高考总复习英语语法专项训练十三 45页

语法专项训练(十三)——名词性从句 英语名词性从句由连词、连接代词和连接副词引导,按其作用与功能,分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句.引导名词性从句的关联词语法精讲 类别关联词备注连接词that宾语从句中可以省略,其他从句中不可省略if,whether宾语从句中多可通用,其他从句中用whether 类别关联词备注连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever连接副词when,where,how,why. 朗读下列各句,并思考划线的从句在全句中作什么成分.1．Whathedidmademeextremelyangry.()他所做的事使我非常生气.作主语 2．Whetherwewillgopicnickingtomorrowdependsontheweather.(不用if)明天是否去野餐取决于天气.()3．Mysuggestionisthatweshouldturnthelandintricefields.我的建议是:我们应当把那片地变成稻田.()作主语作表语 4．Hesaidthathegotuplateandthathewaslatefoclass.他说他起晚了并且上课迟到了.()5．Shehasmadeitclearthatshewillgetmarriednextmonth.她很清楚地表明,她将于下个月结婚.()作宾语作宾语 6．Oursuccessdependsonwhethereveryoneworkshard.(不用if)我们的成功取决于大家是否努力.()7．Letmeknowwhetherornotyoucancome.(不用if)告诉我你能不能来.()作宾语作宾语 8．Thefactthathetellsliesallthetimemakesussurprised.他一直说谎这个事实使我们感到惊讶.()9．Theadvicethatshewaittillnextweekisreasonable.(不用which)她等到下周这个建议是很有道理的.()作同位语作同位语 归纳小结:名词性从句,顾名思义,其用法相当于一个名词的用法,在句中可作主语、表语、同位语、宾语,分别叫做主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和宾语从句. 一、主语从句(一)从句引导词:that,whether,who,whom,whose,what,which,when,where,why,how等.1．Thatpeoplecutdowntoomanytreesdestroyedthebalanceofnature. 2．Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.3．Whetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. 【注意】放在名词性从句句首,表示“是否”,只能用whether,不能用if.(二)位置1．ThatheknowsJapaneseisknowntoall.2．Whatsurprisedmewastoseehimhere. 3．Whenhewillcomeisunknown.4．Whetherheiscomingdoesn’tmattermuch.5．Itremainsasecrethowtheyclimbedupthemountain.归纳小结:主语从句的位置1.在句首；2.主语较长时通常放在后面,句首主语用It. 1．It＋be＋形容词＋that从句2．It＋be＋名词词组(duty/pity...)＋that从句3．It＋be＋过去分词(said/thought...)＋that从句4．It＋不及物动词(seem/happen...)＋that从句 例句:1．Itisapitythatwecan’tgoswimming.真可惜我们不能去游泳.2．IthappenedthatIwasoutthatday.碰巧那天我外出了. 3．Itiscertainthathewilldowellintheexam.他考试肯定会考好.4．Itissaidthathetoldhereverything.据说他已告诉了她一切. 二、宾语从句宾语从句在句中作及物动词或介词的宾语.Weallknow(that)theEarthisround.YaoMingwilltalktousaboutwhathesawintheUSA. 【注意】①某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句.这些形容词和过去分词常见的有:afraid,certain,glad,happy,surprised等.IamnotsurewhetherIcanaffordtobuythefurniture. ②宾语从句的否定转移:某些动词如think,believe,expect等,如果宾语从句的意思是否定句,常把否定转移到主句的谓语上.如“我认为他不会遵守诺言.”一句,在英语中应说:Idon’tthinkhewillkeephispromise. 三、表语从句表语从句位于主句中的系动词之后.Thatiswhyhewasabsentfromschoolyesterday.Thatiswhereheoncelived. 【注意】连词because,asif也可以引导表语从句.Itlooksasifitwasgoingtosnow.Itisbecausehewasill. 四、同位语从句同位语从句跟在名词之后,进一步说明该名词的具体内容.常见的这类名词有:fact,hope,idea,order,problem,belief,doubt,truth,suggestion,thought,question等. Weallknowthefactthathealwaystellslies.IamgladandexcitedatthegoodnewsthatI’vegotthefirstprizeforthecompetition.听到我竞赛获得一等奖的消息,我既高兴又激动. 【注意】①引导同位语从句一般不使用连接代词.②如果主句的谓语太短,为了使句子平衡,常把同位语从句置于主句谓语之后.Thenewscamethattheenemysoldierswerecompletelywipedout.敌军被完全消灭的消息传来了. 一．翻译句子1．据说今年高一学生要学新教材.________________________________________________________________________提升演练ItissaidthattheSeniorGradeOnestudentswilllearnanewtextthisyear. 2．事实是他们靠自己完成了所有的任务.________________________________________________________________Itisafactthattheyfinishedalltheworkbythemselves 3．碰巧他们已经参加过军训了.________________________________________________________________4．众所周知,比尔·盖茨是世界上最富有的人.________________________________________________________________IthappenedthattheyhadhadtheirmilitarytrainingItiswell-knownthatBillGatesistherichestpersonintheworld. 5．我们应该养成好的学习习惯,这很重要.________________________________________________________________6．真奇怪他今天竟然迟到了.________________________________________________________________Itisimportantthatwe(should)formagoodhabitofstudying.Itisstrangethatheshouldbelatetoday. 二、单句填空用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空.1．Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild____________heorshewants.whatever 解析:whatever引导一个宾语从句,并且作wants的宾语.这里的whatever不能改成what,因为题意想表达的显然是“无论孩子要什么就给他/她什么是不明智的”,具有泛指的概念.同时要注意,这里whatever也不能改用nomatterwhat,因为后者只能引导状语从句. 2．—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.—Isthat______youhadafewdaysoff?解析:why引导的从句作表语,同时why在从句中作原因状语.这里之所以选why,而不是when或where等,唯一的依据便是句子的逻辑含义及语境why 3．Itwasamatterof_______wouldtaketheposition.解析:这是一个含宾语从句的复合句,作介词of宾语的是后面的整个句子,而不是宾语从句的引导词,由于引导词在从句中作主语,所以要用主格who(作宾语时自然要用whom).who 4．China’ssuccessinmanned-spacecrafttravelshows__________ourcountryhasbecomeoneofthegreatestpowersinspaceresearch.解析:该句中的从句作shows的宾语,是宾语从句,又因为从句中不缺主、宾语,所以只能用that引导；又因引导宾语从句时that可以省略,所以答案是that或不填.that/不填 5．Thenarosethequestion_________weweretogetsomuchmoney.解析:先行词与where,when概念一致时,是定语从句,题中的question与where不表同一概念,可见是同位语从句,所以where不能改用“介词＋which”的形式.where 6．Thisisthehouse_________________thegreatmanMaoZedongwasborn110yearsago.解析:题中的house与where同表地点,且这个关系副词where可以用“介词＋which”的形式代替,所以答案where和inwhich都可以引导.where/inwhich 7．Itdoesn’tmatter__________Irestornot.解析:引导主语从句而且后面有ornot,只能用whether不能用if.whether 8.____________inthenewspaperthattheJapaneseMinisterwillarriveinBeijingnextFriday.解析:主语从句常用句型中非常常用的一种:Itis＋过去分词＋thatclause.Itissaid 9．Ithinkitis____________you’reeatingtoomuch.解析:because引导的从句充当is的表语.这也是常用的一个句型:It/Thisisbecause后加原因.because 三、根据意思,填上适当的词1．____________somepeopleregardasadrawbackisseenasaplusbymanyothers.2．____________wasmostimportanttoher,shetoldme,washerfamily.3．____________isashamethathewaslateforschoolagain.WhatWhatIt 4．____________hewasscoldedbyhisteacherannoyedalot.5．____________weshallattendthemeetinghasn’tbeendecidedyet.ThatWhether 四、语篇填空根据短文意思用适当的词完成下面的短文.Idon’tknow1._________you’venoticed2.________somestudentsdon’twanttowalktoschool.Itcanbeseeneveryday3._________theirparentsdrivethemtoschool.whetherthatthat Butnowadays,itshouldbebroughttoournotice4._______theairisseriouslypolluted.5.________canwedoaboutit？HereIhaveasuggestion6._______weshouldrideonourbiketoschool！7.____________wecandoitwillnotonlyhavesignificantbenefitsforourhealth,thatWhatthatThat 8._________alsohelpimproveourenvironment.9.____________wewillhaveabetterenvironmentdependson10.____________wecandoforourselvesandfornature.butWhetherwhat 本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放