2016高考英语语法快易通---名词和主谓一致 3页

2012尚考英语语法快易通---名词和主谓一致I.名词的种类专有名词普通名词国名地名人名，团体机构名称可数名词不可数名词个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词特别注意名词类别的相互转换个体名词与抽象名词的相互转换例句意义名词性质①Sheheldsomeflowersinherhand.②Thetreesarenowinflower花儿个体名词丌花抽象名词①Youthisbeautiful.©Heisayouthoftwenty靑春抽象名词个体名词①Theyhaveachievedremarkablesuccessintheirwork.②—HowabouttheChristmaseveningparty?—1shouldsayitwasasuccess.成功抽象名同成功的事个体名词物质名词与个体名词的相互转换例句意义名词性质①Ironisakindofmetal.②Pleaselendmeyouriron.铁物质名词熨斗个体名词①Hebrokeapieceofglass.②Hebrokeaglass.玻璃物质名词玻璃杯个体名词①1boughtachickenthismorning②Pleasehelpyourselftosomechicken小鸡个体名词鸡肉物质名词抽象名词与个体名词的转换其有动作意义的抽象名词加川与某些动词（如：have等）连用，表示某一次短暂的动作①一I"dlikeinformationaboutthemanagementofvourhotel,please.—Well,youcouldhavewordwiththemanager.HemightbehelpfulA.some.aB.an,someC.some,someD.an,a②Theysentuswordofthelatesthappenings.消忠（抽象名词）A.aB.anC./D.the©Couldwehavewordbeforeyougotothemeeting?（个体名词）A.aB.anC./D.the焚例：haveadream/arest/asmoke/aswim/atrip/awash/adiscussion/alooktakeawalk/abathmakeanadvance（进步）/makeanearlystart（早点出发）/makeadecision/makeachange/giveacryofpain（发出補&的 叫声）/giveatry表示知识和吋间的抽象名词转换为普通名词时可以用来表示其中的一部分①ManypeopleagreethatknowledgeofEnglishisamustininternationaltradetoday.A.a#/B.the,anC.the,theD.Atheaknowledgeoftruth（知道实际情况）giveafullerknowledgeofChina（提供关于屮国更力翔实的知识｝haveaknowledgeofshorthand（有速记的知识｝②Iftherewerenoexamination,weshouldhaveatschool.A.thehappiesttimeB.amorehappiertimeC.muchhappiesttimeD.amuchhappiertime③ismoney.A.ThetimeB.AtimeC.TimeD.Times抽象名词转换为普通名词可川來表示“一次、一阵、一种”具体的行为、事件、现象或结果。这时名词前往往有形容同修饰①Oh,John.yougaveme!A.HowapleasantsurpriseB.HowpleasantsurpriseC.WhatapleasantsurpriseD.Whatpleasantsurprise②Shelookedupwhen1shouted.A.inasurpriseB.inthesurpriseC.insurpriseD.insomesurprise其它例子：Thegiftcameasacompletesurprisetome.Wehavehadsomeunpleasantsurprise®ltisworkofartthateveryonewantstohavealookatit.A.sounusualB.suchunusualC.suchanunusualD.soanunusualII.名词的数规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，-•般在单数形式r血加-s或-es（参看有关语法书）。英语里冇些名词的复数形式是不规则的，请看下表规贝IJ例词1改变名词中的元音字母或艽他形式man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,goose-geese,mouse-mice2单复数相同sheep,deer,series,means,works,fish,species3只有复数形式ashes,trousers,clothes,thanks,goods,glasses,compasses,contents4一些集体名词总是用作复数people,police,cattle,staff5部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作复数（成员）audience,class,family,crowd,couple,group,committee,government,population,crew,team,public,enemy,party6复数形式表示特别含义customs（海关），forces（军队），times（时代）,spirits（情绪），drinks（饮料sands（沙滩），papers（文件报纸），manners（礼貌）,looks（外表），brains（头脑智力），greens（青菜）,ruins（废墟）7表示“某国人”加-sAmericans,Australians,Germans,Greeks,Swedes,Europeans单复数同形Swiss,Portuguese,Chinese,Japanese 以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-womenEnglishmen,Frenchwomen8合成名词将主体名词变为复数sons-in-law,lookers-on,passers-by,story-tellers,boyfriends无主体名词吋将最后一部分变为复数grown-ups,housewives,stopwatches将两部分变为复数womensingers,menservantsIII.主谓一致规则情况举例Hisfatherisworkingonthefarm.以单数名词或代词动TostudyEnglishwellisnoteasy.词不定式短语，动名词Readinginthesunisbadforyoureyes.语短语或从句作主语时，Whathesaidisveryimportantforusall.诮语动同一般用单数由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况川单数形式，佴形式；主语为复数时，若表语是复数或what从川是一个带柯复数意义的并列结构时，主化谓语动词的谓语动词用复数形式。法用笈数形式。what1boughtwerethreeEnglishbooks.What1sayanddois(are)helpfulforyou.由连接词and或both…LucyandLilyaretwinsand连接起来的主语后Thewriterandartisthascome.―-面,要用复数形式的谓Everystudentandeveryteachisintheclassroom.语动词。似若所连接的Manyaboyandmanyagirllikesit.两个词是指同一个人或物Noboyandnogirllikesit.致时，它后而的谓语就用单数形式。由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no,each,原every或morethana(an)/one,manya(an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。either,neither,each,every或则no+单数名词和由some,anyno,every构成的£合不定代词，都作单数看待。.