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  • 2022-06-17 15:39:53 发布

高中英语语法专题名词性从句讲解与练习

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一对一个性化学科优化学案▲0鹰击长空一基盼不丟一、概述在复合句中具有名词的性质的作主语、表语、同位语、宾语的从句叫名词性从句。因此,我们把主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和宾语从句这四种从句统称为名词性从句。ItisafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage(主i?Y丿人句)Thetroubleisthatshehaslosthisaddress.(表语从句)Theyhavenoideaatallwherehehasgone.(同位语从句)Doyourememberhowhecame?(宾语从句)二-主语从句(subjectclauses)1、概述在复合句中起主语作用的从句叫主语从句。引导主语从句的词有从属连词、关系代词、连接副词等。引导主语从句的关联词有从属连词that、whether,关系代词:who,what,which,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever;关系畐】J词:when,where,how,why,however,whenever,wherever等。Thatyoudoiftlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.Whathesaidistrue.Whetherthefootballgamewillbeplayeddependsontheweather.2^从属连词that,whether引导的主语从句。从属连词that,whether在主语从句中的作用只是引导主语从句,它们在从句中不担任成分,不能省略。Whethershewillcomeornotisstillaquestion.Thattheywillgoiscertain.Whethershe"scomingornotdoesnrtmattertoomuch.3、it作形式主语引导主语从句。如果主语从句太长,为避免句子结构头重脚轻,我们可用it作形式主语,而把主语从句放在主句谓语部分Z后。That引导的主语从句可用it代替,that不可省略。用作it作形式主语的结构:(1)Itis/was+形容词+that从句It*snaturalthat...很自然It*sobviousthat...显而易见(2)Itis/was+名词+that从句 It"sapitythat...遗憾的是It"safactthat...事实是(3)It+不及物动词+that从句Itseemsthat...似乎Itturnsoutthat…结果(4)Itis/was+过去分词+lhat从句It^sreportedthat...据报道It9sbelievedthat...据认为Itisapitythatshehasmadesuchamistake.Itsstrangethathedidn"tcomeyesterday.4、由关系代词引导的主语从句。关系代i可who,what,which,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever等,弓I导主语从句时,它们分别在从句中担任主语、宾语或定语,不能省略。Whoeverleaveslheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.Whatyouhavedonemightdoharmtootherpeople・Whathesaidat(hemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.Whomadethelongdistancecallisnotimportant.5、关系副词引导的主语从句。连接副词有when,where,why,how,however,whenever,wherever等引导主语从句吋,它们在从句中担任状语,不能省略。此类主语从句可以转换为以it作形式主语的句子。Whyhedidn"lcomehereisnotcleartoanyone.Whereshehasgoneisnotknownyet.Whentheywillstar!hasnotbeendecidedyet.三、表语从句1、概述用作表语的从句叫作表语从句,它位于主句中的连系动词之后。引导表语从句的词有从属连)司that^whetherasthough(if);关系代i司who,what,which,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever等;关系副词when,where,why,how,however,whenever,wherever等。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。Thai引导表语从句时,在口语屮可以省略。Thetroubleisthatweareshortofmoney.ThatiswhystonewallsareusedinsteadoffencesaroundNewEnglandfields.Atthattime,itseemedasifIcouldn"tthinkoftherightwordanyhow.2^由从属连词that,whether引导的表语从句。that在引导表语从句时无词义,而whether有词义,意为“是否”。这时主句的主语常常是些抽象名词,如question(问题),result(结果),chance(可能性),suggestion(建议),idea(想法),reason(理由)等。表语从句对主句主语进行说明、解释,使主语的内容具体化。 Thetroubleis(that)shehaslosthismoney.Thequestioniswhetherweneedmoreicecream3、由关系代词引导的表语从句。关系代词who,what,which,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever等引导表语从句,在句屮作主语、宾语、表语,关系代词不能省略。Thequestioniswhichofusshouldgo.Theproblemwaswhocoulddothework.That"swhatheiswoiryinpabout.4、由关系副词引导的表语从句。Goandgetyourcoat.It"swhereyouleftit.Thatishowmiceruinmanystoresofgraineveryyear.5、由连词because,asif/asthough等引导的表语从句。Itlookedasifitwasgoingtosnow.Thafsbecauseweneverthoughtofit.四、同位语从句1、概述用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在抽彖名词fact,idea,news,belief,thought,truth,doubt,suggestion,instruction,reasonquestion等Z后,对这些名词进行说明或解释。引导同位语从句的词除连词(ha(,whether外,还有关系代词what,which,who,以及关系副词how,when,wherewhy等。Itisafactthatsmokingisadangertohealth.Ihavenoideawhatyoumean.2^由从属连词that,whether引导的同位语从句。Informationhasbeenputforwardlhalmoremiddleschoolgradualeswillbeadmiltedinlouniversities.Ididn"treceivethenewsthat(hemeetinghadbeenputoff.我没有听到会议被推迟的消息。3、由关系代词引导的同位语从句。Thequestionwhoshouldbethefirsthasnotbeensettled.Youcanhavenoideawhathesaid.4、由关系副词引导的同位语从句。Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.Theyusuallywriteexactinstructionshowthemusicistobeplayed.五*宾语从句(objectclauses) 1、概述用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句的位置与陈述句基本结构中的宾语相同。宾语从句可以由从属连词lhalwhether、if,关系代词what,who,whose,which和关系副词when>where>how、why等引导。Hesaidhewantedtogototown.Ihopeyou"llbebettersoon.Heaskedmewhethershewascoming.2、作动词宾语(1)由从属连词that引导的宾语从句。that引导宾语从句时,只起引导词作用,在句中不做成分,在口语和非正式文体中常省去。Ithink(that)hellberightinafewdays.Iwish(that)shewouldunderstandme.(2)由关系代词what,who,whose,which引导的宾语从句,在句中作成分,即主语、宾语、表语和定语,关系代词在句中不能省略。Acomputercanonlydowhatyouhaveinstructedittodo.Doyouknowwhomtheyarewaitingfor?Heaskedwhosedictionaryitwas.Hecanltellwhichmethod(heywilluseforlheexperiment(3)关系副词when,where,how,why等引导宾语从句。关系副词when,where,how,why既有疑问意义,又起连接作用,而且在宾语从句屮充当各种状语,分别表时间、地点、方式、原因。在句中不能省略。Pleasetellmewhenweshalldiscussourplan.Idon"tknowwherewearegoingtohavethemeeting.WillyoutellmehowIcangettothestation?Doyouknowwhyhesaidthat?(4)由从属连词whether或if引导的宾语从句。Idonftknowwhether(if)youarewillinglohelpme•我不知道你是否愿意帮我。(5)动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。动词如:advise,ask,inform,promise,question,remind,show,teach,tell,warn等,宾语从句前可以有一个间接宾语,这个宾语有时可以省略,有的不能省略。Hehasinformedmewhentheyaretodiscussmyproposal,(me不可省略)Shepromised(us)thatshewouldgiveusmorehelplateron.(us可省略)3、作介词宾语Itdependsonwhetherheiscomingornol.Iwascuriousas(owhatwecoulddonext. 4.作形容词宾语。NoonecanbesurewhatmanwilllooklikeinamillionyeasIamnotcertainwhelherIhnvemelhimbefore.5、it充当形式宾语,真正的宾语…宾语从句后置。正如我们常用it充当形式主语代替主语从句一样,我们也常用it用作形式宾语代替宾语从句,把真正的宾语从句后置。在这种结构中that不可省略。有下列儿种情况:(1)在believe,consider,declare,estimate,fancy,feel,find,guess,hear,imagine,know,make,prove,reckon,think,understand等动词接复合宾语(宾语+宾补)时,要用it作形式宾语。Wefinditdifficultthatweshouldfinishtheworkontime.Shethinksitw「or>gthathedidrftanswerthephone.(2)用于“动词+宾语+介词短语”的句型中。Keepitinmind山览youhavetobehomebytenc/clock.Wetookitforgranted(hathewouldcome.6、否定转移如果主句的谓语动词是“think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,reckon,imagine等,主语是第一人称的一般现在时态,其后的宾语从句如含有否定意义,一定要把否定词移到主句谓语上,从句谓语动词用肯定形式。Idon"tthinkhecandoitbelterthanme.Idon"tbelievehetreatedthechildlikethat.7、时态的呼应与语序。在宾语从句中只能用陈述句语序,时态呼应上要遵循以下三条原则:(1)如果主句谓语是一般现在时或将來时,宾语从句的谓语可根据意思的需要使用任何一种时态。CcinyoumcikesurewhewAlicehasputthegoldring?Theyhavenoideaatallwherehehasgone.(2)如果主句谓语是一般过去时,宾语从句要用表示过去的某一时态。Hesaidhewouldcometoseeusthenextday・IwantedtoknowwhetherhehadbeentoBeijing.(3)如果宾语从句是表示客观事实、真理等,不管主句是什么时态,宾语从句一律用一般现在时。DickaskedLucyhowoldsheis.Theteachersaidthesunrisesintheeast.六、高考考点 考点(1)引导名词性从句的连接词1.常见的连接词如下:©thatothat从句为一个句意完整的陈述句,that不能省略,没有具体的汉语意思,不充当句子成分。②whethei"owhether从句来源于一般疑问句,whether不能省略,意为"是否"。注意:if只可以连接动词(discuss除外)后的宾语从句。即:确定意思是“是否”的前提下,名词性从句的连接词优先选用whethero③特殊疑问词。特殊疑问词引导的从句来源于特殊疑问句,特殊疑问词不能省略,意思为特殊疑问词本來的意思,在从句中充当句子成分。2.名词性从句中难点、重点的连接词:®where可表示抽象意义,“的地方,点”;when可表示“的时候”。②what引导名词性从句时,可视上下文理解为the+名词+that...如:what=thethingthat/anythingthat...;what=theplacethat...;what=thetimethat...;what=thepersonthat...固定句型:AistoBwhatCistoD小结:名词性从句不完整时,如缺主语、宾语、表语时,用whal引导。③whoever引导名词性从句时,whoever=anybodywho...whatever引导名词性从句时,whatever=anythingthat...whichever引导名词性从句时,whichever=any+名词+that...Whoever(=Anybodywho)breaksthelawwillbepunished.考点(2)名词性从句中的语气①在Itisnecessary/natural/important/strange...+that从句中,从句屮的谓语动词用"should+原形动词”表虚拟语气,且should可省略。②表示“建议、命令、要求"意义的动词,后接that从句时,从句屮的谓语动词要用虚拟语气,即"should+原形动词”,且should可省略。③表示“建议、要求、命令、想法”意义的名词,后接(hat从句时,从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气,即^should+动词原形should可以省略c这类名词有:advice,command,decision,demand,determination,order,preference,proposal,request,requiremento考点(3)名词性从句中的吋态主句时态为过去时,从句时态为过去的某一时态;主句时态为现在时或将来时,从句时态视具体情况而定。考点(4)形式主语和形式宾语it主语从句作句子主语,为平衡句子结构,避免头重脚轻,用it作形式主语;同理,宾语从句作宾语,为平衡句子结构,避免句子中间臃肿,用it作形式宾语,使句子瘦身。it所代替的真正的主语从句或宾语从句则放在句子的最后面。考点(5)引导词that与what的区别what既有引导主语从句的作用,同时又在从句中作句子成分(主语、宾语、表语等),这 时what相当于allthat/everythingthat等,常译成“所的(东西、事情、话等)";而that只起连接作用,本身无实际意义,在从句中也不充当任何句子成分,但th珀引导的主语从句放在句首时,不能省略thato如:Whatwecantgetseemsbetterthanwhatwehave.Thatanewteacherwillcometoteachusgeographyistrue.1・(令球迷欣喜的)wasthattheyoungplayerperformedextremelywellinthetabletennistournament,(delight)2.Thenews(房价将要下跌)hascausedmanypeopletoselltheirhousesatlowerprices・(fall)3.Whenthenewscame,hedecidedtoserveinthearmy.(break)当战争爆发的消息传来,他决定去参军.4.byonecompanydoesn"tnecessarilymeanthatyouhavenowayouttosupportyourself,(lay)你被一个公司解雇并不一定意味着你没有出路來养活你自己.1.oughttoturnoffthelights,(whoever)最后离开房间的人应该关灯。2.Itisstillunknowntovisithersickfather,(set)她是否能省出点时问去看望她生病的父亲还不清楚。3.Itwillmakeadifferenceifwerealizetolivelifetothefullest.(important)如杲我们意识到充实生活是多么重要的话就会有所作为。4.isthattheyareallindependent,(common)他们所拥有的共同之处是他们都很独立。5.isthatitoffersmorepersona]services,(what)使这家商店不同的是它提供了更多的个人服务。6・Languageexpertsholdtheviewthedevelopmentoflanguage,(influence)语言专家认为网络语言对语言的发展有很大的影响。7.Tom,don^yourealizethatis?(be) 汤姆,难道你没有意识到这就是你的错误所在吗?7.Water,whichseemssosimpleandcommonis.(make)看似简单而普通的水却是使生命成为对能的东酋。8.Afterdecoration,ourclassroomisnot・(what)装修后,我们的教室不再和过去一样。9.Marywroteanarticleontowinthegame・(fail)玛丽写了篇关于我们这场比赛没有赢的原因的文章。11・ThesewildflowersaresospecialthatIwilldo.(save)这些野花如此特别,我将竭尽所能地去挽救他们。12.Choosingtherightdictionarydependson•(what)正确地选择字典収决于你要用它做什么。6・We"llneverknowforusinthetenyearstocome,(what)我们永远不会知道在即将到来的10后年我们的生活会发生什么。7.Hespokeproudlyofhispartinthegame,withoutmentioning.(what)他自豪地说出他在比赛中发挥的作用却没有提他的队友们所做的。8.ThatmorningJimaskedmewithmyparentsthenightbefore・(argue)那天上午吉姆问我,我和父母在前一天晚上争论什么。9.Togetafullappreciationofwemustturnfirsttosomerecenthumaninventions,(mean)要透彻理解这句话的意义,我们应先回顾一下人类最近的几项发明。10.asmenhasbeenprovedbyastudy・(word)女性用的词汇是男性的两倍,这己经得到了一个研允的证实。11・Smartphonesenableworkerstokeepincontactinimpracticalbefore.(think)智能手机让上班族们有更多他们以前认为是不现实的方式保持联系。12.AgreatsenseofbalanceistostandonaSwissBall,(take)站在瑞士球上需要很好的平衡感。13.Thestabilityofasocietydependsontheextremesofhumanbehavio匚(respond)一个社会的稳定取决于该社会对人们的极端如何作出回应。14.isthatthecontinuepresenceofwaterallowstheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.(believe)很多科学家相信,市于地球上长期有水存在,使地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。15.Youcanhardlyimagineinsuchashorttime!(progress) 你简直难以想象他在这么短的时间内取得了多么大的进步!12.Stopdreamingupgettingandgetdowntoyourwork,(belong)不要幻想得到不属于你的东西,赶紧开始干活吧。17・Iwasclosetobeingkilledtheotherdaywhenacarpassedmeat・(dangerous)前天,当一辆小车以我认为危险的速度开过时,我差一点被撞死了。18.1wasabouttogiveupwhenanideaIcouldworkwithmyroommateTim.(occur)正打算放弃时,我突然想到我可以和我的室友Tim一块干。19.aboutthecitywasitstraditionalcultureandmordenarchitecture.(impress)这个城市给我们印象最深的是她的传统文化和现代建筑风格。20・Ithasbeenannouncedthatintheexamwillbegradedzero.(catch)己经宣布任何在考试中被抓住作弊的人将被记零分。21.totheconferencesurprisedus,sincehewasanimportantfigureinthisfieldafterall.(invite)他没有被邀请参加会议很让我们吃惊,毕竟他是这一行业的重要人物。22.isthattheyarebothgoodatmathbutweakinEnglish.(common)他们的共同点是他俩都擅长数学但英语薄弱。23.Buildingawell-beingandharmonioussocietyis・(struggle)我们一直努力奋斗的就是建设一个和谐的小康社会。