复数”.90sfifties 10．Shewenttothebookstoreandbought_______________(dozensofbooks,dozenbooks)．解析:dozen意为“一打,十二个”,与数词连用时要用单数,与of连用时要用复数形式.dozensof意为“若干,许许多多”.dozensofbooks Ⅱ.语篇填空根据括号内的汉语提示用适当的数词完成下面的短文.Haveyoueverseen1.________(一个)chimpanzee(黑猩猩)inazoo？Ifnot,betterrunandseeone.Why？Becausethey’reindangerandtheremaysoonbenoneleft.a/one Chimpanzeeswereoncefoundin2.________________________(许多)Africancountries.But,lastweekaUnitedNationsreportsaidthattheyaredisappearingfromsomecountriesfast.InSenegal,forexample,many/agreatnumberof thereareonly3.____________(二百)left.Thereusedtobe4.__________________(几千)．Chimpanzeesarealsoindangerinotherpartsoftheworld.Chimpanzeesareakindofgreatape.Therearethreeotherkindsofgreatape:gorillas,twohundredseveralthousand gibbonsandorangutans,whichareallindanger.Thereareabout5.______________________(四十万)greatapesintheworld.“Theyallfaceextinction,somesoon,otherswithin6.________________(五十五年),”fourhundredthousandfifty-fiveyears saysKlausTopers,headoftheUNEnvironmentprogramme.“Over7._________________(百分之九十六)ofgreatape’sDNAislikeours.Ifwelosethem,wewilldestroyapartofourselves,”saysKlaus.ninety-sixpercent Whyarechimpanzeesindangerandhowcanwesavethem？That’sbecauseofhumans.Wearekillingthemanddestroyingtheforestswheretheylive.AccordingtotheUNreport8.________________(数千计的)chimpanzeesdieeachyearbecauseofhumans.thousandsof Somepeoplekillthemformoney.But9.____________(三分之二)ofthemdieafterhumanscutdowntheforestswheretheylive,whichmeansgreatapeshavenoplacetoliveandnofoodtoeat.two-thirds Lastweek,scientistsfrom10.___________________________(四分之三的)thecountriesoftheworldmetinParis,France,andmadeareporttellingcountrieshowtoprotectapes.threefourths/quartersof 本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放