2018年高考英语语法复习精讲六(定语从句) 4页

高考语法定语从句精讲一个句子充当了定语，那么这个句子就叫定语从句。可以充当定语的1adj.abeautifulgirl2n.Anappletree3介词短语agirlinred.4非谓语doing表主动，表进行done表被动，表完成todo表目的，表将來非谓语作前置定语afallingleaf一片正在飘落的叶子Afallenleaf一片己经飘落的叶子非谓语作后置定语agirlspeakingfrench.AfilmcalledTatanicThemeetingtobeheldin3hoursisveryimportant.定语从句：heisamanwhocomesfromEngland.先行词^词从句关系词：关系代词：whichthatwhowhomaswhose关系副词:whenwherewhy关系代词指代定语从句成分可否省略who人主，宾关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略whom人宾whose人，物（的）定+名词which物主，宾that人，物主，宾as人，物主，宾关系副词指代定语从句成分可否省略when时间介词+which做时间状语不可省略where地点介词+which做地点状语why原因for+which做原因状语填写关系词的三个步骤1先确定定语从句部分2找先行词3把先行词带入定语从句中，看其在定语从句中充当什么成分，然后在根据具体情况填入关系词。 详解、当先行词是人时且先行词在定语从句中作主语时，用who/thatM先行词在定语从句中作宾语时，whom/that/不填/who且先行词在定语从句中作定语时，用whoseEgsheisagirlspeaksfrench.Igiveanappletohereveryonelikesverymuch.Wealllikethegirlfrenchspeaksverywell.二当先行词是物时且先行词在定语从句中作主语时，用which/that且先行词在定语从句中作宾语时，用which/that/不填且先行词在定语从句中作定语时，用whose.Eg.Ican’tfindmypenismyfavorite.Ilikethecakemymothermadethismorning.Iliketheroomwindowsfacesouth.三关系副词when/where/why=介词+which（在定语从句屮作状语）（at10o’clock,intheroom,forthisreason,inthisway）时间Iwon’tforgetthedayswestudiedtogether.Iwon’tforgetthedaywespenttogether.地点Ivisitedthefactorymyfatherworkedtenyearsago.Myfatherworksinafactoryivisitedlastweek.原因Idon’tacceptthereasonhegiveme.Thisisthereasonheislateforschool.ThisisthereasonIdon’taccept.介词+whom，介词+whichThisisthereasonisunreasonable•（不合理白勺）四介词+关系词先行词是人，先行词是物，附:介词后面不能用that逗号后面不能用that介词后面不能用who Eg物Iboughtthreebooks，twoofarestorybooksIboughtthreebooks,andtwoofarestorybooks.AwhichBthemCthatD不填人Herecomesfivegirls,twoofaremyfriendsHerecomesfivegirls,andtwoofaremyfriendsinAwhomBWhoCthemDwhich五先行词是物吋，只能用that的情况（不能用which）1当先行词是all,little,much,more,everything,anything,nothing等不定代词时EgTomtoldhismotherallhadhappened.2当先行词本身是序数词，形容词最高级或者先行词等这些词修饰时ThisisthebestbookIhaveeverread3当先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast,only,all,any,no修饰吋ThisistheonlybookicanfindIwanttoreadallthebookswerewrittenbymary.4当先行词既是人又是物时Ioftenmeettomandhisdoglookfriendlytoeachother.5当主句是以which/Who开头的特殊疑问会时，为了避免重复，必须用thatWhichisthehotelyoulikebest?六定语从句中几个特殊的词1way方式，方法Idon’tlikethewayisviolent.InwhichIdon’tlikethewayhetellsmeIdon’tlikethewayhespeakstome.JIthat不填2当先行词是表示抽象的模糊性的地点时，关系词一般情况下用where/介词+which,特殊情况下具体问题具体分析。如point,stage,period,situation,activity,scene,case,spot,atmosphere.Eg Tomisattheturningpointhedoesn’tknowhowtochoosehislifeway.Idon’twanttofacethesituationisuncomfortableforme.Idon’twanttofacethesituationIfeeluncomfortable.七限制性定语从句：不带逗号非限制性定语从句：带逗号，不能用that，不能有who代替whom,关系词不能省八as和which1、在限制性定语从句中as指代代词、名词，常用于一些固定的结构thesame...as,such....as，asmany/much....as.Which指代名词，代词，整个句子.2、在非限制性定语从句中as指代整个句子；有正如......的意思，引导定语从句可以在主句之前、句中，句后。Which指代名词，代词，整个句子，没有正如......的意思，引导的定语从句只能在主句后。Tomgavemeaninterestingstorybook,ismyfavorite.istheoftencase,Maryislateforschool.isknowntous,theearthgoesaroundthesunHewon3games,surprisedallus.九Heisoneofthestudentswhohavepassedtheexam.（从句的谓语动词和先行词保持一致）Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohaspassedtheexam