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云南临沧市2018高考英语语法填空类阅读练习及答案:侧重介词

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云南临沧市2018髙考英语语法填空类阅读练习及答案:侧重介词髙考语法填空:侧重介词(1)介词辨析A.表示时间的介词1.in,on,at,over(Din表示在一段时间之内。通常时间较长,如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般(非特指)的早、巾、晚等。如:inthe1950s,in1989,insummer,inJanuary,inone’sthirties,inthemorning等。(2)on表示具体的某一天及其早、屮、晚。如:onMay1st,onMonday,onacoldnightinJanuary,onafinemorning等。(3)at表示在一个时间点上。指某一时刻或较短暂的时间,也泛指圣诞节,复活节等。如:at3:20,atthistimeofyear,atChristmas,atnight,atthismoment等。(4)over后面接一段时间,表示“超过……”或“在……期间”。如:DavidCrum,theCEOofGeldartSoftware,announcedthatthecorporationwouldopenthreebranchesinBangkokoverthenextseveralmonths.(5)在last,next,this,that,some,every等词之前—*律不用介词。如:HewenttoJapanlastyear.Wemeeteveryday.2.in,after(1)“in+—段时间”表示将來的一段时间之后。如:Mymotherwillcomebackinthreeorfourdays.(2)“after+—段吋间”表示过去的一段吋间之后。如:Hearrivedafterfivemonths.(3)“after+具体时间”表示将来或过去的某一时刻之后。如:Shewillappearafterfiveo’clockthisafternoon.Therainbegantofallafterseven.3.from,since,for(1)from后接具体时间,说明从什么时候开始,不说明某动作或情况持续多久。如:1hopetodomorningexercisesfromtoday. (1)since后接具体过去时间,表示某动作或情况持续至说话时刻,通常与完成时连用。如:Wehavenotseeneachothersince2010.(2)for后接一段吋间,通常与完成吋连用。如:Ihavebeeninthearmyfor5years.A.表地点的介词1.at,in,on,to(1)at表示在小地方或“在……附近;在……旁边”。如:Hearrivedatthestationatten.Heissittingatthedesk.(2)in表示在大地方或“在……范围之内”。如:liearrivedinShanghaiyesterday.ShandongliesintheeastofChina.(3)on表示毗邻或接壤。如:RussialiesonthenorthofChina.(4)to表示“在……范围外”,不强调是否接壤。如:JapanistotheeastofChina.2.above,over,on(1)above意为“在上方”,只表示位置高于某物但不强调是否垂直,与below相对。如••Thebirdisflyingabovemyhead.(2)over意为“在之上”,表示垂直高于,与under相对。over强调与物体有一定的空间,不直接接触。如:Thereisabridgeovertheriver.(3)on意为“在……之上”,表示在某物体上而.并与之接触。如:Heputhiswatchonthedesk.B.表示运动方向的介词1.across,over,through(1)across表示从物体表面穿过,与on有关。如:acrosstheplayground/square/dosert/river(2)over表示动作是在空中进行的。如: Hejumpedoverthewall.(1)through表示从物体里面穿过,与in有关。也可表示吋间,指“(从开始到结束)经历了……”。如:throughthepipe/forest/doorWeworkhardallthroughtheyear.1.in,into(Din通常表示静态,意为“在……里面”。如:Wewalkedinthepark.我们在公闶里走着。(2)into通常表示动态,意为“进入到……里面”。如:Wewalkedintothepark.我们走进了公园。A.表示原因的介词1.for表示原因时,常与sorry,famous,punish,praise,thank,blame等词连用。如:TamsorryforwhatTsaidtoyou.2.at表示引起某种情感变化的原因,常与表示看、听或喜、怒、吃惊的词连用,意为“因听到或看到……而……”。如:Hewassurprisedatthenews.3.from常接抽象名词表示自然、间接或外在的原因,如受伤、车祸等。如:Hediedfromthewound.4.of多用于表示自身或内在的原因,如病、饿等。如:Theoldmandiedofhunger.5.with指生理上或情感上由外界到内心的原因。如:Hearingthenews,hejumpedwithjoy.Hewasshakingwithanger.6.by表示外部的,尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因。如:Shetookyourumbrellabymistake.她错拿了你的雨伞。 1.over一般用于cry,weep,laugh等带有感情色彩的动词后,表示所发生的事情的原因。如:Sheweptoverthedeathofherdaughter.Welaughedoverthevictory.2.becauseof表示引起结果的直接原因。如:Heretiredlastmonthbecauseofhisillness.3.thanksto表示引起某种幸运结果的原因,常意为“幸亏……,多亏……”。如:ThankstoJohn,wewonthegame.A.表示计量的介词1.at表示“以……速度;以……价格”。如:Itfliesatabout900kilometersanhour.Tsoldmycaratahighprice.2.for表示“用……交换;以……为代价”。如:Hesoldhiscarfor500dollars.注意:at表示单价,for表示总钱数。3.by表示“以……计”,后跟度量单位。如:Theypaidhimbythemonth.注意:by后接具体度量单位要加the。B.表示工具或手段的介词1.by意为“用某种方式”,后而的名词不带冠词。如:Iwenttherebybus.2.with表示“用某种工具”,后面的名词耑带冠词。如:Hebrokethewindowwithastone.3.in表示“用”时,后面的宾语不带冠词,且多为铅笔、墨水、颜色、语言等。如:Ihateletterswritteninpencil.Wewillneverforgetthishistoricallessonwritteninblood.4.on表示“以……方式”,多用于固定词组。如:Theytalkedonthetelephone.ShelearnsEnglishontheradio/onTV.C.表示“在……之间”的介词 1.between表示在两者之间。如:Youaretositbetweenyourfatherandme.2.among表示在三者或三者以上之间。如:Heisalwayshappyamonghisclassmates.3.有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西,但强调多者屮的两两关系时用between。如:SwitzerlandliesbetweenFrance,Italy,AustriaandGermany.Payattentiontotherelationshipbetweenthesentencesinyourcomposition.A.表示“除了”的介词1.besides表示“除……之外,还有……”。如:Weallwenttoseethefilmbesidesyou.除你之外我们也都去看电影了。2.except表示“除……外,把……除去”◊如:Weallwenttoseethefilmexceptyou.除你之外我们都去看电影了。3.but与except同义,但多用于不定代词noone/nobody/nothing/everything/all和副词nowhere/anywhere以及疑问代词who之后。如:Tneversawhimreadinganythingbutthenewspaper.4.exceptfor表示“如无就,只是”,多表明理由细节。如:Hisdiaryisgoodexceptforafewspellingmistakes.5.exceptthat表示“除外,把除去”,后而接句子。如:IknownothingabouthimexceptthatheisfromBeijing.6.apartfrom在不同的上下文巾,既有besides的含义,又有except和exceptfor的含义,要根据上下文来判别。如:Apartfrom/BesidesEnglish,hehasagoodcommandofRussianandFrench.Hehasnointerests,apartfrom/excepthiswork.It’sagoodpaper,apartfrom/exceptforafewspellingmistakes.(2)介词的搭配、介词短语1.名词词组:如onthecontrary相反;inturn依次;inone’sopinion根据某人的看法;ontime准时;outofreach够不着2.动词词组:如remindsb.ofsth.提醒某人某事;robsb.ofsth.抢劫某人的; resultfrom由引起;callat访问(某地)1.形容词词组:如becuriousabout对好奇;beproudof因而自豪;bepopularwith受到的欢迎2.介词短语:如apartfrom除之外;inadditiontoP余之外(还);becauseof因为;insteadof代替;infearof为提心吊胆;forfearof以免;incaseof防备,万一;thanksto由于;inthemiddleof在中间accordingto根据;infrontof在前面;inreturnfor作为对的回报;inchargeof负责;asaresultof作为的结果;inexchangefor与交换等。高考语法填空选练题【2018高考选练】语法填空阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Michaellovesscuba-diving.By9,hewasanextraordinaryswimmerandagoodlistenerinthepool.Michael’sfirstdive,丄,wastrulyunforgettable.Insteadofusingaboat,theplanwastogodownaladderattheboatanddropintoabout15feetofwater.Everythingwent2(perfect).HisinstructorPollyledhimtothenearbyreef.While_3—(explore)thereefin27feetofwater,Michaelsuddenlysignaledaproblemwithhismask.Pollysignaledbackforhimtoclearit.Heclearedit4thenlatersignaledtheproblemagain.Hismaskwascompletelyfloodedwithwater.MichaelmadeasignIhewantedtogoup.Pollysignaled,“No!Staywithme!’,AccordingtoPolly,eventhoughscuba合(train)teachesnewdivershowtodealwithfloodedmasks,manybeginnerspanicthefirsttimewaterfillstheirmasksduringanactualdive.Michaelwasn’tlikemanybeginners,though.Hedidn’tpanic.Hedid(exact)whathelearnedtododuringhisyears.Hestayedcalm,(think)itthrough,andfollowedPolly’s2(instruct).PollygraduallyledMichaeltoanareawithshallowerwater.ThegroupswamtogetherbacktotheshoreforacelebrationofMichael’s(amaze)accomplishment.【文章大意】Michael是一名潜水员。最值得一提的就是他第一次潜水的时 候突遇意外,其他人可能已经惊慌失措,可是他却与众不同。解析:1.however考查上下文语境。根据第一段中的hewasanextraordinaryswimmer可知他是一名非常优秀的潜水员,结合下文可知这里表示“但是他的第一次潜水却永生难忘”,是转折关系,而且本空缺少的是副词,能这样使用的是howevero2.perfectly考查词形转换。本空缺少的是副词,修饰谓语动词went。3.exploring考查状语从句的省略。当主句和从句的主语一致,而且从句中含有be动词的时候,从句中的主语和be动词可以省略。从句中explore的逻辑主语是Michael,动作是主动发出的,所以用exploring。4.but考查连词。前后是转折关系,这里需要一个表示转折关系的并列连词。5.that考查同位语从句。句中的hewantedtogoup解释名词sign,所以这是一个同位语从句。6.training考查词形转换。这里指的是Michael接受的要成为一名潜水员所必需的“训练”,所以用名词training作主语。7.exactly考查词形转换。这里用exactly修饰动词do。8.thought考查动词的时态。本句中含有三个连续的过去的动作,所以应该使用think的过去式。9.instructions考查词形转换。本空需要一个名词与follow构成动宾短语;而instruction意为“指示”时是一个可数名词,因此须用其复数形式。10.amazing考查词形转换。Michael临危不惧,取得了令人惊讶的成就。这里用amazing修饰accomplishment。阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中,选出最佳选项。【2016高考训练】CHICAGO(Reuters)-Smokingnotonlycanwrinkle(皱纹}thefaceandturnityellow—itcandothesametothewholebody,researchersreportedonMonday. Thestudy,publishedintheArchivesofDermatology,showsthatsmokingaffectstheskinalloverthebody-evenskinprotectedfromthesun.〃Weexaminednon-facialskinthatwasprotectedfromthesun,andfoundthatthetotalnumberofpacks,ofcigarettesmokedperdayandthetotalyearsapersonhassmokedwerelinkedwiththeamountofskindamageapersonexperienced,〃Dr.Yolanda,wholedthestudy,saidinastatement."Inparticipantsolderthan65years,smokershadsignificantlymorefinewrinklingthannonsmokers.Similarfindingswereseeninparticipantsaged45to65years,Yolanda’steamaddedintheirreport.Theresearcherstested82people,smokersandnonsmokers,takingpicturesoftheinnerrightarms.Theyranged,inagefrom22to91andhalfweresmokers.Independentjudgesdecidedhowwrinkledeachperson"sskinwas.Whenskinisexposedtosunlight,especiallytheface,itbecomescoarse(粗糙的}.Wrinkledanddiscoloredwithapaleyellowtint,Yolanda"steamwrote.Severalpreviousstudieshavefoundthatcigarettesmokingledtopremature(过甲•的)skinagingasmeasuredbyfacialwrinkles,thestudysaid,butlittlehasbeendonetomeasuretheagingofskinnotexposedtolight.Thereportdidnotdiscussdiemechanisminvolvedbutpreviousresearchhasfoundthatcigarettesmoke,amongotherthings,causesbloodvessels(血管)beneaththeskintoconstrict(紧缩reducingbloodsupplytotheskin.Smokingcanalsodamagetheconnectivetissue(姐织)thatsupportsbothdieskinandtheinternalorgans.1.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe.A.ThedangerofsmokingB.SmokingcausesskinagingC.QuitsmokingforhealthD.Asurveyofsmokers2.Accordingtothepassage,howwrinkledaperson’sskinisdoesn"trelateto.A.thenumberofcigarettesapersonsmokesB.thekindandcharacteristicsofskinC.howlongapersonsmokesD.howlongskinisundersunlight3.Fromthepassagesmokingresultsinskinagingmainlybecause.A.itwilllowerbloodsupplytoskinB.itcanmakeyoufeeltiredC.itcanmakeskincomeoffD.itcanmakebloodrunfaster 1.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto.A.informpeopleaboutthestudyofskinB.advisepeoplehowtoprotectskinC.warnpeoplenottosmokeagainD.introduceanewwayofavoidskinaging参考答案1—4、BBAC