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高考感知k1.(2017-全国卷I,66)Asaresult,peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.Even(bad),theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.答案:worse句意:更糟糕的是,人们所吃快餐的数量增加了。evenworse“更糟糕的是,更糟的是”,习惯搭配。2.(2017-全国卷II,66)Steamengineswereusedtopullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeen(fair)unpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.答案:fairly此处应由副词修饰形容词unpleasant,故填fairly,意为“相当,非常”。3.(2017-全国卷II,70)ThecentralLondonRailwaywasoneofthemost(success)ofthesenewlines,andwasopenedin1900.答案:successful空格前的themost与多音节形容词构成最高级,故填successful,意为“成功的”。4.(2017.浙江高考,58)Pahlssonscreamedloudlythatherdaughtercamerunningfromthehouse.答案:so由副词loudly和that可知,应填so,构成so...that...“如此……以至于……”,固定结构。5.(2016.全国卷II,61)Ifyoufeelstressedbyresponsibilitiesat
work,youshouldtakeastepbackandidentify(识另ij)thoseof(great)andlessimportance.答案:greater根据后面的andless可知,此处也要用比较级形式。2.(2016.全国卷I,63)Fromtomorrow,IwillbetheirUKambassador.Thetitlewillbe(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.
答案:officially修饰谓语动词应当用副词形式,officially,意为“正式地”。2.(2016.全国卷11,65)Getanearlystartandtrytobeproductiveaspossiblebeforelunch.答案:as由“productiveaspossible”可知,应填副词as,构成as...aspossible“尽可能”。3.(2016.全国卷III,66)Foodinsmallpiecescouldbeeateneasilywithtwigswhich(gradual)turnedintochopsticks.答案:gradually此处用副词gradually修饰谓语动词短语turnedinto。4.(2016•浙江高考,18)1havealwaysenjoyedalltheeventsyouorganizedandIhopetoattend(many)eventsinthecomingyears.答案:more句意:我一直喜欢你组织的所有活动,并希望在来年能参加更多活动。many在本句中为形容词,由“inthecomingyears”可知此处暗指“更多的活动”,故填many的比较级形式more。5.(2015•江苏高考,31)Thepoliceofficersdecidedtoconductathoroughand(comprehension)reviewofthecase.答案:comprehensive句意:警方决定对该案件进行彻底和全面的审查。由设空前的形容词thorough和后面的名词review可知,应填形容词comprehensive“全面的,彻底的”。一、形容词1.形容词的作用形容词用来修饰名词或代词,表示人或事物的性质、状态或特征。在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语以及状语。Inthevalleyscolourfulbutterfliesflewaroundus.
Shecanbereallystubborn.Ifounditdifficulttoclamdown.注意:①有些形容词通常作表语,不能像普通形容词那样作前置定语,这样的形容词称为表语形容词。如alive,alone,asleep,alike,afraid,awake,ashamed,sure等。②有些形容词只能作定语,不能作表语,这样的形容词称为定语开)容i司,4口golden,wooden,silken,live,elder,former,latter,front,back,outer等。1.形容词在句中的位置(1)单个形容词作定语时,一般放在被修饰的名词之前;两个或两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时,排列顺序一般应考虑以下两种情况:①和被修饰的名词关系比较密切的形容词位置更靠近名词。JaneFyreisamovingEnglishnovel.②音节少的形容词在前,音节多的形容词在后。Ihaveasmallbutbeautifulroom.(2)多个形容词排序常见形容词顺序归纳为口诀如下:限定描绘大长高,形状年龄与新老,颜色国籍出材料,作用类别往后靠。即:限定词(冠词、代词、数词等)+描绘性形容词(beautiful、interesting...)+大小、长短、高低形容词+形状、年龄、新旧形容词+颜色、国籍、出处、材料形容词+用途、类别形容词+中心名词。可以简单地记为:“县官行令宴国才。”TheoldladywantstobuyabeautifulredChinesesilkdressforherdaughterasapresent.TheyboughtacharmingbigroundnewblackFrenchwoodenwritingdesklastyear.(3)单个形容词作定语时,在下列情况之下,形容词应放在被修饰的词之后。①形容例修饰不定代例something,nothing,anything等时应后置。Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.Thereisnothingdangeroushere.
①表语形容例作定语时需后置。如alive,present,possible,afraid,alone,awake等。Heisthegreatestwriteralive.Hewastheonlypersonawakeatthemoment.1.倍数表达法的句式倍数表达法主要右以下5种:(1)...倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+as...(2)...倍数+形容词/副词比较级+than...(3)...倍数+thesize/length/weight/heightof...(4)...倍数+thatof...(5)...倍数+what...注意:表示倍数的词始终在前面。①我们的新房子是旧房子的三倍大。Ournewhousewasthreetimesaslargeastheoldone.=Ournewhousewasthreetimeslargerthantheoldone.=Ournewhousewasthreetimesthesizeoftheoldone.②2017年的汽车产量比2016年的产量大六倍。Theoutputofcarsin2017isseventimesthatof2016.=Theoutputofcarsin2017isseventimeswhatitwasin2016.二、副词1.副词的作用副词是一种用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句的词,说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。常在句中作状语、表语、定语、宾语补足语、介词宾语等成分。Hegotupearlythismorning.Thebuildingtherelooksverysmall.注意:①有些副词可修饰名词,用以加强语气,相当于状语。常用的这类副词为quite,rather,even等。Weheldquiteapartylastweekend.Evenachildwon’tbelievesuchastoryyoutold.
②有些副词可修饰部分不定代词和数词。常用的这类副词有
almost,nearly,roughly,mostly等。NearlyanyonepresentatthemeetingwasanexpertonSARS.Ilearnedthreeforeignlanguagesatcollege,butnowIhaveforgottenalmostallofthem.2.副词的分类吋间副词now,today,recently,late,soon,yet等频率副词often,always,usually,seldom,frequently等地点副词away,abroad,anywhere,downstairs,home,here,there等方式副词clearly,carefully,badly,quietly,quickly等程度副词almost,alittle,much,very,rather,quite,fairly,deeply等疑问连接副词when,where,why,how等否定副同not,hardly,scarcely,rarely,never等3.副词在句中的位置(1)时间副词和地点副词一般放在句尾。如果这两种副词同吋出现在句中,则把地点副词放在时间副词前面,也可把时间副词放在句首。但always,seldom,often,never,rarely等副词通常放在行为动词之前,放在情态动词、助动词和be动词之后。Theywillgotheretomorrow.Ioftengotoschoolatseveninthemorning.Mybrotherisseldomlateforschool.(2)修饰形容词、其他副词时的位置修饰形容词、副词时,位于被修饰词的前面。Computersworkmuchfasterthanbefore.Happydayspasstoosoon.
注意:①enough作为副词时总是置于被修饰的形容词或副词之后。Thebookiseasyenoughforlittlekids.②enough作形容词时,可置于名词之前或之后。Wehaven’tenoughtime/timeenoughtoprepareforthemeeting.三、形容词与副词的比较级和最高级1.比较级和最高级的基本构成(1)规则变化构成法原级比较级最高级一般单音节词末尾加-er,-esttalltallertallestgreatgreatergreatest以不发音的e结尾的单音节词和少数以-lenicenicernicest结尾的双音节词只加-r,-stsimplesimplersimplest以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词,双写结尾的辅音字母,再加-er,-estbigbiggerbiggesthothotterhottest以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词,改y为i,再加-er,-esteasyeasiereasiestbusybusierbusiest
少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词末尾力口-er,-estclevercleverercleverestnarrownarrowernarrowest其他双音节词和多音节词,在前面加more,most来构成比较级和最高级importantmoreimportantmostimportanteasilymoreeasilymosteasily(2)不规则变化原级比较级最局级good/wellbetterbestbad/illworseworstoldolder/elderoldest/eldestmuch/manymoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest1.比较级和最高级的用法(1)比较级的用法①“比较级+than”,表示一方超过另一方。Ourschoolisbetterthanthatone.②“less+原级+than”,表示一方不及另一方。Thisparkislessbeautifulthanthatone.③“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”,表示“越……,越
Thehigherthetemperatureis,thegreaterthepressureis.④“比较级+and+比较级”,表示“越来越……”。Theweatherisgettingcolderandcolder.注意:比较级可以被even,alot,abit,alittle,still,much,far,yet,any,rather,no,agreatdeal,byfar等修饰。Heworksevenharderthanbefore.(2)与比较等级相关的常用表达①moreBthanA=lessAthanB“与其说A不如说B”。Heismorelazythanslowathiswork.=Heislessslowthanlazyathiswork.②morethan“不仅仅;nomorethan=only“仅仅,只不过”;notmorethan“至多,不超过”。Languageismorethanatoolwithwhichpeoplecommunicatewitheachother.③no+比较级+than...“都不”,是对两者的共同否定,且侧重前者;而not+比较级+than...“不及”,表前者不如后者,隐含对两者的肯定,但侧重后者。JosiespeaksChinesenomorefluentlythanherbrother.Irunnotfasterthananyoneelseinmyclass.(1)最高级的用法①三者或三者以上相比,表75最高程度时,用“the+最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。ZhangHuaisthetallestofthethree.Heworks(the)hardestinhisclass.②最高级可被序数词以及much,byfar,nearly,almost,bynomeans,notquite,notreally,nothinglike等词语所修饰。TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.ThisisbyfarthebestmoviethatIhaveeverseen.
专项训练LI.单句语法填空1•Asuddenstopcanbeaveryfrighteningexperience,(especial)ifyouaretravellingathighspeed.答案:especially句意:突然停下来是非常可怕的经历,尤其是如果你高速行驶时。especially“特别,尤其”,强调程度,此处用来修饰整个句子。1.Listeningisthusanactive,nota(passively)behaviorconsistingofhearing,understandingandremembering.答案:passive句意:因而,听是一种积极的而不是消极的行为,它涉及听、理解和记忆。由前文active可知空格处应使用形容词作定语,修饰名词behavior。2.Itwas(consider)ofMichaeltoinformusofhisdelayincasewegotworried.答案:considerate句意:Michael为了防止我们担心,告知我们他耽搁了,考虑得很周到。此处应用形容词作表语,构成“Itbe+fz办ofsb.+todosth.”句式,故填considerate,表示“考虑周到的;体贴的”。3.Withonlineshoppingincreasinglypopular,theInternetisseenasa(n)(efficiency)wayofreachingtargetcustomers.答案:efficient句意:随着网上购物的快速流行,网络被看作是引起目标消费者注意的有效方法。efficient“有效的”,修饰名词way。4.Thegirlusedtobeshy,butis(gradual)gettingactiveingroupworkandismorewillingtoexpressherself.答案:gradually句意:那个女孩曾很害羞,但是逐渐地在分组工作中表现得积极主动而且更愿意表迗自己了。gradually“逐渐
地,逐步地”,作状语修饰动词短语getactive。1.Eventhoughtheconferencehallisnearhisapartment,hehastohurryalittleifhewantstobe(punctually).答案:punctual句意:尽管会议大厅距他的公寓很近,但如果想准时赶到,他也必须快一点。punctual“准时的”,作系动词be的表语。2.LittleTomsat(amaze)watchingthemonkeydancinginfrontofhim.答案:amazed句意:小汤姆坐在那儿看着小猴子在他面前跳舞,感到很吃惊。此处应用形容词amazed“感到吃惊的”描述主语littleTom的神情,此处作伴随状语。3.Idon"tthinkwhathesaidis(relevance)tothetopicwearediscussing.Hehasmissedthepoint.答案:relevantrelevant“有关的;贴切的”。berelevantto“与……相关的”,固定搭配。4.Andyiscontentwiththetoy.Itisthe(good)hehasevergot.答案:best句意:安迪对这个玩具很满意。这是他得到的最好的玩具。由“hehasevergot”可知,应用形容词最高级,空格前的定冠词the也是提示。5.Mostofus,ifweknowevenalittleaboutwhereourfoodcomesfrom,understandthateverybiteputintoourmouthswas(former)alive.答案:formerly句意:如果我们知道一点食物来源的话,我们中的大多数人就会明白我们嘴里的每一口食物从前都是活着的。由空后的alive可知应填副词formerly,意为“以前,从前”,作状语。II.单句改错1.Wecouldseeveryclearastrangelightaheadofus.
答案:clear—clearly修饰动词see应用clear的副词形式。1.Theyoftengetupearlierandwaterthevegetablestogether.答案:earlier-yearly由句子中的副词often可知是一个经常发生的动作,无比较的对象,故需用原级。2.Theyhavealsoboughtsomegardeningtools,beside,theyoftengetsomeusefulinformationfromtheInternet.答案:beside—besidesbeside是介词,根据句意和beside后面的逗号可知,此处应用副词besides(而且)。3.Ienjoyedstudyingdifferencekindsofcarsandplanes,playingpopmusic,andcollectingthelatestmusicalbums.答案:difference-*different名词kinds前应该用形容词作定语,differentkindsof...“不同种类的”。4.Atonetime,Ievenfeltmyparentscouldn’tunderstandmesoIhopedIcouldbefreelyfromthem.答案:freely—freebefreefrom“免于;不受的影响;没有……的影响”,固定搭配。III.语法填空In1990,over100countriessigned1internationalagreementtomakeitillegaltobuyorsellivory,whichismainlyusedforjewelry.Mostivoryismadefromthetusks(象牙)ofAfricanelephants.Thesetusksare2(terrible)valuable_onepairisworthmorethanthreetimestheincomeofanAfricanfarmerorfactoryworkerinayear.Huntingelephantswassoprofitable3from1979to1989thenumberofelephantsinAfricafellfrom1.3millionto600,000.Itwasfearedthatbytheyear2000therewouldbenone4(leave).However,thankstotheinternationalagreement,there5(be)muchlessillegalhuntingsince1990.Butconsidering_6_(vary)ofaspects,itcostsalotofmoneyto
preserveelephants.Gamewardens(狩各昔监督员)mustbehiredtoprotectthem,landmustbesetasideforthem,andwhentheydestroyafarmer’scrops,thefarmermust7(pay)compensation.ZimbabweandfourotherAfricancountriessaythatsomeoftheelephantsshouldbekilledlegally.Thiswouldhelpkeepthepopulation8(stability),andsellingtheivorywouldhelppayforpreservingtheelephants.Butconservationistssaythat9(make)ivorylegaltosellwouldleadtoevenmoreillegalhunting.Otherssay_10iswrongistokillelephantsbecausetheyaresensitiveanimalswhofeelemotionalpainatthedeathofotherelephants.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.篇章导读:本文是一篇说明文。全文主要讲述为禁止非法猎杀大象和非法买卖象牙,国际社会所作的枳极努力。1.an考查冠词。agreement是可数名词,单数形式前应加不定冠词,因international的读音是以元音音素开头的,所以耍用不定冠词an。2.terribly考查词性转换。valuable是形容词,要用副词修饰,形容词terrible的副词是terribly。3.that考查常用句型。句意:非法猎杀大象如此有利可图,以致在非洲从1979年到1989年大象的数量从一百三十万头减至六十万头。so...that...“如此/这么以至于”。4.left考查非谓语动词。leave与none之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,用过去分词作none的定语。5.hasbeen考查动词的时态。根据since1990可知用现在完成时,句子主语illegalhunting是单数形式,助动词用has,故填hasbeen。6.varieties考查固定搭配。avarietyof/varietiesof“各种各样的”,动词vary的名词是variety,根据句子结构,填varieties。7.bepaid考查动词的语态。句意:农民一定要得到补偿。根
据句意可知用含情态动词的被动语态。1.stable考查词性转换。句意:保持大象数量的稳定。此处是形容词作宾语补足语。2.making考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构,可知句中缺少主语,此处是动名词作主语,故填making。3.what考查主语从句的连接词。此处是what引导的主语从
句,在从句中作主语,表示“……的东西(事情)”。IV.短文改错Chinaisfacingseriouslytrafficproblems.Toomuchcarstravelontheroads.Thisheavytrafficcausesdelaysandaplentyofairpollution.AlthoughmanycitiesinChinahavetrafficproblems,someoftheworseareinBeijing.Oneofthereasonwhythereissomuchtrafficiswhatonlyasmallnumberofpeopleusepublictransportation.Ithinkonewaysolvethetrafficproblemswastomakepeopleusethepublictransportationsystem.Forexample,theycantakebusesinsteadofdrivecars.Meanwhile,thegovernmentshouldmakethemmorereliableandconvenienttotravelbybus.答案:Chinaisfacingseriouslytrafficproblems.Toomuchcarstravel①serious②manyontheroads.Thisheavytrafficcausesdelaysandplentyofair③pollution.AlthoughmanycitiesinChinahavetrafficproblems,someoftheworseareinBeijing.Oneofthereasonwhythereissomuchtraffic④worst⑤reasonsiswhatonlyasmallnumberofpeopleusepublictransportation.⑥thatIthinkonewayAsolvethetrafficproblemswastomake⑦topeopleusethepublictransportationsystem.Forexample,theycantakebusesinsteadofdrivecars.Meanwhile,thegovernmentshouldmake⑨drivingthemmorereliableandconvenienttotravelbybus.⑩it1.seriouslyserious考查形容词。此处用形容词作定语修饰名词短语trafficproblems。2.much—many考查形容词。much修饰不可数名词,many修饰可数名词复数形式,故此处用many。3.去掉a考查固定短语。固定短语plentyof意为“许多,大
量”,可以修饰可数名词复数形式或不可数名词。1.worse-^worst考查形容词的最高级。分析句意为“在中国很多城市都存在交通问题,其中最严重的是在北京”,故用最高级形式worsto2.reason—reasons考查名词的数。oneof后面跟可数名词的复数形式。3.what—that考查表语从句。从句onlyasmallnumberofpeopleusepublictransportation是一个完整的句子,不缺少成分,故用that连接表语从句,what在从句中要作某一成分。4.solve前加to考查动词不定式。此处用不定式短语作后置定语修饰way。5.was^is考查动词的时态。此处表述作者的观点,应用一般现在时,故改was为is。6.drive-^driving考查非谓语动词。介词of后面要跟动名词形式。7.them—it考查代词。此处代词指代totravelbybus这件事,故用it。